钼丝中锡的比色测定——苯芴酮法

用苯芴酮比色法测定锡受多种元素的干扰,其中尤以钨、钼、钛等元素的干扰更大。我们以铍为载体,用氨水沉淀锡和大量钼分离,然后在9N硫酸-0.5M碘化钾介质中,用甲苯(或苯)萃取SnI4,进一步与残留钼和其它干扰离子分离,然后作比色测定。进行了含锡量为0.002—0.025％钼丝中锡的测定,所得结果的重现性较好。于1克钼中,加入0.02—0.4毫克锡的回收率在90—96％之间。方法的灵敏度为1微克Sn/25毫升。 (一)分析步骤称取0.5-1.0克试样,置于400毫升烧杯中,加10-30毫升王水,小心加热溶解并煮沸驱尽二氧化氮。取下,加入10毫升硫酸铍溶液(1毫克/毫升,此溶液每升中含硫酸10毫升)和5毫升10％EDTA溶液,用水稀释至约150毫升,加入15毫升浓氨水,加热至微沸后,加入50％硝酸铵15毫     

复杂矿石中锡的碘量法测定

用经典的碘量法测锡具有快速、操作简便的优点,但对某些含干扰元素的复杂矿物必须经过分离才能测定。干扰元素主要有砷、铜、钨、钼、锑、钒、铬、铋、硝酸根及亚硝酸根等。本法利用在EDTA二钠的碱性溶液中铍、锡均可生成不溶性氢氧化物这一特点,将试样以碱熔分解后,以EDTA为掩蔽剂,加入硫酸铍作载体,在氨性介质中使锡和铍共沉淀而与干扰元素钨、钼、钒、铜、砷、锑、铋、铬(Ⅵ)分离;钛、铬(Ⅲ)也与锡、铍一起沉淀,但铬(Ⅲ)以过氧化钠熔矿后已氧化至六价而不干扰,钛量少于24毫克时也不影响测定。     

稀土球墨铸铁中微量锡的催化极谱测定

黑色金属样品的含锡量,多在0.10％以下,因此希望用吸光光度法测定,但可以信赖的方法不多。目前采用较多的苯药酮比色法,能与很多元素形成有色络离子,必须萃取分离,手续麻烦,显色条件严格。作者参考有关资料,将试样酸溶,以EDTA络合铁、铬、钛元素,用硫酸铍作捕集剂,在pH9.0—9.5氨性溶液中沉淀锡,使其与杂质分离,锡铍的氢氧化物沉淀用酸溶解后,吸取整分试液调至     

低含量锡的快速比色法

应用阳离子表面活性剂的胶束增溶作用,不但提高了苯芴酮测定锡的灵敏度,而且在较大量酒石酸掩蔽下也提高了方法的选择性。在盐酸介质中能与苯芴酮、阳离子表面活性剂反应生成三元络合物的金属主要有钽、铌、锡、锗、钛、钨、钼、锑等。我们采用过氧化钠碱熔法使钽、铌、钛等沉淀而与锡分离;干扰元素钼、锑和钨可分别用过氧化氢和酒石酸隐蔽之;锗在原矿中含量甚微。因此,可不经分离直接测定锡,从而达到快速、准确、简易的目的。本法测锡不需要贵重的仪器设     

铋磷钼兰直接光度法测定高钨钢中磷

高钨钢中磷的测定,钨的干扰较严重。目前普遍采用ＥＤＴＡ存在下,磷与氢氧化铍共沉淀消除其干扰,此法操作繁琐,且使用剧毒的硫酸铍,污染环境,对人体有一定危害。作者采用高氯酸将磷转化为正磷酸,钨转化为钨酸沉淀滤出,铋磷钼兰直接光度法进行测定,方法用于高钨钢...     

在乳化剂OP存在下用苯基萤光酮光度法测定矿石中微量锡

以苯基萤光酮-动物胶光度测定矿石中微量锡的方法已有广泛应用。近年来,有资料提出在聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP)存在下,用苯基萤光酮测定锡的方法,但钼和钨有严重干扰。实验表明,若选用显色酸度为0.96N硫酸,显色前加入过氧化氢和酒石酸作掩蔽剂能抑制少量钼和钨的干扰。当测定10微克锡时,下列共存离子(毫克)不干扰测定:Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Sr~(2+)(50),     

极谱法测定化探样品中的钨、钼

化探样品经氢氧化钾熔融,用水提取其中的钨、钼,采用二苯乙醇酸代替苯羟乙酸,在硫酸-二苯乙醇酸-二苯胍-氯酸钾体系中,利用极谱催化波测定钨、钼,方法的灵敏度大大提高,钨、钼的峰电位分别为-0.76、-0.26 V(对饱和甘汞电极),钨、钼含量为1.0～100.0 ng/mL时,极谱峰高与浓度呈线性关系.方法经国家一级标准样品检验,测定结果与推荐值吻合,钨、钼测定结果的RSD分别为3.5%～4.1%、3.4%～3.9%(n=11).     

钛-苯甲酰苯胲-连苯三酚三元络合物的分光光度法研究及钛的测定

近年来,关于钛三元络合物的报导很多,以钛-苯甲酰苯胲-硫氰酸铵三元异配位络合物的形式测定钛,可提高分析方法的灵敏度和选择性,但钒、钼、钨等元素的允许量仅为钛的2～3倍。等研究了铌-苯甲酰苯胲-连苯三酚三元络合物。本文研究了钛-苯甲酰苯     

钨-氨三乙酸-邻氯苯基萤光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵体系的分光光度法研究

在阳离子表面活性剂存在下，邻氯苯基萤光酮(O—CIPF)与钛、钼、钨和钽的显色反应已有报道，光度测定的灵敏度较高，但对钨的测定却受锡和钛等金属离子的严重干扰。     

用结晶紫萃取比色测定微量钼

本文研究了用结晶紫萃取比色测定微量钼的方法。查明了硫氰酸钼(V)-结晶紫的三元络合物,在乙醇存在下,能用苯顺利的萃取,并可直接比色测定钼。确定了较适宜的萃取酸度为3—4当量硫酸,16％硫氰酸钠的用量为2.0毫升,0.05％结晶紫为2.5毫升。水相体积在35—55毫升,温度在15—30℃时,对萃取没有影响。苯层中的有色络合物,可稳定一小时,在波长480—680毫微米间,有两个吸收峯,一于波长555毫微米;另一在605毫微米处,其克分子消光系数在555毫微米处时为7.0×10~4,在605毫微米处时为8.2×10~4,0—9微克钼/5毫升苯,符合比尔定律。共存离子:100微克的钨(Ⅵ)、钒(Ⅴ)、铼(Ⅶ)、铌(Ⅴ)、钛(Ⅳ)、镍、钴(Ⅱ)、锌、镉、铋(Ⅲ)、铅、铊(Ⅰ)、锰(Ⅱ)、铀(Ⅵ)、钍、铝;50微克的钽(Ⅴ)和铜(Ⅱ);以及8毫克的氟、50毫克的锆均不干扰。并允许有大量的硼酸、硼氟酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸以及乙二胺四乙酸等离子存在。唯有锡(Ⅳ)、锑(Ⅲ)、草酸和多量锆、硝酸根有影响,但锡锑和多量锆的影响,可用硼氟酸掩蔽消除。因而此法可在多量锆和其他若干离子存在下,直接萃取比色测定微量钼。并较二硫酚法灵敏两倍多。     

ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物中铀的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对铀污染土壤植物中铀的测定方法进行了研究.在λU385.958 nm处,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了酸度和常见共存元素对测定的干扰情况,并且对比了干灰化消解和湿式消解对测定的影响.研究发现2%硝酸溶液为最佳介质,干扰离子对测定没有显著影响,干灰化消解比湿式消解得彻底.在选定条件下,方法检出限为0.18 mg·L-1,测定下限为0.61 mg·L-1,5.0000 mg·L-1的铀标准溶液的相对标准偏差RSD(n=10)为0.81%,方法回收率为96.2%～106.2%.该方法操作简单,快速.结果表明,用ICP-AES测定铀污染土壤植物样品中的铀是可行的.     

测定血清中Na 含量不确定度的评定

对血清中Na离子含量的测量不确定度进行评定。不确定度的来源主要包括Na离子标准工作液的配制过程、血清样品的定容消化制备、标准曲线拟合、钠离子各分量不确定度的合成等引入的不确定度计算出各分量的不确定度,通过合成得到测量结果的合成不确定度、扩展不确定度及测试结果的报告形式。     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Production of radicals in the ozonolysis of propene in air

Radical production in the ozonolysis of propene in air was monitored directly by a peroxy radical chemical amplification (PERCA) instrument at room temperature (298±2 K) and atmospheric pressure (1×105 Pa). The ozonolysis reactions were conducted in a flow tube under pseudo-first-order conditions for ozone. The decay in ozone was calculated based on reaction time tr and effective rate constant keff (keff = k1[C3H6]0)) for the ozone-propene reaction. The total radical yields relative to consumed ozone were d...     

Kinetics of dehydration in chelates of quinones involved in photosystem-II

The solid-state deaquation of thetrans- andcis-oximates of lawsone (I) and phthiocol (II) with cobalt(II) was investigated by means of non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The modes of deaquation during the thermolyses of hydrated oximates of (I) and (II) with compositions CoL₂·2H₂O were compared. The weight lossvs. temperature data were treated by using the Coats and Redfern relations. The kinetic data support a rearrangement-type mechanism for the deaquation of the oximate of phthiocol. TheE _a values for both the ligands and water molecules were found to be 23 kJ/mol.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels nichtisothermer Thermogravimetrie wurde die Dehydratation der trans- und cis-Kobalt(II)-oximate von Lawson (I) und Phthiokol (II) untersucht. Die Arten der Dehydratation während der Thermolyse der hydratierten Oximate von (I) und (II) mit der Zusammensetzung CoL₂·2H₂O wurden verglichen. Bei der Auswertung der Massenverlust-Temperatur-Daten wurden Coats-Redfern Beziehungen angewendet. Die kinetischen Daten bekräftigen einen Umlagerungsmechanismus für die Dehydratation des Oximates von Phthiokol. DieE _a Werte betragen sowohl für die Liganden als auch für Wasser etwa 23 kJ/mol.

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- - (I) (II) . I II CoL₂ · 2₂ . -. . _a , 23 · ^–1

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Use of matrix-modifiers in atomic-absorption determination of chromium in argillites

The direct atomic-absorption determination of chromium in argillites, without preliminary concentration and separation, has been studied. A map of selective flame zones for determining Cr in argillites has been designed. An express method for determining Cr in Estonian argillites has been suggested.     

Effect of vibration in processes of structure formation in polymers

It was shown that the strength characteristics of the samples produced from thermoplastics (low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, Armamid, and polyethylene terephthalate) increase as a result of short vibration treating with a frequency close to that of natural vibrations of the structural elements.