合成低碳醇超细Mo-Co-K催化剂的TPD研究

近年来 ,Ｍｏ基催化剂由于其独特的耐硫性而在各种合成低碳醇催化剂体系中倍受青睐。许多研究表明 ,以Ｃｏ作为Ｍｏ基催化剂的第二组分可明显改善其催化合成低碳醇的反应性能[1～ 4] 。一般认为 ,Ｋ是这类催化剂通用的促进剂[1,3 ,5,6] 。我们曾经报道[7] ,还原态超细Ｍｏ Ｃｏ Ｋ催化剂具有优良的合成低碳醇性能。同时 ,催化剂的Ｃｏ Ｍｏ比对其合成低碳醇性能具有显著的影响。为了解这种影响的原因 ,本文运用ＴＰＤ技术对此类催化剂进行了研究。催化剂经还原后 ,在催化剂表面即形成了不同的吸附中心[8] 。了解这些不同的吸附中心 ,对于研…     

吸附中间物表面扩散对Pt/Nafion体系氢析出反应影响初步研究

实验表明 ,铂黑粉末 /Nafion复合微电极的析氢超电势比同样面积的平面铂复合微电极为低 .这是由于Nafion膜与平面铂电极或者铂黑粉末形成的Pt/Nation界面之外还存在可供反应中间物扩散及进行复合反应的自由铂表面 ,这些扩散和复合反应降低了Pt/Nafion界面上电化学反应中间物浓度 ,从而降低了氢超电势 ,加速了析氢反应的速度 .     

表面活性剂修饰的CuCoMn催化剂催化合成低碳醇

分别采用阳离子（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB）、阴离子（十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS）、非离子（三嵌段共聚物,P123）三种不同类型的表面活性剂对CuCoMn基催化剂进行改性,利用N2吸脱附、XRD、XPS、IR手段表征了催化剂的微观结构．在生物质基合成气合成高醇中的应用研究结果表明,SDS修饰的CuCoMn催化剂表现出较高的CO转化率（29．7％）,而CTAB修饰的CuCoMn催化剂具有优良的高醇选择性（41．2％）．同时,三种表面活性剂修饰的催化剂均不同程度地提高了高醇产率及其在醇产物中的比例．由于CTAB修饰的催化剂具有孔径最大、形成的CuCoMnO4尖晶石结构结晶度最高、表面金属原子趋于低价态等特点,这些性质与其良好的高醇合成反应性能有关．在金属沉淀阶段加入CTAB得到的催化剂有利于形成高醇产物．     

超细Mo-Co-K催化剂合成低碳醇性能的研究

采用类凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制得超细Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ催化剂。研究了还原态催化剂上ＣＯ加氢合成低碳醇的反应性能,考察了不同钼钴比、钾盐助剂呈和反应条件对合成低碳醇性能的影响,在３００℃、６．０ＭＰａ,１００００ｈ＾－１的反应条件下,超细Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ（Ｍｏ／Ｃｏ＝７：１,Ｋ含量为１％）催化剂上低碳醇的时空产率达到６２４．４ｇ／ｋｇ－ｃａｔ．ｈ,醇选择性与４８．５％,ＯＨ／Ｃ１ＯＨ＝１．０８。     

合成低碳醇超细Mo-Co-K催化剂的制备及其表征

采用类凝胶法和超临界流体干燥技术制备超细Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ催化剂。通过ＢＥＴ,ＴＥＭ,ＸＲＤ和ＴＰＲ等表征手段比较分析了不同制备参数尤其是Ｃｏ／Ｍｏ比对超细Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｋ催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,制得的催化剂为大比表面积、小粒径、大孔超细粒子。     

在铂上四氢呋喃电氧化的吸附中间物的研究

应用电位扫描和电位-时间程序技术, 研究了四氢呋喃在铂电极上和在HClO_4溶液中电催化氧化时的吸附中间物. 结果表明, 在铂表面上存在三种独方形成的吸附中间物. 论证了这些吸附中间物的可能构型及其形成机理。     

碱性溶液中金电极上氧还原中间物研究

应用改进了的旋转全电极上的电势阶跃计时库仑法,分别测定了不同电极电势下氧还原过程中电极吸附中间物和溶解中间物氧化所需的电量,实验证明,在此过程中电极上确有吸附中间物存在,而且是电极电势的函数,但其分子属性尚需进一步鉴别。     

低碳醇合成Raney Cu—Co催化剂的表征

本文采用ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、及Ｈ２－ＴＰＤ技术对不同Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比的几个Ｒａｎｅｙ Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂进行了表征。并与反应醇选择性进行了关联。结果表明：Ｒａｎｅｙ Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂均由不同Ｃｕ／Ｃｏ比的两个Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ固溶体相组成，还原（Ｈ２，５６３Ｋ，２ｈ）前，表面除有Ｃｕ＾０和Ｃｏ＾０外，尚有少量Ｃｕ＾＋１和显著量的Ｃｏ＾＋２存在，还原后，Ｃｕ＾＋１几乎消失，Ｃｏ＾＋２仍有一定量存在，在反应温度下（５６     

ZnCrDyK和ZnCrTbK合成低碳醇催化剂的XPS表征

ＺｎＣｒＤｙＫ和ＺｎＣｒＴｂＫ合成低碳醇催化剂的ＸＰＳ表征安炜，牛玉琴，陈正华（中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所，太原０３０００１）关键词稀土元素，Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ氧化物催化剂，低碳醇，Ｘ射线光电子能谱近年来，稀土氧化物（ＲＥＯ，ＲＥ表示稀土元素）作为助剂或载...     

Ce添加对Cu-Fe/SiO2催化合成气制低碳醇性能的影响

采用共浸渍法制备了添加不同Ce含量（相对于SiO₂的摩尔分数为0-20%）的Ce-Cu-Fe/SiO₂催化剂,在连续流动微型固定床反应器中考察了其催化CO加氢合成低碳醇反应的性能,并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、低温N₂吸附、程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、CO吸附傅里叶变换红外光谱（CO-FTIR）和CO程序升温脱附（CO-TPD）技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表吸:添加适量的Ce,一方面降低了Cu的晶粒大小,提高了Cu的分散度,进而提高了对CO的吸附能力;另一方面掺入的Ce和Cu之间存在相互作用,提高了CO解离和非解离吸附的能力,从而有利于CH_x的生成和CO的插入反应.上述两方面的共同作用同时提高了Cu-Fe/SiO₃催化剂的活性和醇的选择性.当Ce含量为10%时,在压力为3.0 MPa,温度为250℃,空速为6000 mL·g^-1·h^-1和H₂/CO摩尔比为2的反应条件下,Ce-Cu-Fe/SiO₂催化剂上醇的时空产率达到121.0 g·kg^-1·h^-1,比未添加Ce的Cu-Fe/SiO₂催化剂的时空产率(58.0 g·kg^-1·h^-1)提高了一倍以上.     

射频等离子体技术制备合成低碳醇用铜钴基催化剂

采用射频等离子体技术制备了CO加氢合成低碳醇用新型CuCo/ZrO2催化剂, 研究了等离子体气氛氮气、氢气和先氮气后氢气处理对催化剂结构和性能的影响, 并应用BET、XRD、XPS、TG和TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征. 与常规焙烧制得的样品相比, 射频等离子体技术制备的催化剂可有效抑制烃类生成, 提高总醇选择性, 大幅提高反应活性和低碳醇的时空收率. 表征结果显示, 等离子体技术使催化剂前驱体在低温下分解形成活性相, 显著提高了催化剂比表面积, 促进催化剂活性组分晶粒细化并提高其分散度, 催化剂表面的铜含量增加.     

CO加氢合成低碳混合醇催化体系研究新进展

CO加氢合成低碳混合醇是C1化学研究的重要内容之一,近年来低碳混合醇在燃料和化工领域的应用价值逐步凸现,相关研究也受到越来越普遍的关注.本文就CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的催化剂体系、反应机理、合成工艺及应用等方面的最新进展进行了综述.     

Manganese-Catalyzed Sustainable Synthesis of Pyrroles from Alcohols and Amino Alcohols

The development of reactions that convert alcohols into important chemical compounds saves our fossil carbon resources as alcohols can be obtained from indigestible biomass such as lignocellulose. The conservation of our rare noble metals is of similar importance, and their replacement by abundantly available transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, or Co (base or nonprecious metals), in key technologies such as catalysis is a promising option. Herein, we report on the first base-metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alcohols and amino alcohols. The most efficient catalysts are Mn complexes stabilized by PN₅P ligands whereas related Fe and Co complexes are inactive. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions at catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol %, and has a broad scope and attractive functional-group tolerance. These findings may inspire others to use Mn catalysts to replace Ir or Ru complexes in challenging dehydrogenation reactions.     

Ni/K2CO3/MoS2低碳醇催化剂的表面结构和电子效应

制备了不同含量Ni改性的K2CO3/MoS2(ADM)低碳醇催化剂, 通过XRD、BET、XPS等表征技术考察了模型催化剂的表面结构和电子特征, 结果表明在ADM催化剂中Ni助剂主要以Ni-Mo-S配位结构和独立的NiSx两种形式存在. 在nNi/nMo＜1/3时, Ni-Mo-S配位结构为主要存在形式, 催化剂表面Ni含量低于体相. 随着Ni含量的提高, Ni与MoS2配位逐渐饱和, NiSx独立相逐步形成并导致Ni的表面富集, 同时Ni的富集导致ADM催化剂形成富含S和K的表面化学环境. 作为供电子助剂, Ni-Mo-S结构对应于强的电子作用, 而独立NiSx与MoS2之间的电子作用较弱. 随Ni含量的增加Ni与MoS2之间的电子作用呈现由强变弱的规律, 反映了Ni与MoS2配位饱和与独立NiSx相的形成过程.     

Palladium‐Catalyzed Vicinal Amino Alcohols Synthesis from Allyl Amines by In Situ Tether Formation and Carboetherification

Vicinal amino alcohols are important structural motifs of bioactive compounds. Reported herein is an efficient method for their synthesis based on the palladium‐catalyzed oxy‐alkynylation, oxy‐arylation, or oxy‐vinylation of allylic amines. High regio‐ and stereoselectivity were ensured through the in situ formation of a hemiaminal tether using the cheap commercially available trifluoroacetaldehyde in its hemiacetal form. The obtained compounds are important building blocks, which can be orthogonally deprotected to give either free alcohols, amines, or terminal alkynes.     

Effect of Mn Promoter on Structure and Performance of K-Co-Mo Catalyst for Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from CO Hydrogenation

A series of Mn-doped K-Co-Mo catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method. The catalyst structure was well characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ physisorption, NH₃ temperatureprogrammed adsorption, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The catalytic performance for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas was measured. It was found that the Mn-doped catalysts exhibited a much higher activity as compared to the unpromoted catalyst, and in particular the C₂₊ alcohol selectivity increased significantly. The distribution of alcohol products deviated from the Anderson-Schulz-Flory law. The portion of methanol in total alcohol was suppressed remarkably and the ethanol became the predominant product. Characterization results indicated that the incorporation of Mn enhanced the interaction of Co and Mo and thus led to the formation of Co-Mo-O species, which was regarded as the active site for the alcohol synthesis. Secondly, the presence of Mn reduced the amount of strong acid sites significantly and meanwhile promoted the formation of weak acid sites, which had a positive effect on the synthesis of alcohol. Furthermore, it was found that the incorporation of Mn can enhance the adsorption of linear- and bridge-type CO significantly, which contributed to the formation of alcohol and growth of carbon chain and thus increased the selectivity to C₂₊OH.     

Facile Synthesis of Enantiopure Sugar Alcohols: Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Combined

An unprecedented Ir/f‐amphox‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of racemic 2,3‐syn‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐diones is presented involving dynamic kinetic resolution, which produces (1R,2R,3R,4R)‐tetraols. This protocol constitutes an efficient and straightforward approach to accessing sugar alcohols bearing four contiguous stereocenters. The strategy exhibits various advantages over existing methods, including excellent yields (up to 98 %), exceptional stereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr, 99.9 % ee), operational simplicity and substrate generality. Moreover, the nature of the reaction was revealed as a stepwise transformation by in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and isolation of intermediates.