聚氯乙烯负载L-脯氨酸催化不对称Aldol反应的研究

以聚氯乙烯为载体,合成两种负载型催化剂水解聚氯乙烯四乙烯五胺负载L-脯氨酸催化剂(HPTP)和聚氯乙烯四乙烯五胺负载L-脯氨酸催化剂(PTP),催化剂中脯氨酸负载量分别为2.46 mmol/g和1.52 mmol/g。两种催化剂均可实现对不对称Aldol反应的催化,但HPTP的活性和选择性均较PTP的高。HPTP在水中可以催化多种苯甲醛与丙酮的不对称Aldol反应,取得中等的ee值。HPTP经过回收还可以重复利用,显示了较好的性能。在合适的反应条件下,HPTP催化对硝基苯甲醛和丙酮的反应,获得最高75%的产率和39%的ee值。     

离子对负载L-脯氨酸阴离子催化下的不对称Aldol反应

在水相中,通过阴阳离子结合使L-脯氨酸阴离子负载在基于Merrifield树脂的季铵根阳离子上,制备出功能性高分子离子液体.将该体系作为一种高效、可回收的催化剂用于催化醛与酮的不对称Aldol反应.结果表明:该催化体系在微量水中有很好的催化活性和立体选择性,相应的Aldol反应产物获得了6∶94的dr值以及高达98%的ee值,且该催化体系有较好的重复使用性能.     

固载脯氨酸类手性催化剂的制备及在不对称Aldol反应中的催化作用

制备了两种二氧化硅-甲基纤维素-脯氨酸类手性小分子复合催化剂,证明了它们可以在室温下催化不对称Aldol反应.所得产物产率较高,ee值最高能达到86.8%.这些催化剂比较稳定,并具有一定的重复使用的性能.     

氯甲基化聚苯乙烯负载修饰L-脯氨酸催化不对称Aldol反应研究

以氯甲基化聚苯乙烯为载体,分别以氨基胍、三聚氰胺和4,4′-二氨基苯磺酰苯胺(DASA)为连接臂,合成了三种负载修饰L-脯氨酸催化剂,并且将其用于催化不对称Aldol反应,探索了溶剂和底物对其催化性能的影响,并考察了其重复使用性能.结果表明,DASA负载修饰L-脯氨酸催化剂具有较好的催化活性和选择性,相应的最高产率达83%,e.e.值达86%.     

高分子负载的羟基脯氨酸催化丙酮与邻-和对-硝基苯甲醛的不对称直接Aldol加成反应

以4(R)-羟基脯氨酸为原料，合成了高分子负载的脯氨酸衍生物，并用来催化丙酮对邻-和对-硝基苯甲醛的直接不对称Aldol加成反应，ee值最高可达80％，催化剂至少可以重复利用三次．     

Merrifield树脂负载的L-脯氨酰L-苏氨酸二肽催化剂的合成及其对不对称Aldol反应的催化性能

制备了Merrifield树脂负载的L-脯氨酰L-苏氨酸二肽催化剂.将制备的催化剂用于催化直接不对称Aldol反应,并探索了溶剂、表面活性剂、催化剂用量、底物等不同条件对其催化性能的影响.结果表明,该催化剂在Tween-20水溶胶束中有很高的催化活性和较好的立体选择性,Aldol反应中部分产率达到85%以上,e.e.值达到78%,且该催化剂具有一定的重复使用性能.     

壳聚糖负载辛可宁催化剂的制备及其在水中催化不对称Aldol反应（英文）

以丁二酸酐为连接臂,经两步反应制备了壳聚糖负载辛可宁有机催化剂(CTS-SA-CN),并研究了CTS-SA-CN在水体系中对酮与多种芳香醛的直接不对称aldol反应的催化性能.结果表明,在CTS-SA-CN催化下,酮与多种芳香醛发生直接不对称aldol反应,可得到99%的产率和96%的ee值.另外,CTS-SA-CN可通过简单过滤实现回收,重复使用5次活性并没有明显下降.     

壳聚糖负载辛可宁催化剂的制备及其在水中催化不对称Aldol反应

以丁二酸酐为连接臂,经两步反应制备了壳聚糖负载辛可宁有机催化剂(CTS-SA-CN),并研究了CTS-SA-CN在水体系中对酮与多种芳香醛的直接不对称aldol反应的催化性能。结果表明,在CTS-SA-CN催化下,酮与多种芳香醛发生直接不对称aldol反应,可得到99%的产率和96%的ee值。另外, CTS-SA-CN可通过简单过滤实现回收,重复使用5次活性并没有明显下降。     

壳聚糖负载辛可宁催化剂的制备及其在水中催化不对称Aldol反应

以丁二酸酐为连接臂，经两步反应制备了壳聚糖负载辛可宁有机催化剂(CTS-SA-CN)，并研究了CTS-SA-CN在水体系中对酮与多种芳香醛的直接不对称aldol反应的催化性能。结果表明，在CTS-SA-CN催化下，酮与多种芳香醛发生直接不对称aldol反应，可得到99%的产率和96%的ee值。另外， CTS-SA-CN可通过简单过滤实现回收，重复使用5次活性并没有明显下降。     

壳聚糖及其L-脯氨酸衍生物催化的不对称Henry反应

报道了壳聚糖负载L-脯氨酸化合物可以作为一种非均相有机催化剂在多种介质中有效催化多种底物的不对称Henry反应.该催化剂在水及水溶胶束中表现出了比在有机溶剂中更高的催化活性.实验中还意外发现壳聚糖本身对Henry反应也表现出了一定的催化活性,并详细研究了不同条件下壳聚糖的催化性能.同壳聚糖负载L-脯氨酸化合物一样,壳聚糖本身在水和水溶胶束中表现出了比有机溶剂中更高的催化活性,在Span-40水溶胶束中得到了99%的产率和1∶2.2的非对映选择性.     

SBA-15固载脯氨酸催化剂的制备及其在不对称Mannich反应中的应用

以4-羟基-L-脯氨酸为原料合成了脯氨酸衍生物,并将其固载于介孔SBA-15分子筛上制备了Pro/SBA-15催化剂.用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和红外光谱等手段对Pro/SBA-15催化剂进行了表征,并考察了催化剂在不对称Mannich反应中的催化性能.结果表明,固载脯氨酸不影响SBA-15的有序介孔结构,只是其孔径、孔体积和BET比表面积有所减小,在不对称Mannich反应中具有较高的催化活性和对映选择性.与均相催化相比,以对硝基苯甲醛为反应物时可得到较高的分离收率(80%)和中等的对映选择性(ee=60%).催化剂通过简单分离后可重复使用4次以上,其催化性能基本保持不变.     

Catalytic asymmetric 1,4-addition reactions using alpha,beta-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles as highly reactive monodentate alpha,beta-unsaturated ester surrogates

Synthesis and application of alpha,beta-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles as highly reactive, monodentate ester surrogates in the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation and Michael reactions are described. alpha,beta-Unsaturated N-acylpyrroles with various functional groups were synthesized by the Wittig reaction using ylide 2. A Sm(O-i-Pr)(3)/H(8)-BINOL complex was the most effective catalyst for the epoxidation to afford pyrrolyl epoxides in up to 100% yield and >99% ee. Catalyst loading was successfully reduced to as little as 0.02 mol % (substrate/catalyst = 5000). The high turnover frequency and high volumetric productivity of the present reaction are also noteworthy. In addition, a sequential Wittig olefination-catalytic asymmetric epoxidation reaction was developed, providing efficient one-pot access to optically active epoxides from various aldehydes in high yield and ee (96-->99%). In a direct catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of hydroxyketone promoted by the Et(2)Zn/linked-BINOL complex, Michael adducts were obtained in good yield (74-97%), dr (69/31-95/5), and ee (73-95%). This represents the first direct catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of unmodified ketone to an alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative. The properties of alpha,beta-unsaturated N-acylpyrrole are also discussed. Finally, the utility of the N-acylpyrrole unit for further transformations is demonstrated.     

助剂对L-脯氨酸催化直接不对称Aldol反应的影响

在L-脯氨酸催化的芳香醛与丙酮直接不对称aldol反应体系中添加二醇或二酚类助剂可有效提高反应活性.助剂的使用降低了该反应体系中L-脯氨酸的用量.特别是以邻苯二酚为助剂时,最佳反应条件下,仅用5mol％L-脯氨酸与1mol％助剂催化2-硝基苯甲醛与丙酮直接不对称aldol反应,aldol产物产率高达90％,对映选择性为...     

Efficient and practical Ag-catalyzed cycloadditions between arylimines and the Danishefsky diene

An efficient Ag-catalyzed method for asymmetric addition of the Danishefsky diene to various aryl imines to afford cycloadducts in > or =89% ee and > or =85% isolated yield is reported. Reactions are effected with 0.1-1 mol % catalyst (4 degrees C), and the chiral ligand is readily prepared from commercially available materials, including the inexpensive i-Leu. These catalytic asymmetric cycloadditions can be carried out without the use of solvent or with undistilled THF in air. A first generation supported chiral catalyst that effectively promotes the cycloaddition reaction and can be recycled (five cycles) is described.     

Development of new methods toward efficient immobilization of chiral catalysts

BINOL moieties are efficiently immobilized onto the surface of a micelle-derived spherical polymer and a monolayer-protected Au cluster (Au-MPC). Ti-BINOLate complexes generated from the BINOL immobilized polymer and Au-MPC are found to promote catalytic asymmetric alkylation of benzaldehyde with Et₂Zn to afford the adduct in up to 84% ee and 86% ee, respectively. Au-MPC-supported multicomponent asymmetric catalyst was prepared and used in the Michael reaction of 2-cyclohexen-1-one with dibenzyl malonate affording the adduct in up to 67% yield and 98% ee.     

Direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of hydroxyketone using a Et2Zn/linked-BINOL complex: synthesis of either anti- or syn-beta-amino alcohols

Full details of a direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of a hydroxyketone using a Et2Zn/(S,S)-linked-BINOL complex are described. By choosing the proper protective groups on imine nitrogen, either anti- or syn-beta-amino alcohol was obtained in good diastereomeric ratio, yield, and excellent enantiomeric excess using the same zinc catalysis. N-Diphenylphosphinoyl (Dpp) imine 3 gave anti-beta-amino alcohols in anti/syn = up to >98/2, up to >99% yield, and up to >99.5% ee, while Boc-imine 4 gave syn-beta-amino alcohols in anti/syn = up to 5/95, up to >99% yield, and up to >99.5% ee. The high catalyst turnover number (TON) is also noteworthy. Catalyst loading was successfully reduced to 0.02 mol % (TON = up to 4920) for the anti-selective reaction and 0.05 mol % (TON = up to 1760) for the syn-selective reaction. The Et2Zn/(S,S)-linked-BINOL complex exhibited far better TON than in previous reports of catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reactions. Mechanistic studies to clarify the reason for the high catalyst efficiency as well as transformations of Mannich adducts are also described.     

A new chiral phosphine oxide ligand for enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides

A new set of phosphorus-containing chiral ligands has been synthesized and used with silver(I) for the catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides. One of these ligands (POFAM6) was found to produce an effective catalyst for the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine ylides with electron deficient dipolarophiles to form pyrrolidines in up to 97% yield and 89% ee.     

The synthesis of silica-supported chiral BINOL: Application in Ti-catalyzed asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Chiral BINOL was covalently anchored on two different pore sized mesoporous silica (SBA-15 (7.5 nm) and MCF (14 nm)). These heterogenized ligands were used in Ti-catalyzed asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. High catalytic activity with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) for secondary alcohols was achieved using MCF supported chiral BINOL under heterogeneous reaction conditions. Good to excellent enantioselectivity (ee, 68–91%) was also achieved with various small to bulkier aldehydes. The MCF supported catalyst was reused in multiple catalytic runs without loss of enantioselectivity.     

Catalytic enantioselective Reissert-type reaction: development and application to the synthesis of a potent NMDA receptor antagonist (-)-L-689,560 using a solid-supported catalyst.

Full details of the first catalytic enantioselective Reissert-type reaction are described. Utilizing the Lewis acid-Lewis base bifunctional catalyst 5 or 6 (9 mol %), the Reissert products were obtained in 57 to 99% yield with 54 to 96% ee. Electron-rich quinolines produced better yields and enantioselectivities than electron-deficient substrates. Kinetic studies indicated that the reaction should proceed via the rate-determining acyl quinolinium formation, followed by the attack of a cyanide. The catalyst does not facilitate the first rate-determining step; however, it strongly facilitates the second cyanation step. The reaction was successfully applied to an efficient catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a potent NMDA receptor antagonist (-)-L-689,560. A key step is the one-pot process using the Reissert-type reaction from quinoline 1f, followed by stereoselective reduction of the resulting enamine 2f. This step gave the key intermediate 20 in 91% yield with 93% ee, using 1 mol % of 6. The enantiomerically pure target compound was obtained through 10 operations (including recrystallization) in total yield of 47%. Furthermore, 6 was immobilized to JandaJEL, and the resulting solid-supported catalyst 11 afforded 20 in a comparable yield to the homogeneous 6, but with slightly lower enantioselectivity.