水中阴离子表面活性剂的吸附分光光度法测定

研究萘基二苯甲烷与阴离子表面活性剂的缔合反应及缔合物在聚合物颗粒表面的吸附及洗脱 ,提出了碱性艳蓝BO分光光度法测定河水中的阴离子表面活性剂 ;碱性艳蓝BO与十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠的缔合物的表观摩尔吸光系数分别为3.76×104、3.63×104、2.15×104L·mol -1·cm -1 ,方法的线性范围为0.0～2.0mg/L,相对标准偏差3.8% (n=8);应用该法测定河水中阴离子表面活性剂含量 ,结果令人满意     

吸光光度法测定水中微量阴离子表面活性剂

目前用于测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的国标方法是亚甲蓝吸光光度法。该法不仅操作繁琐、准确度差、易受各种共存物的影响 ,而且灵敏度低 ,最低检测浓度仅为 0 .0 5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1,难以满足残留量的测定要求。本文在前人工作的基础上运用Ｃｏ ＰＡＤＡＰ方法进行水中微量阴离子表面活性剂试验 ,最低检测浓度为 0 0 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1,干扰物质少 ,准确度和重现良好。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计Ｃｏ ＰＡＤＡＰ的合成 :称取 5 Ｂｒ ＰＡＤＡＰ 1.0 0 ｇ溶于 30ｍｌ盐酸 (2ｍｏｌ·Ｌ- 1)中 ,加入 50 ｇ·Ｌ- 1ＣｏＣｌ2·6Ｈ2 Ｏ…     

废水中的阴离子表面活性剂的测定

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( CTMAB)、溴甲酚紫 ( BCP)和阴离子表面活性剂三者在 p H 7.0 0的条件下可形成有色离子缔合物 ,据此建立了 CTMAB- BCP分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂的方法。在 75μg CTMAB存在下 ,十二烷基硫酸钠 ( SDS)在 0～ 5 0 μg范围内符合比耳定律 ,其表观摩尔吸光系数是 2 .74× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1·cm- 1,并用标准加入法和主成分回归法不分离干扰可直接测定。应用此方法测定了河水、池塘水和生活污水中的阴离子表面活性剂 (以 SDS计 )并与亚甲蓝法进行比较 ,结果满意     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水体中的阴离子表面活性剂

利用三氯甲烷萃取水体样品中的阴离子表面活性剂，用50mL比色管代替50mL容量瓶对三氯甲烷萃取液进行定容，以亚甲蓝分光光度法进行测定。该方法操作简便，测定阴离子表面活性剂的线性范围为0．150～1．70mg／L，检出限为0．050mg／L，样品加标回收率为89％～98％。     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂含量的方法改进

对亚甲蓝分光光度法(GB 7494—1987)测定水中阴离子表面活性剂含量进行了方法改进。以毒性相对较小的二氯甲烷取代三氯甲烷作为萃取剂,试管取代分液漏斗,利用振荡器进行萃取。结果表明：改进方法的最佳萃取时间为1.5 min,单个样品的分析时间在10 min以内;十二烷基苯磺酸钠标准曲线的线性范围在2.0 mg·L^-1以内,检出限(3s/k)为0.029 7 mg·L^-1;对十二烷基苯磺酸钠标准溶液重复测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于9.0%;对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为95.0%～99.1%。     

离子缔合物-萃取荧光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

在 0 .2 5 mol/L H2 SO4 溶液中 ,罗丹明 B与阴离子表面活性剂形成离子缔合物 ,氯仿萃取后 ,于 5 5 0 nm处激发 ,荧光波长为 60 0 nm,对于十二烷基硫酸钠的线性范围为 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .4mg/L,RSD<2 .6%。方法可用于河水及生活废水中 1 0 -7～ 1 0 -6mol/L 阴离子表面活性剂的测定     

水体中阴离子表面活性剂的光度法测定

在pH7．00的缓冲溶液中,孔雀绿可以与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(DOSO3Na)形成紫色离子缔合物,在582nm处有最大吸收值。据此建立了分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂DOSO3Na的方法,已用于水体样品的测定。     

PNPAR－CTMAB光度法测定水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂

本文研究了对硝基偶氮间苯二酚（ＰＮＰＡＲ）与溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）形成的离子缔合物ＰＮＰＡＲ－ＣＴＭＡＢ作显色剂与阴离子表面活性剂（ＡＳ）的显色反应。发现在ｐＨ１３．０的ＮａＯＨ介质中，ＡＳ能定量置换出ＰＮＰＡＲ－ＣＴＭＡＢ中的ＰＮＰＡＲ，而使其最大吸收波长６３０ｎｍ处吸光度下降。阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）和十二烷基磺酸钠（ＳＤＳ）的ε值分别为３．５×１０￣４，５．８×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），浓度分别在０～８７μｇ／２５ｍＬ，０～６８μｇ／２５ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律。此法应用于环境水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂测定，结果满意。     

溴酚蓝-氯化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中痕量阴离子表面活性剂

本文研究了溴酚蓝(BPB)与氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC),阴离子表面活性剂(AS)与CPC形成缔合物的反应.发现在pH=8.0的NH_3·H_2O-NH_4Cl缓冲溶液中,AS能定量置换出CPC-BPB缔合物中的BPB而显色,其最大吸收在590nm处.阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基本磺酸钠(DBSNa)和十二烷基磺酸钠(DSNa)的ε值分别为2.9 ×10_4和3.2×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).在80μg CPC存在下,DBSNa和DSNa浓度分别在0～80μg/25 ml和0～60μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律.应用此法测定环境水样中的痕量阴离子表面活性剂,结果满意.     

Trace analysis of anionic surfactants in mineral waters and soft drinks by spectrophotometry

The applicability of the extractive spectrophotometric method using Ethyl Violet as the chromogenic reagent for identification and quantification of anionic surfactants in different types of mineralized drinking waters, as well as in some non-alcoholic beverages, was investigated. The matrix-analyte interactions of major water constituents and soft-drink ingredients in the combinations and concentration ranges met in practice were studied individually. The method was evaluated by performing recovery tests on commercial and natural samples, with sodium dodecyl sulphate added as a model surfactant. The recoveries at the 57.6 and 86.4 g/l levels ranged from 98% to 104%.     

Determination of anionic surfactant in surface water by resonance light-scattering technology

A sensitive and rapid method, without any extraction procedure, for the determination of the anionic surfactant expressed in the terms of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) by the resonance light scattering (RLS) technique is described in this paper. In the pH value 3.0 Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer, Victoria blue B (VBB) reacted with SDBS and produced large particles which resulted in the remarkable enhancement of the RLS intensity of VBB. The enhanced RLS intensity of the assay system was proportional to the concentration of SDBS in the range of 0.08–3.0 mg L^–1 and the correlation coefficient was r = 0.9996. The detection limit was 0.013 mg L^–1. This method was applied to determine the anionic surfactant in the surface water samples and satisfactory results were obtained. The reaction mechanism was also studied and the interaction between VBB and SDBS was mainly governed by electrostatic effect and the π–π stacking effect.     

Adsorption of anionic dye by anionic surfactant modified chitosan beads: Influence of hydrophobic tail and ionic head-group

In this paper, how chitosan hydrogel beads were modified by anionic surfactants (SDS, SDOS, SDBS, AOT, and DTM-12) and then used for the adsorption and removal of an anionic dye (congo red) from aqueous solutions were described. The effect of surfactant concentration, surfactant ionic head-group, and surfactant hydrophobic tail were investigated in detail. The result revealed the modified CS beads all had the obviously higher adsorption capacity than CS beads. Compared to the ionic head-group, the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant plays more important role in the adsorption, and a high adsorption capacity was observed for CS/AOT beads and CS/DTM-12 beads (both with two hydrophobic tails). The Sips isotherm model showed a good fit with the equilibrium experimental data, and the values of the heterogeneity factor (n) indicated heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorption kinetics analysis indicated that the pseudo-second-order rate model could better describe the adsorption process than the pseudo-first-order rate model.     

催化动力学光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂

基于在H2SO4介质中,阴离子表面活性剂对高碘酸钠氧化罗丹明B褪色的反应具有较强的催化作用,建立了测定阴离子表面活性剂的催化动力学光度法.本文以十二烷基硫酸钠为标准品进行实验,线性范围为0.08～0.20 mg/L,检出限为0.0193 mg/L.用于水样中阴离子表面活性剂总量的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3%～1.4%,回收率为104%～106%.     

搅拌萃取–分光光度法检测水环境中阴离子表面活性剂

建立搅拌萃取–分光光度法快速检测水环境中阴离子表面活性剂的含量。用三氯甲烷以800~1 200 r/min搅拌萃取水样与亚甲蓝溶液合成的活性物质,搅拌时间为2 min,静置分层后经脱脂棉过滤,待测。阴离子表面活性剂质量浓度在0.050~0.500 mg/L范围内与吸光度线性良好,相关系数大于0.999 0,方法检出限为0.010 mg/L。选择饮用水源水、农村地下水、湖泊水、城市河道水作为研究对象,平行检测结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~6.5%(n=6),加标回收率为91.3%~110%;对标准物质检测结果的相对误差为–2.3%~3.5%,满足实验室分析质量控制要求和现行地表水、地下水质量标准的评价要求。该方法与国标检测方法相比,在准确度、精密度、灵敏度、分析效率及试剂用量方面均有明显优势,具有推广应用价值。     

紫外光谱法测定饮料中的咖啡因含量

建立了一种测定饮料中咖啡因含量的紫外光谱分析法.采用三氯甲烷为萃取剂,控制三氯甲烷与饮料的体积比为8:1,经充分振荡后离心分离,取清液在276 nm处测定紫外吸收光谱,能够满意地测定市售饮料中的咖啡因浓度.分析结果的相对标准偏差小于4%;在饮料中加入不同浓度的咖啡因标准溶液,回收率在94.0%～112.0%之间.     

Aqueous two-phase system of an anionic gemini surfactant and a cationic conventional surfactant mixture

The aqueous two-phase system formed by the mixture of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) with a gemini surfactant O,O′-bis(sodium 2-lauricate)-p-benzenediol (C₁₁pPHCNa) has been studied. Two two-phase regions were observed, one was a wide region in the cationic surfactant-rich side and the other in the vicinity of R = 1:1, where R is the mixing mole ratio of DTAB to C₁₁pPHCNa in global solution. Multi-lamellar vesicles are formed in the concentrated upper phase of cationic surfactant-rich systems and spherical aggregates in the concentrated bottom phase at R = 1:1. The microstructure of the solution and the phase behavior of the aqueous two-phase system strongly depended on the total concentration and the composition of the system.     

Voltammetric determination of malachite green in fish samples based on the enhancement effect of anionic surfactant

In this work, an electrochemical method for the determination of malachite green was developed on the basis of enhancement effect of an anionic surfactant: sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. It is found that the oxidation peak current of malachite green at carbon paste electrode significantly increases in the presence of low concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in pH 6.5 phosphate buffer, suggesting that sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate shows obvious enhancement effect for the determination of malachite green. The experimental parameters, such as supporting electrolyte, kind of surfactant, concentration of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and accumulation time, were optimized, and then a sensitive and convenient electrochemical method was proposed for the determination of malachite green. The oxidation peak current is proportional to the concentration of malachite green over the range from 8.0 × 10⁻⁹ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol l⁻¹, and the detection limit is 4.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol l⁻¹ after 5 min of accumulation. Finally, this new method was successfully employed to detect malachite green in fish samples. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 8, pp. 1019–1024. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

New anionic gemini surfactant based on EDTA accessible by convenient synthesis

A straightforward, broadly applicable synthetic strategy to anionic dimeric (“gemini”) surfactants is demonstrated, reacting ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) dianhydride with fatty amines. Characteristic surfactant properties in water are examined for the model compound based on N-methyldodecylamine. The new dimeric surfactant exhibits a low value for the critical micellization concentration (cmc < 10⁻⁴ mM), low surface tension at the cmc, and an enhanced solubilization capacity in comparison with a monomeric reference surfactant, sodium laurate. In particular, solutions of the gemini surfactant are remarkably stable in hard water, compared to conventional carboxylate surfactants.     

Preparation of processable polyaniline doped and complexed with anionic surfactant

Processable polyaniline doped and complexed with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid was obtained by one-step micellar chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. Homogeneous transparent suspension could be made by dispersing processable polyaniline in m-cresol without any precipitation. Polyaniline composite film blended with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exhibits relatively high levels of conductivity at low volume fractions of the polyaniline, while keeping good mechanical properties, equivalent to those of the PMMA. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.