Promotion Systems and Organizational Performance: A Contingency Model

This study explores the organizational impact of a variety of important promotion systems commonly practiced in organizations including up-or-out systems, absolute merit-based systems, relative merit-based systems, and seniority-based systems. Through the computer simulation of organizations in a distributed decision making setting, the results indicate that the effectiveness of any promotion system is dependent on a range of factors including the nature of the task environment, the design of the organizational structure, the frequency of monitoring, the criteria of performance, and the transferability of task knowledge. This study has implications not only for understanding organizational promotion systems from the contingency perspective, but also for bridging the fields of strategic human resource management and computational organization theory.     

Performance of Organizational Design Models and Their Impact on Organization Learning

The performance of various organizational structures is an essential parameter in the reengineering of organizations, particularly in the current rapidly changing, competitive and information technology-dependent environment. This situation has generally resulted in a smaller workforce confronted with voluminous information-processing requirements. Naturally, the focus has been on the design of organzations that will support effective and efficient learning processes. This specific study is on the contingency modely by Ouksel et al. (1997) on the impact of organizational structure on organizational learning and performance. It expands the empirical evaluation of the model to test its robustness. This is done by conducting extensive simulations with (a) a larger number of variables in the decision tasks, and (b) a larger set of numbers for each of the numeric variables, than has been used in the past. Overall, the validity of previous results achieved has been confirmed, but the selection of the most appropriate design, that which will indeed improve learning, is even more nuanced than past studies have concluded.     

The Effect of Organizational Communication Media on Organizational Culture and Performance: An Agent-Based Simulation Model

This paper examines the mutual relationship between the communication richness of media used for conducting organizational communication and organizational culture. The richness of the media influences how well the organization might maintain its culture. On the other hand, a strong organizational culture allows a more effective use of the media by providing members with some of the necessary common ground to better understand the information exchanged. These relationships are investigated using an agent-based simulation model (ABM). Our ABM incorporates many partial theories into a coherent and fully defined model, which helps formalize and integrate those theories. Our model allows us to analyze non-linearities and interaction effects, which are difficult to investigate using other techniques. Additionally, the ABM allows us to investigate the dynamics of the phenomenon and generate hypotheses that could then be tested using empirical studies. Given the substantial resources necessary to conduct empirical studies, we think that the present ABM is valuable in helping guide data collection efforts. In this paper, we present results that show that organizational culture can influence the effectiveness of the media used for organizational communication and that a high media richness can help maintain and stabilize a culture. The effect of media richness on organizational culture depends on the initial strength of the culture. In general, for a given richness of the media, an initially strong culture stabilizes faster and becomes stronger through time than an initially weak culture. Additionally, the model suggests that a stable network of contacts among agents fosters a high achievement of organizational tasks. Conversely, when agents are forced to establish contacts with agents outside the usual network for doing their work, the accomplishment of tasks decreases.     

A System Dynamics Model of Planned Organizational Change

This paper suggests that an induction of change program leads to atemporary impairment of organizational performance. A System Dynamics Modelportrays the process of planned organizational change. A set of keyvariables that facilitate or impede change is identified, quantified, andintegrated into the model. Three data sets, reproduced by simulation,demonstrate that the model is internally consistent and empiricallyadequate. The paper discusses theoretical and practical implications of theinitial dip phenomenon in processes of planned change.     

电子商务信息系统安全管理体系PRS-ISMS的研究

信息是电子商务至关重要的资产,电子商务的正常运转必须建立在安全的信息系统之上,因而电子商务信息系统安全问题成为人们日益关注的重点.根据电子商务信息系统特点,从信息系统过程(Process)、资源(Resource)和安全目标(Security)三个视角分析了电子商务信息安全风险的要素及其关系,构建了三维信息系统安全管理体系模型PRS-ISMS,提出了改进的信息安全风险管理过程PRS-PDCA.     

组织学习能力的个性优势识别与评价研究

组织学习能力是个多维概念,定期识别在哪个维度上具备个性优势并在此基础上对组织学习能力状况做出评价将有利于促进组织绩效的提升。本文按照目标规划的思想,依据2-范数距离,提出一种组织学习能力的个性优势识别方法,该方法从尊重每一位被评价者的意见出发识别其个性优势特征,并在此基础上给出综合评价结论。在此基础上以国内某大型软件企业的20个事业部为例进行了应用研究,组织学习能力由发现能力、发明能力、选择能力、执行能力、推广能力、反思能力、获取知识能力、输出知识能力、建立知识库能力九个维度组成。研究结果表明,基于个性优势识别的组织学习能力评价方法符合“人本管理”思想,易于被评价主体接受,且具有客观性的特点,同时可以产生标杆效应。     

基于多Agent仿真的双元创新平衡与组织绩效关系研究

运用多主体仿真方法,探讨了双元创新平衡对组织绩效的作用机理,并且检验了个体间模仿学习速度、任务复杂度、人员流动、环境扰动等情境因素与双元创新平衡对组织绩效的交互影响。仿真实验的结果表明,当组织处于稳定环境下,任务复杂程度适中,并且个体间模仿学习速度中等时,双元创新平衡参数与组织绩效间呈现倒U型的影响关系;当任务过于复杂或者过于简单时,任务本身的特性削弱了双元创新平衡参数对组织绩效的影响,不同平衡模式对应的组织绩效没有明显的差距;当个体间模仿学习速度比较慢时,增强了组织的探索性,此时具有利用式创新倾向的组织可以更好地提升组织绩效水平。但当个体间模仿学习速度过快时,组织更多的倾向探索式创新对组织绩效的提升更有利;当组织存在人员流动和外部环境扰动时,更多的利用式创新可以提升组织对现有知识进行重组和整合的能力,从而更好地适应环境的动态变化。     

A Model to Evaluate the Effect of Organizational Adaptation

When an organization's output declines due to either internal changes or changes in its external environment, it needs to adapt. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different adaptation strategies on organizational performance, an organizational model composed of individual models of a five stage interacting decision maker was designed using an object oriented design approach and implemented as a Colored Petri net. The concept of entropy is used to calculate the total activity value, a surrogate for decision maker workload, based on the functional partition and the adaptation strategy being implemented. The individual decision maker's total activity is monitored, as overloaded decision makers constrain organizational performance. A virtual experiment was conducted; organizations implementing local and global adaptation strategies were compared to a control organization with no adaptation. The level of tolerance of the organization, the workload limit based on the concept of the bounded rationality constraint, was used to determined when a decision maker was overloaded: the limiting effect of the workload on performance. The timeliness of the organization's response was used in order to evaluate organizational output as a function of adaptation strategy.     

驾驶者行为选择对十字路口通行能力的影响

考虑通过十字路口时左转车辆和直行车辆发生路权冲突时的不同驾驶者行为,将驾驶者分为跟随型驾驶者和谦让型驾驶者,并建立了左转车辆通过十字路口的模型,研究不同的驾驶者行为选择对十字路口通行能力的影响。结果表明,随着交通流量逐渐增加,驾驶者的行为越趋向于跟随时,十字路口的通行能力将会急剧降低;而当驾驶者的行为趋向于谦让时,十字路口的通行能力甚至优于有交警指挥的情形。该结果很好地解释了在行车高峰期中国十字路口堵塞的原因,即驾驶者的行为选择,可以通过改变驾驶者的行为选择和在交通流量达到一定的饱和度时派出交警来改善十字路口的通行能力。     

零售商信息分享对双渠道绿色供应链绩效影响研究

研究了零售商市场需求预测信息分享对双渠道绿色供应链绩效的影响。运用不完全信息动态博弈方法建立并求解零售商信息分享和信息不分享下的绿色供应链决策模型,得到贝叶斯均衡解和各方最优期望利润。研究发现:在双渠道绿色供应链中,若零售商对市场需求预测较为乐观,信息分享使得制造商更有动机提高产品绿色度;此外零售商信息分享总是有利于制造商利润增加,但并非总是使得零售商利润损失。当制造商绿色投资效率较高时,信息分享使得零售商利润增加,反之,信息分享使得零售商利润降低。对整个绿色供应链利润的影响取决于渠道间竞争强度、直销渠道市场份额及制造商绿色投资效率。最后用数值仿真验证了模型和结论的有效性。     

组织文化的演进及其对企业绩效的影响

化作为维持竞争优势的一个源泉，对于企业绩效有着重要的影响作用。本在回顾组织化理论研究演进过程的基础上，探讨了组织化的理论基础，同时分析组织化对企业绩效的影响，分析加强了我们对于企业如何获得良好绩效的理解，奠定了企业取得成功的基础。     

The Sperner Capacity of Linear and Nonlinear Codes for the Cyclic Triangle

Shannon introduced the concept of zero-error capacity of a discrete memoryless channel. The channel determines an undirected graph on the symbol alphabet, where adjacency means that symbols cannot be confused at the receiver. The zero-error or Shannon capacity is an invariant of this graph. Gargano, Körner, and Vaccaro have recently extended the concept of Shannon capacity to directed graphs. Their generalization of Shannon capacity is called Sperner capacity. We resolve a problem posed by these authors by giving the first example (the two orientations of the triangle) of a graph where the Sperner capacity depends on the orientations of the edges. Sperner capacity seems to be achieved by nonlinear codes, whereas Shannon capacity seems to be attainable by linear codes. In particular, linear codes do not achieve Sperner capacity for the cyclic triangle. We use Fourier analysis or linear programming to obtain the best upper bounds for linear codes. The bounds for unrestricted codes are obtained from rank arguments, eigenvalue interlacing inequalities and polynomial algebra. The statement of the cyclic q-gon problem is very simple: what is the maximum size N _q(n) of a subset S _n of {0, 1, \(\ldots\) , q?1} ⁿ with the property that for every pair of distinct vectors x = (x _i), y = (y _i) \(\in \) S _n, we have x _j ?y _j ≡ 1(mod q) for some j? For q = 3 (the cyclic triangle), we show N ₃(n)?2 ⁿ . If however S _n is a subgroup, then we give a simple proof that \(\left| {S_n } \right| \leqslant \sqrt 3 ^n \) .     

信息比率及其在基金绩效评价中的应用

信息比率是证券投资基金绩效评价的一种得力工具 .介绍了信息比率的计算方法 ,解释了信息比率的含义 ,研究了信息比率与夏普比率之间的关系 ,分析了超额收益率统计显著性检验与信息比率统计显著性之间的联系 ,指出了利用信息比率进行基金绩效评价时需要注意的事项 .     

产能分享对设备制造商和用户企业的影响研究

本文建立Stackelberg博弈模型比较了传统制造模式与产能分享模式下设备制造商和设备用户企业的利润,发现设备用户企业总是从产能分享模式中受益,但是订单需求增量不同的企业受益大小不同;平台制定的设备租赁价格对设备制造商的利润和设备用户企业的购买决策都将产生影响,对于任意固定价格的设备,平台的制定的最优租赁价格是唯一的,并且平台的最优利润是设备价格的倒U型函数;产能分享业务的出现对设备制造商产生了损益影响,当平台采取最优的定价策略时,价格相对比较高的设备的购买需求增加,设备制造商从产能分享业务中受益,价格相对比较低的设备的购买需求降低,设备制造商在产能分享业务中利益受损。最后通过算例分析对上述结果进行了验证。     

分布式数据流处理系统管理中负载均衡问题建模与求解

对分布式数据流处理系统管理中,处理节点负载均衡问题进行了研究。阐述了分布式数据流处理系统的运行机理以及节点负载不均衡的成因,并提出了对系统负载均衡调整的优化方案;对提出的优化方案建立模型,并对模型的适用条件进行理论分析;然后采用蚁群算法对模型进行求解,并针对分布式数据流处理系统实时性的需求对算法进行改进;最后用实验证明本文所建立的模型及其求解方法对于解决分布式数据流处理系统管理中节点负载均衡问题的有效性。     

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This paper establish a first passage time model based on the Merton's structural model by using the method of geometric Brownian motion. In this paper, we consider the accounting noise and historical default record and then introduce a new incomplete information hypothesis. Besides, we introduce the stock's liquidity value into the model, and apply its method measurement which based on Merton's structural model to the first passage time model to obtain the endogenous default boundary. Based on the incomplete information, the conditional default probability is derived by using the default boundary. And at the last of this passage, we analysis the effect of the correlation between stock's price and company assets on the default probability.     

基于吸收能力的企业合作研发的动态模型

竞争还是合作,是企业研发投资时所面临的选择,本文应用最优控制论建立了一个考虑吸收能力的企业合作研发的动态模型,分析了双寡头垄断企业在竞争和合作两种情况下的均衡研发投资,并与D＇aspremont ＆ J＇aquemin的静态模型的结果进行了比较.     

电子政务系统中面向公众的个性化信息服务模型

电子政务作为Internet的主要应用领域，已受到世界各国的普遍关注。面对公众各种服务需求日趋个性化，如何打破政府职能机构的条块分割，构建一个一体化的虚拟政府，集成各类信息资源，为公众提供“一站式”的、个性化的服务，是当前电子政务理论和实践的热点课题。本文首先提出一个面向公众的“一站式”服务总体框架；其次，将个性化信息服务的概念引入到电子政务系统中，构建一个个性化信息服务模型；最后，运用数据挖掘技术对模型中的关键技术加以实现。     

制造网络中信息系统能力对中小企业间知识共享的影响研究

针对制造网络,从能力视角,研究信息系统集成能力、业务覆盖能力、区域连接能力、人力资源能力和信息系统支持的无形资产能力对中小企业间知识共享的影响.对河北省和天津市近10家具有"电子合作"特征的中小制造企业进行调研,收回有效问卷163份,采用SPSS12.0进行数据分析.结果显示:信息系统集成能力对企业间知识共享的影响程度最大,其次是区域连接能力,再次是人力资源能力,而无形资产能力和业务覆盖能力对企业间知识共享没有显著影响.为管理者构建面向企业间知识共享的信息系统提供参考.