ConCm±(n=1-5; m=1,2)团簇的密度泛函理论研究

本文采用基于自旋极化的密度泛函理论系统研究了Co_nC_m^± (n=1-5; m=1,2)团簇的几何结构和电子结构特性. 将Co_nC^± (n=2-5)团簇中的一个Co替换为C原子, 个体的基态几何结构发生明显变化; 在Co_nC₂^± (n=1-5)团簇的生长序列中, 发现从n=3开始团簇中的两个C原子有彼此分离分布的趋势, 我们分析, 这是Co金属能够维持单壁碳纳米管(SCNTs)保持开口生长, 成为非常有效的一种催化剂的重要原因. 同时, 将Co_nC^± (n=2-5)团簇中添加一个Co原子后系统的总磁矩出现大幅下降的趋势, 但仍保持奇偶交替的规律. 通过比较中性及带电的Co_nC以及Co_nC₂ (n=1-5)团簇的碎裂能, 本工作发现: 由实验获取的SCNTs应均为带正电的体系, 这一结论与已有的实验模型拟合得很好.     

Wn(n=3—27)原子团簇结构的第一性原理计算

使用密度泛函理论下的第一性原理方法，对W_n原子团簇(n=3—27)的结构特性进行了理论计算. 得到了W_n团簇(n=3—7)的最低能量结构和(n=8—27)的局域能量极小的典型结构. 使用凝胶模型，提出的电子组态1s²1p⁶1d¹⁰2s²1f¹⁴2p⁶3s     

第一性原理计算ZrnFe(n=2—13)团簇的基态结构及其磁性

从第一性原理出发，利用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对Zr_nFe(n=2—13)团簇进行了结构优化、能量和频率计算.在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下，对每一具体尺寸的团簇，得到了多个平衡构型，并根据能量高低确定了团簇的基态结构.综合团簇的结合能、二阶能量差分以及团簇的最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙可知Zr₅Fe，Zr₇Fe和Zr₁₂Fe团簇的稳定性相对较高，Zr₁₂Fe团簇的结构是具有I_h对称性的正二十面体，而且Zr₁₂Fe的稳定性在所有团簇中是最高的.另外，不仅Zr₅Fe，Zr₇Fe和Zr₁₂Fe团簇的稳定性相对较高，而且它们均为磁性团簇(而Zr_n团簇的磁矩在n≥5时已经发生了淬灭)，由此可知通过选择合适的掺杂元素可能得到高稳定的磁性团簇.从Mulliken布居分析结果可知，除了在Zr₁₂Fe团簇中Fe原子失去少量电荷外，其他团簇中Fe原子均从Zr原子那里得到了一定量电荷，即Fe原子在Zr_nFe(n=2—13，n≠12)团簇中是电子受体.     

NaBn(n=1—9)团簇的几何结构和电子性质

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)中B3LYP方法在6-311+G(d)水平上计算并分析了 NaB_n(n=1—9)团簇的几何结构及电子性质. 同时, 讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分和极化率.研究表明:NaB_n(n=1—9) 团簇基态绝大多数为平面构型. 能级间隙和二阶能量差分结果表明NaB₃与NaB₅是幻数团簇. 另外, 对平均线性极化率和极化率的各向异性不变量研究表明基态NaB_n团簇的电子结构随B原子的增加虽然趋于紧凑, 但尚未形成特定的堆积方式.     

密度泛函理论对ZrnPd团簇结构和性质的研究

用B3LYP/LANL2DZ方法对Zr_nPd(n =1—13)团簇的平衡几何结构、能量、频率、电子性质和磁性进行了计算.研究表明,Pd原子位于表面的异构体更为稳定,其中Zr₇Pd,Zr₁₂Pd团簇稳定性高,是幻数团簇,此外,相对于Zr_nCo与Zr_nFe团簇,Zr_nPd团簇参与化学反应的能力较弱,化学稳定性更     

AuCn-/0 (n=3-8)的负离子光电能谱和密度泛函理论研究：电子结合能和几何结构的奇偶效应

本文测量了AuC_n^- (n=3-8)的光电子能谱,并且对AuC_n^-/0 (n=3-8)的结构和性质进行了理论研究. 研究发现,AuC_n^-的光电子能谱表现出明显的奇偶交替变化,AuC₃^-、AuC₅^-、AuC₇^-的光电子能谱峰明显宽于AuC₄^-、AuC₆^-、AuC₈^-的光电子能谱峰,AuC₃^-、AuC₅^-、AuC₇^-的电子垂直脱附能低于AuC₄^-、AuC₆^-、AuC₈^-的电子垂直脱附能. AuC_n^- (n=3-8)的最稳定结构是链状结构. 在中性团簇AuC_n(n=3-8)中,除了AuC$₃和AuC₅的结构轻微弯曲外,其他团簇均是直线型结构. 理论计算的∠AuCC角度,Au-C键长和Au原子的电荷分布均呈现奇偶变化,与实验观测一致.     

Au2Gen-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇结构演化和电子性质的光电子能谱和理论计算研究

本文利用尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱和理论计算探索Au₂Ge_n^-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇的结构演化和电子性质. 通过比较理论模拟谱与实验谱,并使用CCSD(T)理论方法计算异构体的相对能量,从而确定金锗混合团簇的全局最小结构. 本文发现Au₂Ge_n^-/0 (n=1∽8)团簇的两个Au原子具有较高的配位数和较弱的亲金相互作用. 负离子团簇和中性团簇的最稳定结构分别处于自旋双重态和自旋单重态. 除了Au₂Ge₄^-/0和Au₂Ge₅^-/0,负离子团簇和中性团簇的全局最小结构具有相似的结构特点. Au₂Ge₁^-/0团簇是一个C_2v对称的V形结构,而Au₂Ge₂^-/0团簇是一个C_2v对称的双桥连结构. Au₂Ge₁^-负离子团簇是两个Au原子盖帽的Ge₄四面体结构,而Au₂Ge₄中性团簇是两个Au原子盖帽的Ge₄菱形结构. Au₂Ge_5∽8^-/0团簇主要采用三棱柱、四棱柱、及五棱柱结构. Au₂Ge₆是一个C_2v对称的四棱柱结构,并表现出σ和π双键性质.     

AlnC4-/0(n=2∽4)团簇的结构和成键性质: 光电子能谱和理论计算

本文采用尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱与高精度理论计算,对Al_nC₄^-/0(n=2∽4))团簇的结构和成键性质进行了研究. Al₂C₄^-团簇负离子的最稳定结构是一个C_2v对称的平面结构,其中两个C₂单元与两个铝原子分别相连. Al₂C₄^-团簇负离子的次稳定结构是一个线型结构,两个铝原子位于C₄线型结构两端,能量仅比最稳定结构高0.05 eV. 中性Al₂C₄团簇是一个线型结构. Al₃C₄^-团簇负离子是一个平面结构,其中三个铝原子分别与两个C₂单元相连. 而中性Al₃C₄团簇则是一个V字型结构. Al₄C₄^-团簇负离子和中性Al₄C₄团簇均为C_2h对称的平面结构,四个铝原子分别位于两个C₂单元的末端. Al_nC₄^-/0(n=2∽4))团簇负离子的自适应自然密度配分的分析结果表明这些团簇中铝原子与C₂单元之间的化学键具有σ和π键特征.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Mn-doped (MgO)n (n=2～10) Clusters

利用密度泛函理论方法优化了纯的和M_n原子掺杂的(MgO)_n (n=2～10)团簇的几何结构. 在Mn原子掺杂的氧化镁结构中, 获得了一系列的同分异构体和与之相对应的总能量.MnMg_n-1O_n(n=2～10)的几何构型显示Mn原子优先取代低配位的Mg原子. 结构稳定性分析表明,除了(MgO)₁₀团簇外,其它纯的和掺杂结构的平均结合能均随着团簇的增大而增强. MnMg_n-1O_n团簇的二阶能量差结果表明MnMg₅O₆和MnMg₈O₉比相邻的团簇表现出更高的相对稳定性. 除了MnMgO₂团簇的磁矩为3.00 μB外,其它掺杂结构的磁矩均为5 μB左右. 它们的磁性主要受电荷转移大小、原子在结构中的位置以及结构尺寸所影响.     

小尺寸VmOn+团簇的激光光解和密度泛函计算

通过激光溅射法产生了V₂O_n⁺ (n=1, 2), V₃O_n⁺ (n=1, 2, 3)和V₄O₃⁺等缺氧的钒氧团簇,并采用532和266 nm波长的激光对它们进行了光解研究. 利用密度泛函理论计算与激光光解实验相结合确定了这些团簇的几何结构和可能的光解通道. 激光光解实验表明V相似文献   

第一性原理对GenB(n=12—19)团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质的研究

利用第一性原理在广义梯度近似下，研究了Ge_nB(n=12—19)团簇的结构和电子性质. 结果表明：Ge_nB(n=12—19)团簇具有较大的能隙;这些团簇的最低能量结构包含有Ge₉或Ge₁₀结构单元；B原子嵌套在Ge_n团簇中和B原子替代Ge_n+1团簇的Ge原子是构成Ge_{n 关键词： n}B团簇')" href="#">Ge_nB团簇 最低能量结构 电子性质     

Theoretical investigation of selected hydrogenated germanium clusters (Ge5Hn,n = 0–12) from density functional theory calculations

ABSTRACT

We reported the selected hydrogen absorption of Ge₅H_n isomers and their Ge₅H_n^? anions in the size range of n?=?0–12 for the first time by B3LYP, BPW91, BHandHLYP and BP86 methods in combination with 6-311++G** basis sets. The optimum geometrical structure, relative stability, electronic properties and dissociation behaviour of Ge₅H_n (n?=?0–12) cluster and their Ge₅H_n^? anions were systematically analysed by a series of methods and can be applied to the study of more complex cluster systems. H bridged structure and double H bridged structures were found in the size range of n?=?1–6 in neutral clusters and corresponding anion with triangular bipyramidal framework of Ge₅. The visible odd-even oscillations were observed in the study of change rules with increasing size from the Δ₂E(n), H-dissociation energy (De), HOMO–LUMO band-gap (E_gap) and electron affinity (EA) energy. This conclusion indicated that Ge₅H_n clusters with even H atoms were more stable than clusters with odd H atoms. The infrared spectra of the Ge₅H_n (n?=?0–12) clusters were also simulated which will further stimulate study on germanium-based nanomaterials.     

Structural and bonding properties of ScSi_n~-(n=2～6) clusters:photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations

Anion ion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) are used to investigate the electronic and structural properties of ScSi_n^- (n=2sim6) clusters and their neutrals. We find that the structures of ScSi_n^- are similar to those of Si_n+1^-. The most stable isomers of ScSi_n^- cluster anions and their neutrals are similar for n=2, 3 and 5 but different for n=4 and 6, indicating that the charge effect on geometry is size dependent for small scandium-silicon clusters. The low electron binding energy (EBE) tails observed in the spectra of ScSi_4,6^- can be explained by the existence of less stable isomers. A comparison between ScSi_n^- and VSi_n^- clusters shows the effects of metal size and electron configuration on cluster geometries.     

A comparative study on geometries,stabilities, and electronic properties between bimetallic AgnX（X=Au,Cu;n=1-8）and pure silver clusters

Using the meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA) exchange correlation TPSS functional, the geo- metric structures, the relative stabilities, and the electronic properties of bimetallic Ag n X (X=Au, Cu; n=1–8) clusters are systematically investigated and compared with those of pure silver clusters. The optimized structures show that the transition point from preferentially planar to three-dimensional structure occurs at n = 6 for the Ag n Au clusters, and at n = 5 for Ag n Cu clusters. For different-sized Ag n X clusters, one X (X=Au or Cu) atom substituted Ag n+1 structure is a dominant growth pattern. The calculated fragmentation energies, second-order differences in energies, and the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gaps show interesting odd–even oscillation behaviours, indicating that Ag 2,4,6,8 and Ag 1,3,5,7 X (X=Au, Cu) clusters keep high stabilities in comparison with their neighbouring clusters. The natural population analysis reveals that the charges transfer from the Ag n host to the impurity atom except for the Ag 2 Cu cluster. Moreover, vertical ionization potential (VIP), vertical electronic affinity (VEA), and chemical hardness (η) are discussed and compared in depth. The same odd–even oscillations are found for the VIP and η of the Ag n X (X=Au, Cu; n=1–8) clusters.     

Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Mn, Co, Ni in Gen for (n=1-13)

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of TMGe_n (TM=Mn, Co, Ni; n=1-13) have been investigated using spin polarized density functional theory. The transition metal (TM) atom prefers to occupy surface positions for n<9 and endohedral positions for n≥9. The critical size of the cluster to form endohedral complexes is at n=9, 10 and 11 for Mn, Co and Ni respectively. The binding energy of TMGe_n clusters increases with increase in cluster size. The Ni doped Ge_n clusters have shown higher stability as compared to Mn and Co doped Ge_n clusters. The HOMO-LUMO gap for spin up and down electronic states of Ge_n clusters is found to change significantly on TM doping. The magnetic moment in TMGe_n is introduced due to the presence of TM. The magnetic moment is mainly localized at the TM site and neighbouring Ge atoms. The magnetic moment is quenched in NiGe_n clusters for all n except for n=2, 4 and 8.     

Structure and stability of small zinc oxide clusters

The structure and stability of small neutral and positively charged zinc oxide (ZnO) _n clusters (n = 2−9) have been studied within the density functional theory. For n ≤ 7, the most stable clusters are shown to be flat rings; for n = 8, 9, the clusters are mainly three-dimensional cage structures. The energies and main channels of fragmentation of the clusters have been determined. It has been found that the fragmentation of the charged clusters with n > 6 occurs predominantly with formation of a (ZnO)₄⁺ ion, which explains the available mass spectrometric data on ionization of the zinc oxide clusters by electron impact.     

密度泛函理论计算GenFe(n=1—8)团簇的基态结构及其磁性

基于第一性原理，利用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似 (GGA)对Ge_nFe(n=1—8)团簇进行了结构优化、能量及频率的计算，得到了 Ge_nFe(n=1—8)团簇在不同自旋多重度下的平衡构型及其基态结构.结果表明：Ge_nFe混合团簇的平均结合能明显比相应纯锗团簇的平均结合能有所增大，即掺杂Fe原子可以提高锗团簇的稳定性；纯锗团簇的基态除了Ge₂为自旋三重态外其他均为单重态，而混合团簇Ge_nFe(n=1—8)的基态均为自旋三重态；对Ge_nFe(n=1—8)团簇的磁性做了较系统的研究，发现团簇总磁矩随团簇尺寸增大基本稳定在2μ_B (只有Ge₈Fe的总磁矩2.391μ_B较明显地偏离了2μ_B)，另外团簇中Fe原子的磁矩在2.5μ_B左右振荡. 关键词： nFe团簇')" href="#">Ge_nFe团簇 密度泛函理论(DFT) 自旋多重度 磁矩     

ConC3-/0和ConC4-/0(n=1~4)团簇的结构和电子特性:尺寸选择的负离子光电子能谱和密度泛函理论研究

We investigated the structural evolution and electronic properties of Co_nC₃^-/0 and Co_nC₄^-/0 (n=1-4) clusters by using mass-selected photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The adiabatic and vertical detachment energies of Co_1-4C₃^- and Co_1-4C₄^- were obtained from their photoelectron spectra. By comparing the theoretical results with the experimental data, the global minimum structures were determined. The results indicate that the carbon atoms of Co_nC₃^-/0 and Co_nC₄^-/0 (n=1-4) are separated from each other gradually with increasing number of cobalt atoms but a C₂ unit still remains at n=4. It is interesting that the Co₂C₃^- and Co₂C₄^- anions have planar structures whereas the neutral Co₂C₃ and Co₂C₄ have linear structures with the Co atoms at two ends. The Co₃C₃^- anion has a planar structure with a Co₂C₂ four-membered ring and a Co₃C four-membered ring sharing a Co-Co bond, while the neutral Co₃C₃ is a three-dimensional structure with a C₂ unit and a C atom connecting to two faces of the Co₃ triangle.     

The relativistic density functional investigations on geometries, electronic and magnetic properties of Irn (n=1-13) clusters

<正>The Ir_n(n=1-13) clusters are studied using the relativistic density functional method with generalized gradient approximation.A series of low-lying structures with different spin multiplicities have been considered.It is found that all the lowest-energy Ir_n(n=4-13) geometries prefer non-compact structures rather than compact structure growth pattern.And the cube structure is a very stable cell for the lowest-energy Ir_n(n8) clusters.The second-order difference of energy,the vertical ionization potentials,the electron affinities and the atomic average magnetic moments for the lowest-energy Ir_n geometries all show odd-even alternative behaviours.     

Structures and electronic properties of Mo2nNn（n=1-5）:a density functional study

The lowest-energy structures and the electronic properties of Mo2nNn(n=1-5) clusters have been studied by using the density functional theory(DFT) simulating package DMol 3 in the generalized gradient approximation(GGA).The resulting equilibrium geometries show that the lowest-energy structures are dominated by central cores which correspond to the ground states of Mo n(n = 2,4,6,8,10) clusters and nitrogen atoms which surround these cores.The average binding energy,the adiabatic electron affinity(AEA),the vertical electron affinity(VEA),the adiabatic ionization potential(AIP) and the vertical ionization potential(VIP) of Mo2nNn(n=1-5) clusters have been estimated.The HOMO-LUMO gaps reveal that the clusters have strong chemical activities.An analysis of Mulliken charge distribution shows that charge-transfer moves from Mo atoms to N atoms and increases with cluster size.