微波脱磺-气相色谱法测定直链烷基苯磺酸钠的平均相对分子质量

在气相色谱法测定直链烷基苯磺酸钠的平均相对分子质量中,采用微波加热脱磺预处理方法,试样置于盛有磷酸的密闭聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)消解罐中,在微波消解系统中先在150℃加热10 min,随后在180℃加热5 min,微波消解系统的输出功率为300 W.试验证明,与GB/T5178-1985中所述的热裂解脱磺法相比较,微波脱磺法在操作简单,处理耗时少及保证结果的准确可靠等方面显示其突出优点.在气相色谱测定中采用了HP-5石英毛细管色谱柱(25 m×0.32 mm,0.25 μm)及氢火焰离子检测器.     

气相色谱法测定离子液体中间体中N-甲基咪唑残留量

采用气相色谱法对离子液体中间体中N-甲基咪唑残留量进行测定。以N,N-二甲基苯胺作为内标,采用DB-FFAP石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.25μm)分离,用氮磷检测器测定。N-甲基咪唑的质量浓度在0.02~0.140 g.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为6.52 mg.L-1,测定下限(10S/N)为21.73 mg.L-1。在两个浓度水平作回收试验,平均回收率(n=5)分别为96.4%,96.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.88%。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定对位酯工业品中的对位酯和对氯苯胺

建立了利用反相高效液相色谱测定工业对位酯中对位酯及其相关杂质对氯苯胺含量的方法。在C_(18)色谱柱(4.6×150 mm,5μm)上通过考察流动相种类、有机调节剂比例、p H等对保留的影响来优化色谱条件。分别建立了同时测定对位酯和对氯苯胺的反相离子对高效液相色谱法、快速测定对氯苯胺的反相高效液相色谱法,并建立了进一步分离对位酯中其他相关杂质的反相高效液相色谱法,可用于对位酯中相关杂质的液相色谱-质谱联用定性分析。在建立的同时测定对位酯和对氯苯胺的反相离子对高效液相色谱法中,对位酯和对氯苯胺分别在0.78~1000.0μg/m L(r=0.9997)和0.31~20.00μg/m L(r=0.9999)的浓度范围内成线性关系,平均回收率(n=3)分别为100.1%(RSD=0.62%)和100.8%(RSD=1.3%);在快速测定对氯苯胺的反相高效液相色谱法中,对氯苯胺在0.25~200.0μg/m L(r=0.9995)的浓度范围内成线性关系,平均回收率(n=3)为102.0%(RSD=0.43%)。     

基质固相分散-离子色谱法测定烟草中糖和多元醇

采用基质固相分散法提取净化烟草中的糖和多元醇,并用离子色谱法进行测定。将烟草试样与石墨化炭黑球(质量比为1比4)充分研磨后装柱,用热水洗脱,洗脱液中的糖和多元醇用离子色谱测定。以CarboPac MA1阴离子色谱柱(4 mm×250 mm,5μm)为固定相,用0.5 mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液为流动相分离,用脉冲安培检测器检测。烟草试样中甘油、丙二醇、木糖醇、山梨醇、葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和半乳糖9种成分在50 min内完全分离。方法的加标回收率在94.6%～105.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于3.0%。方法的检出限均小于50μg.L-1。     

胶束液相色谱法测定制剂和尿样中布洛芬

采用胶束液相色谱法分离和测定制剂和尿样中布洛芬,考察了表面活性剂的种类及浓度、柱温、流动相pH值,流速对布洛芬色谱保留行为的影响,探讨并提出了布洛芬在吐温-80为非离子表面活性剂的胶束液相色谱中的色谱保留模型。以ZORBAXExtend-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),20mmol.L-1吐温-80和25mmol.L-1磷酸氢二钾(pH7.8)混合溶液为流动相,在263nm处进行测定,布洛芬的保留时间为5.8min。布洛芬的质量浓度在0.2～1.0g.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1.1ng,平均回收率达98.3%～102.1%。     

离子色谱法分析金属离子的研究进展

综述了离子色谱法(IC)分析金属离子的研究进展,对目前应用于分析金属离子的阳离子交换IC、阴离子交换IC和螯合离子色谱进行了评述。阳离子交换IC是IC分析金属离子的主要形式,固定相为强酸(磺酸)型阳离子交换剂和弱酸(羧酸)型阳离子交换剂,结合适当的检测方法,阳离子交换IC可以测定碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土离子、铵离子及低相对分子质量的有机胺类分子等。阴离子交换IC可以分析碱土金属、过渡金属、稀土离子等,对金属离子的分析具有更好的选择性,并可以实现金属离子和无机阴离子的同时测定。螯合离子色谱可以对复杂基体中的痕量金属离子进行测定。引用文献125篇。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定燕窝中唾液酸

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱法测定燕窝中唾液酸(N-乙酰神经氨酸)的方法。燕窝样品用冰乙酸(1+1)溶液水解释放出来唾液酸,以V(甲醇):V(水)=50:50为流动相,Inertsil ODS-SP(5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱分离,用电喷雾电离源进行电离,采用负离子模式和选择离子模式检测。方法的检出限为0.10 mg/L,样品平均加标回收率为95.2%,RSD为1.1%。     

高效液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱测定神经性贝毒

采用高效液相色谱/四极杆 飞行时间质谱(HPLC/Q TOFMS)联用技术对贝类样品中的短裸甲藻毒素 PbTx-2 进行了检测研究。样品经丙酮提取、C18小柱净化后,用Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,3.5 μ m)进行分离,流动相为甲醇 水(体积比为85∶15)溶液(含0.5 mmol/L NH4Ac),流速0.20 mL/min 。电喷雾正离子模式,选择质子化PbTx 2分子离子 ［M+H］ +作为前体离子进行TOFMS扫描、测定。结果表明,样品的平均加标     

单柱离子色谱法测定多价阳离子的流动相研究

1引言离子色谱法分为单柱离子色谱法和双柱离子色谱法。二者比较,前者具有可选用多种流动相的特点,为充分发挥色谱的分离分析功能提供了可能。本文对单桂离子色谱法测定多价阳离子的流动相进行了研究,分别对乙二胺、乙二胺-络合剂（柠檬酸、草酸）、邻苯二胺和邻苯二胺-柠檬酸为流动相测定多价阳离子进行了讨论,其中乙二胺-络合剂是较为适宜的流动相。2实验部分2．1主要仪器和试剂HIC-6A离子色谱仪（日本岛津公司）,CDD－6A电导检测器,C－B5A色谱处理机,150mm×5．0mm（i．d,）Shim－packIC－CI阳离子交换柱。乙二胺、邻苯二…     

眼用硅油重均相对分子质量及其寡聚硅氧烷含量分析

采用凝胶渗透色谱与多角度激光光散射联用仪测定眼用硅油的重均相对分子质量,用气相色谱–质谱联用仪对其低聚物(寡聚硅氧烷类物质)进行定性定量分析。以八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)、十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)作为寡聚硅氧烷代表进行检测研究。硅油的重均相对分子质量(M_w)为31 KD,相对分子质量分布系数M_w/M_n为2.9。D4,D5的质量浓度分别在1～50μg/mL,2～60μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数(r2)分别为0.999,0.998,检出限分别为0.10,0.23μg/mL,D4,D5的加标回收率分别为90.7%～96.7%,87.3%～94.1%。重均相对分子质量及D4,D5测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于5%(n=6)。该方法干扰少,准确度高,可用于眼用硅油质量控制。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。