聚苯基荧光酮修饰玻碳电极吸附溶出伏安法测定痕量汞

研究利用聚苯基荧光酮修饰玻碳电极测定痕量汞的溶出伏安法,在0.1 mol.L-1氨水-NH4Cl缓冲溶液中(pH 9.5),开路搅拌,Hg(Ⅱ)富集于修饰电极表面,通过介质交换至0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液中,于-0.40 V还原后阳极化线性扫描,在0 V左右处获得一灵敏汞的溶出峰。其氧化峰电流与Hg(Ⅱ)浓度在9.0×10-8~8.0×10-7mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,开路富集5 min,检出限达2.0×10-8mol.L-1。应用此方法于尿液中汞的测定,所得平均RSD值小于4.02%,回收率试验结果在98.4%~103.2%间。     

用银-色氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极循环伏安法测定去甲肾上腺素

在含有1.0mmol.L-1硝酸银、5.58×10-2 mol.L-1色氨酸的溶液中,于-0.8～1.8V(vs.Ag/AgCl)电位下,在玻碳电极表面电沉积一层银-色氨酸复合膜,制得银-色氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极(Ag-TRY/GCE)。采用扫描电镜对电极表面的性能进行表征,循环伏安法对其电化学性能进行研究。试验发现:在pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,去甲肾上腺素(NE)在修饰电极出现一对明显的氧化还原峰,氧化峰电位为0.306V,还原峰电位为0.368V,提出了用循环伏安法测定NE的方法。在试验条件下,氧化峰电流与去甲肾上腺素浓度在3.4×10-7～8.3×10-6 mol.L-1和8.3×10-6～1.1×10-4 mol.L-1两段范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为4.3×10-8 mol.L-1。修饰电极用于药物中去甲肾上腺素的测定,加标回收率在95.6%～99.4%之间。     

对乙酰氨基酚在聚刚果红修饰电极上的伏安测定

应用循环伏安法于玻碳电极修饰聚刚果红薄膜,并研究对乙酰氨基酚(ACOP)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.实验表明,聚刚果红修饰电极对ACOP具有良好的电催化性能.在2.0×10-7~2.0×10-6mol.L-1ACOP浓度范围内,其差示脉冲伏安峰电流随浓度变化呈良好的线性关系,检测限为4.0×10-8mol.L-1.该法可用于实际样品的含量测定.     

纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚

在0.01mol.L-1硼砂溶液(pH 9.18)中,用纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极作为工作电极,线性扫描伏安法测定苯酚。伏安图上出现一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为+0.56V(vs.SCE),峰电流与苯酚的浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-4 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为5.0×10-8 mol.L-1。富集时间为30s,同时采用线性扫描伏安法研究苯酚在纳米二氧化铈修饰碳糊电极上的氧化还原反应,结果表明此电极反应为一不可逆的吸附过程。     

碳纳米管-离子液体-木质素磺酸钠复合物修饰电极同位镀铋膜测定水中铅和镉

采用涂覆法制备多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)-离子液体([BMIM]PF6)-木质素磺酸钠(LSS)修饰玻碳电极(GCE),然后在其表面同位镀铋膜,研究Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在该修饰电极上的阳极溶出伏安行为。实验表明,Pb、Cd在该修饰电极上分别于-0.44V、-0.73V产生灵敏的溶出峰,Pb(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)分别在3.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol·L-1和2.0×10-8～8.0×10-7mol·L-1浓度范围内与其溶出峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为4.1×10-9mol·L-1、6.9×10-9mol·L-1。该修饰电极制备简单,重现性好,用于河水中铅和镉的测定,效果良好。     

用杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极计时电流法测定过氧化氢

在含8.0×10-4mol·L-1杯芳烃的0.1 mol·L-1四丁基高氯酸铵溶液中,在-0.4～0.6 V电位下,在碳纤维电极表面电沉积一层杯芳烃膜,制得杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极.采用扫描电镜和交流阻抗法对电极表面的性能进行了表征,采用循环伏安法和计时电流法对其电化学性能进行研究.试验发现:过氧化氢在杯芳烃膜修饰碳纤维电极上出现一个明显氧化峰,氧化峰电位为0.6 V,提出了用计时电流法测定过氧化氢的方法.在优化的试验条件下,氧化峰电流与过氧化氢的浓度在1.5×10-5～3.8×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-6mol·L-1.修饰电极用于医用消毒水中过氧化氢的测定,所得结果与高锰酸钾滴定法测定值相一致,用标准加入法做回收率试验,所得结果在97%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=10)为4%.     

尿酸在聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极上的伏安测定

采用循环伏安法制备了聚L-苯丙氨酸薄膜修饰玻碳电极,研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,循环伏安法测定了尿酸. 研究发现,在pH=5.6的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,尿酸在聚L-苯丙氨酸修饰电极上于0.43 V处产生1灵敏的氧化峰;循环伏安法测定其氧化峰电流与尿酸的浓度在2.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1×10-6 mol/L. 对1.0×10-5 mol/L尿酸平行测定5次,相对标准偏差为3.0%. 该聚合物修饰电极制作简单,重现性好,可用于尿液中尿酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

壳聚糖修饰电极测定碘的研究

应用共价键合法将壳聚糖修饰在玻碳电极表面,研究了I-在该修饰电极上的微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安特性,并对相关机理进行探讨.实验表明,修饰电极在pH为4.0的0.1mol·L-1KH2PO4溶液中,对I 具有良好的吸附性和选择性,电极响应灵敏.其阳极溶出峰电流在2.0×10-6～2.0×10-3mol·L-1I-浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,检出下限达2.0×10-7mol·L-1.该法应用于食用碘盐中总碘量的测定,取得较好的结果.     

丹参酮ⅡA的电化学行为及其测定

应用循环伏安法研究丹参酮ⅡA在玻碳电极上的电化学行为并建立差示脉冲伏安法测定含量.在pH 4.0醋酸盐缓冲液中,差示脉冲伏安氧化峰电流与丹参酮ⅡA浓度(3.0×10-7~2.0×10-5mol.L-1)呈良好的线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-8mol.L-1.玻碳电极可有效消除样品中其它组分对丹参酮ⅡA测定的干扰,已成功用于实际样品中丹参酮ⅡA含量的直接测定.该方法灵敏度高、检测范围宽,结果令人满意.     

富勒烯修饰电极微分脉冲伏安法测定盐酸克伦特罗

将1.08mg富勒烯(C60)分散在10mL二氯甲烷中,取40μL悬浮液滴涂在玻碳电极表面,吹干后在1mol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液中进行活化,制得C60修饰电极。用循环伏安法研究了修饰电极的电化学行为。结果表明:经氢氧化钾处理后的修饰电极,在5mmol·L-1铁氰化钾溶液中,可见一对准可逆的氧化还原峰,且峰电流显著高于在裸玻碳电极和未处理电极上的峰电流。据此提出了用微分脉冲伏安法测定盐酸克伦特罗的方法。盐酸克伦特罗的浓度在0.1～20μmol·L-1范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.26×10-2μmol·L-1。方法用于尿样分析,回收率在99.5%～110%之间。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅰ.可逆电极溶出

本文推导了玻璃碳电极上可逆溶出催化过程的理论电流方程、峰电流及峰电势方程,得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了数十倍,从而进一步提高了溶出伏安法的灵敏度。本文还用碲的溶出催化实验验证理论方程。所得实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法的理论研究 Ⅱ.不可逆电极溶出

本文对在玻璃碳电极上不可逆溶出催化的理论进行了研究,推导了溶出催化过程的电流方程,峰电流和峰电势方程,并用微计算机模拟出各种关系曲线,从理论方程得知溶出催化伏安法所得的峰电流比溶出伏安法的峰电流提高了二个数量级。本文还用钯的溶出催化实验验证理论方程,所得的实验结果均与理论方程相吻合。     

A complete numerical simulation of the techniques of alternating current linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry: analysis of a reversible process by conventional and fast Fourier transform methods

We describe the method of achieving the first completely general simulation of ac linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry making use of the fully implicit Richtmyer modification (FIRM) method. The simulation technique is applied to a reversible process under conditions where a sinusoidal waveform of any amplitude is superimposed onto the dc potential which is swept at a finite scan rate. Results, where possible, are compared with the existing theory derived at constant dc potential to confirm the fidelity of the simulation. In particular, we demonstrate excellent agreement with the results of Engblom et al. [J. Electroanal. Chem. xxx (1999) xxx] for large amplitude ac voltammetry described in the companion paper immediately preceding this article. The use of conventional and Fourier transform methods of data analysis are compared to highlight the advantages of the use of the fast Fourier transform algorithm in ac voltammetry.     

Electroanalytical Determination of Morpholine as a Corrosion Inhibitor at a Cathodically Pretreated Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

An electroanalytical method for the determination of morpholine, a corrosion inhibitor, was developed at a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The voltammetric response of morpholine at the BDDE in 0.1?mol L^?1 KCl (pH 10) shows an irreversible oxidation process at approximately 1.3?V vs. Ag/AgCl in 3.0?mol L^?1 KCl. Using cyclic voltammetry, the number of electrons involved in the morpholine electroxidation mechanism was found to be 1. The application of chronoamperometry showed that the apparent diffusion coefficient (D₀) was 2.99?×?10^?6 cm² s^?1. Using square wave voltammetry under the optimized conditions (frequency of 30.0?Hz, pulse amplitude of 100?mV and step potential of 20?mV at pH 10.0), the developed method provided limits of detection and quantification of 2.1 and 6.9?mg L^?1, respectively, with a linear range from 5.0 to 100.0?mg L^?1 (r?=?0.991). Intraday (n?=?10) and interday (two consecutive day) precision values assessed as the relative standard deviation for solutions containing 30.0, 60.0, and 90.0?mg L^?1 of morpholine were from 0.41 to 5.86% and 0.92 to 3.19%, respectively. The feasibility of the method for the interference-free determination of morpholine was verified by the analysis of synthetic boiler water samples containing CaCO₃, Na₂SO₃, Na₃PO_4, FeCl₃, and humic acid as organic matter. In addition, hydrazine was added as a possible interfering compound because of its widespread use in corrosion inhibition. Recovery values from 90.9 to 109.4% were obtained in the synthetic boiler water, thereby attesting to the accuracy of the method.     

对位叠式循环方波伏安法：Ⅱ.平行催化体系

本文提出平行催化体系的对位叠式循环方波伏安法，并对共作了系统的研究，推导了这一方法的催化电流理论方程，并用验验证这理论的正确性，得到其各脉冲电流皆为同方向，对位叠式循环催化电流相当于将电流叠加４次，而波形不受方波幅度大小的影响，因而灵敏度和分辨率有较大提高，优于其它方波伏安法。     

Iron(III)‐mediated Electrochemical Detection of Levofloxacin in Complex Biological Samples

We report the design of an electrochemical sensor capable of detecting levofloxacin (LEVX) in complex biological samples. This detection strategy is simple, fast, and does not require sample pretreatment or electrode modification. Unlike previously developed electrochemical LEVX sensors that require direct oxidation of LEVX, the sensing mechanism is based on the complexation reactions between LEVX and iron(III), resulting in a concentration‐dependent decrease in the iron(III) reduction peak current and a shift in the peak potential. These changes are presumably attributed to the decrease in the concentration of uncomplexed Fe(III) in the solution. The concentration‐dependent change in both the current and potential can be used for quantification of LEVX in various samples, including 50 % synthetic urine and 25 % synthetic human saliva. The limit of detection was estimated to be in the range of 1.5 to 2.3 μM, concentrations that are much lower than the concentration of LEVX found in urine and saliva samples of patients administered this drug for conditions such as urinary tract infection. With further optimization, this sensing strategy could find applications in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.     

线性扫描伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为

采用线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为。在0.05 mol·L~(-1)硫酸溶液中,司帕沙星于-1.29 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处产生一灵敏的还原峰,司帕沙星的浓度在1.0×10~(-6)～1.5×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。该法用于司帕沙星片剂的分析,回收率为96.2%～105.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%。试验证实:司帕沙星在电极上产生的峰为具有吸附性的完全不可逆的还原峰。     

微电极研究(Ⅹ)——微盘电极上稳态过程导数伏安法

本文研究了微盘电极上单扫描、一次导教、二次导数及三次导数的稳态扩散电流方程,一次导数的电流峰与扫描速率v成正比,二次导数及三次导数的电流峰分别与v²、v³成正比,从而提高了响应灵敏度,通过它们的波形可以很方便地求得电极反应的标准电极电位,判断反应的可逆性,用碳纤维微盘电极进行了验证,结果与理论方程一致。     

Graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for determination of linagliptin in dosage form,biological fluids,and rats' feces using square wave voltammetry

An applicable square wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdASV) technique was utilized for linagliptin determination. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with graphene oxide to increase the electrode reactivity. The method is cheap, accurate, precise, and selective, with a good linearity range and a low detection limit. The proposed method was the first one to determine linagliptin in the feces, which is the main route for excreting the drug from the body. The electrode was characterized using various techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and the oxidation mechanism of the drug was examined. The proposed method has a linear range of 9.45–103.96 ng mL^?1. The detection limit was 4.0 ng mL^?1. The modified electrode was employed efficiently to determine the drug in tablet formulations, spiked human urine, plasma, and rats' feces with high recoveries. The proposed method's results were statistically compared with those of another previously published method.     

微分脉冲阴极吸附溶出伏安法测定利多卡因

用微分脉冲阴极吸附溶出伏安法测定了利多卡因针剂的含量。浓度与波高的线性范围为1×10~(-7)～3×10~(-4)mol/dm~3。最低检测限l×10~(-8)mol/dm~3。回收率98.07±0.05%。