近红外光谱法测定卷烟中多酚类物质含量的研究

利用烟草样品的近红外漫反射光谱,通过化学计量学的方法,建立了卷烟中多酚类物质的近红外数学模型.结果表明,绿原酸、新绿原酸和芸香苷近红外数学模型外部验证的平均相对误差和变异系数(RSD)均在5%以内,说明该模型准确性和稳定性均很好,可以用来快速、准确,无污染地测定卷烟中多酚类物质含量.     

基于近红外光谱技术的电子烟油烟碱含量快速检测研究

烟碱是电子烟烟油中的主要成分,其含量决定了电子烟油的风味口感及产品的安全性。为了提高电子烟油烟碱含量的测量效率,该文采用近红外光谱技术和极限学习机回归(ELMR)建立了电子烟油烟碱含量的定量预测模型。实验结果表明：相比于传统的主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,所建立的ELMR预测模型的决定系数R2为0.926 2,远高于PCR预测模型的0.859 0和PLSR预测模型的0.860 4;同时,使用ELMR模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.026 8,小于PCR预测模型的0.043 1和PLSR预测模型的0.040 9。以上结果说明该文所建立的近红外光谱定量模型能够应用于烟碱含量的快速准确测量,为实现电子烟油烟碱含量的实时在线监测和其它质量参数的快速测量奠定了良好的基础。     

近红外光谱快速分析青贮饲料pH值和发酵产物

采用近红外光谱技术,结合偏最小二乘回归法,研究了142个不同种类的秸秆青贮饲料样品的pH值和发酵产物(乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨态氮),建立了干燥粉碎和新鲜样品的近红外漫反射光谱定量分析模型以及浸提液样品的近红外透射光谱定量分析模型。研究发现,pH值的近红外漫反射光谱和透射光谱的分析效果均较好,校正模型决定系数R2和验证集样品预测值与化学值的相关关系决定系数r2都大于0.80,并且干燥粉碎、新鲜和浸提液样品的RPD值分别为3.44、2.50和2.27;3种状态样品的乳酸、乙酸、丁酸和氨态氮的定量分析模型精度需进一步提高;R2在0.64~0.85之间;RPD值在1.38~1.93之间;丙酸含量的测定结果较差。方差分析显示,3种状态样品的测定结果之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

近红外光谱模型检测苯磺酸氨氯地平片中有效含量的研究

以12种苯磺酸氨氯地平片为研究对象,以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法准确测定出苯磺酸氨氯地平片中苯磺酸氨氯地平的有效含量为标准,利用近红外光谱技术,建立了苯磺酸氨氯地平片的近红外定量分析模型。结果表明,利用二阶导数谱图,在4070.89～4248.69cm^-1、4316.83～4656.56cm^-1、4749.74～5449.81cm^-1、7315.64～6942.53cm^-1等四个波段下,得到的样品粉末定量分析模型最优。模型的预测值与HPLC测定值的绝对误差为-0.12%～0.18%,相对误差为-3.51%～5.41%。建立了一种快速检测苯磺酸氨氯地平片含量的方法。     

近红外光谱分析技术在快速分析上的应用

简要介绍了近红外光谱的原理、特点,综述了近红外光谱在农业、食品、制药、石油化工、高分子等领域快速分析上的研究及应用现状,并对近红外光谱的应用前景进行了展望．     

拉曼光谱法快速检测掺入梨汁的浓缩苹果汁

应用便携式拉曼光谱仪结合化学计量学技术建立了浓缩苹果汁掺入梨汁的快速检测方法.实验表明,苹果汁和梨汁的拉曼特征频率相同,给出了特征频率及其对应的分子振动模式.发现苹果汁和梨汁在866 cm-1和1 126 cm-1处的拉曼光谱有微小差别,这可能由于苹果汁和梨汁中果糖异构体含量不同所致.用支持向量分类机(SVC)中的4个核函数对19个苹果汁、梨汁样本进行有效鉴别,准确率达100%,并使用支持向量回归机(SVR)对掺入不同含量梨汁的苹果汁样本进行建模预测,大部分样品相对误差在10%以内.     

近红外漫反射法快速检测复合肥中总氮含量

本文采用数字光栅近红外漫反射技术对复合肥中总氮(N)含量进行测定,以采用标准正态变量转换、趋势变换、导数变换等方法对180个正常复合肥的近红外测量数据进行前处理,然后采用偏最小二乘回归校正方法(MPLS)建立模型,取得对未知复合肥中总氮含量较好的预报结果。该方法优势:(1)检测省时,往往只需几分钟即可完成分析,而且无需称样和消耗化学试剂。(2)其测定标准偏差与凯氏法相比不存在显著性差异。该新方法可对复合肥中总氮含量实现快速简便的连续检测,尤其适合大批量样品。     

食品安全快速检测方法的研究进展

近年来,因环境污染、农兽残超标、人为添加滥用或贮藏不当等因素带来的食品安全问题受到广泛关注,快速检测技术简便快速、高效经济,满足食品初筛检测的要求。本文综述了酶抑制速测法、生物传感器法和免疫速测法等食品安全快速检测方法的研究进展,并展望了其发展方向。     

雪菊中木犀草苷的富集及近红外光谱分析方法

采用温和的方法制备了苯硼酸吸附剂,将其用于雪菊中微量木犀草苷的富集,并以此为基础建立了快速、选择性地测定雪菊中木犀草苷含量的近红外光谱分析方法。富集了木犀草苷的吸附剂无需脱附,即可用近红外漫反射光谱直接检测,通过偏最小二乘回归法建立了定量分析木犀草苷的校正模型,并成功实现了木犀草苷含量的测定。采用此苯硼酸吸附剂0.2 g,常温振荡吸附20 min后,吸附效率可达85.5%。结果表明,经连续小波变换处理近红外光谱分析数据,木犀草苷预测模型的预测浓度和参考浓度之间的相关系数为0.9765,且木犀草苷在0.15～19.5 mg/L浓度范围内具有较好的预测结果,预测回收率为84.7%～113.2%。本研究建立了苯硼酸吸附剂吸附预富集方法,与近红外漫反射光谱结合,实现了雪菊溶液中微量木犀草苷的选择性测定,为近红外光谱与吸附富集分析药食用植物中的其它有效成分的研究提供了参考。     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法快速检测人血清生化成分

应用傅里叶变换近红外光谱透射技术结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了人血清中7种生化成分的定标模型,利用内部交叉验证和自动优化功能对定标模型进行了优化,确定了最优建模参数。模型对人血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白、载脂蛋白B、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、葡萄糖定标样品集的预测值与化学值的相关系数r分别为0.9011、0.9593、0.9249、0.761、0.8831、0.5191、0 9148,预测校正标准误差RMSECV分别为15mg/dL,21.6mg/dL,2 66g/L,3 96g/L,0.091g/L,16.2mg/dL,0.49mmol/L。     

Validated HPTLC method for quantitative determination of gallic acid in stem bark of Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, myricaceae

A simple, rapid, and precise HPTLC method was developed for quantitative estimation of gallic acid in stem bark of Myrica esculenta, family Myricaceae. Separation was performed on silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid-methanol (3 + 3 + 0.6 + 0.4, v/v/v/v) mobile phase for separation of the extracted components. The determination was carried out in the UV densitometric absorbance-reflection mode at 280 nm. The amount of gallic acid in free and combined form in the stem bark powder was found to be 0.276 and 0.541%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and specificity according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Gallic acid response was found to be linear over a broad concentration range of 0.4-2.0 microg/band. LOD and LOQ were 0.103 and 0.312 microg/spot, respectively. The developed method is capable of quantifying amounts of gallic acid in stem bark powder of M. esculenta.     

毛细管胶束电动色谱法分离测定中药半枝莲中的7种有效成分

建立了毛细管胶束电动色谱同时分析检测中药半枝莲药材及其膏剂中黄芩素、柚皮素、汉黄芩素、野黄芩苷、芹菜素、木犀草素和原儿茶酸7种有效成分的方法。半枝莲样品中7种有效成分经甲醇超声提取。实验考察了运行缓冲溶液的pH值和浓度、添加剂、检测波长、分离电压和进样时间等重要参数对目标物分离的影响。得到的优化条件为: 运行缓冲液50 mmol/L硼砂-0.20 mol/L硼酸溶液(pH 8.4),含8.5 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),分离电压25 kV,检测波长260 nm和335 nm。在此条件下,7种组分于12 min内达到基线分离。各组分在8×10~6～3.2×10~4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.9965～0.9999;检出限为7.0×10~8～2.0×10~6mol/L;回收率均大于85%。该方法提取简便、准确可靠、重复性好、灵敏度高,可以用于中药半枝莲中7种有效成分的定量检测。     

A rapid quantitative method for humic substances determination in natural waters

A simple and rapid method was proposed for humic substances (HS) determination at microgram levels in natural waters. This assay method is based on the binding of a dye, Toluidine Blue (TB), to HS molecules to produce a dye-HS complex, which causes a decrease in absorbance at 630 nm. This method was calibrated with HS samples with up to a concentration of 40 mg L⁻¹, which covered the range of dissolved HS concentrations present in natural waters. The detection limit was 0.8 mg L⁻¹ of HS, and the relative standard deviation of 10 replicate measurements for a 20-mg L⁻¹ standard sample was 3.5%. From the Langmuir adsorption isotherm theory, the binding equilibrium constant and total number of binding sites at neutral pH were calculated to be (8.17 ± 0.42) × 10⁵ L mol⁻¹ and N of 1.45 ± 0.04 mmol g⁻¹ HS, respectively. The determination results with five water samples from lake, river and pond were consistent with those measured with the reference methods, demonstrating that this quantification method for HS determination was rapid, sensitive and feasible.     

Method for quantitative determination of allapinine in Aconitum leucostomum

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 436–438, May–June, 1989.     

Microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with countercurrent chromatography for the rapid preparation of flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don

As a famous Chinese herb having good inhibitory effects on numerous human cancers both in vitro and in vivo, Scutellaria barbata D. Don attracts extensive attention worldwide. In this work, four flavonoids named scutellarin, baicalin, luteolin, and apigenin were simply and rapidly prepared from S. barbata by microwave‐assisted extraction coupled to countercurrent chromatography. Extraction conditions including irradiation time, extraction temperature, liquid/solid ratio, and microwave power were optimized using an orthogonal array design method. The extract of S. barbata was separated and purified with a two‐phase solvent system composed of hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/acetic acid/water (1:5:1.5:1:4, v/v/v/v/v) and 4.5 mg of scutellarin, 4.6 mg of baicalin, 1.1 mg of luteolin, 2.1 mg of apigenin were obtained from 2.0 g original sample in a single run. The purities of scutellarin, baicalin, luteolin, and apigenin determined by HPLC were 93.6, 97.3, 97.6, and 98.4%, respectively. The targeted compounds were identified by LC with MS and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The total time including extraction, separation, and purification was <300 min. Compared to traditional methods, microwave‐assisted extraction coupled to countercurrent chromatography method is more simple and rapid for the extraction, separation, and purification of flavonoid compounds from natural products.