关于色散方程u_t=au_(xxx)一类显式差分格式的讨论

关于色散方程u_t=au_(xxx)差分格式的讨论,在[1]和[2]中,分别提出了中层为五点和六点的显式差分格式,其稳定区域分别为 0≤r≤0.7016和-0.0625 ≤r≤1.1851.本文针对这一问题,讨论中层为七点的一类差分格式的稳定性.[1]中格式是本文的特例,并且这类格式的最佳稳定区域为0≤r≤2.394,大约是[2]中稳定范围的二倍,[1]中稳定范围的三倍.     

一个三角形内角不等式的简证与一个猜想

文[1]证明了如下不等式:命题1对何任△ABC,有sinAcosB sinBcosC sinCcosA≤343.(1)当且仅当△ABC为正三角形时等号成立.原文给出的方法似乎较繁,没有必要分类讨论,并且当△ABC是锐角三角形时“不妨设0相似文献   

经济订货批量公式的一个注解

本文讨论了不允许缺货和允许缺货存贮模型中经济订货批量公式,并建立了修正后的存贮模,给出了相应的经济订货批量公式。     

奇异(n-1,1)共轭边值问题的多重正解

利用锥映射不动点指数定理证明了非线性(n-1,1)共轭边值问题u(n)+a(t)[f(u)+m2u]=0,u(j)(0)=u(1)=0,0≤j≤n-2至少存在两个正解.本文允许a(t)在[0,1]两端点处具有奇性,并允许a(t)在[0,1]某些子区间上恒为零.     

等距加密信号的频谱及求加密信号的快速算法

本文推广了[1]中提出的结果,给出了对信号抽样间隔任意等距加密时,信号频谱之间的关系,还建立了求加密信号的快速算法,这种算法比直接用FFT算法运算效率提高一倍. 1.对信号等距加密时频谱之间的关系设x_T(n)(0≤n≤N-1)表示以T为抽样间隔的有限离散信号,将抽样间隔T缩小k倍,得到加密信号x _(r/k)(n)(0≤n≤kN-1),当n=kl(0≤l≤N-1)时,应有     

关于具有转点的常微分方程的边值问题

本文研究下面形式的边值问题εy″-f(x,ε)y′ g(x,ε)y=0 (-α≤x≤b,0<ε≤1)y(-α)=α,y(b)=β其中f(x,0)在区间[-a,b]上具有多个和多重零点.给出了出现边界层和内部层的条件,并在相应的条件下,构造解的渐近展开式.     

复Banach空空间中一类螺形映射子族的性质（英文）

首先定义了一个新的螺形映射子族S_B[β,A,B],其中■,-1≤BB[β,A,B]在复Banach空间单位球上的增长定理和沿某单位方向的偏差定理.最后给出了欧氏空间单位球Bⁿ上正规化双全纯映射族成为S_B[β,A,B]的充分条件.特别地,作为主要结果的应用,当β,A,B取某些特殊值时,可以很容易地得到一些熟知的结果.     

关于矩阵积AB(A>0,B>0)的特征值的界

对于两个正定埃尔米特矩阵A、B的积AB的特征λ_(?)(1≤i≤n),文[1]曾给出一个估计。本文的定理将给出它的更精确估计。     

关于 P.Gács 和 L.Lovász 的一个引理及其推广

文献[1]对哈奇安算法给出了完整的证明.本文首先指出[1]中引理3的证明过程中存在的问题并重新给出了证明,然后在新结果的基础上作了推广。最后给出一个改进哈奇安算法的实用结果。研究由线性规划问题导出的不等式系统:及其相应的扰动系统:Ax相似文献   

关于“稳定的椅子”模型问题

本文试就“稳定的椅子”问题(参见[2]或[1]§2.1)的建模与证明作进一步的探讨,并在数学上给出了更为精确的模型和相对严格的证明,从而较完善地解决了这一问题。继续沿用[1]中的两个条件:1) 椅子四条腿一样长四脚连线为正方形。2) 地面函数z(x,y)(以铅垂线为Z轴)是数学上的连续面。除此外,再假定3)各椅腿与椅脚平面((?)ABCD)具有同值夹角γ(0<γ≤π/2)且椅腿为直线型。注意到地     

A Hidden-Markov estimation method for mean-shift detection of fraction defective in production process control

This paper considers a statistical method of estimating mean shift for a fraction defective of population. One traditional method for this estimation problem has been known as the CUSUM (cumulative sum) method, and it provides a method of estimating the occurrence of a shift in the mean from the observed data. We consider this estimation problem of shift occurrence in a production process. It is assumed that the process has two states, one is good (fraction defective low) and the other bad (fraction defective high), and starts in good state with probability one. We are interested in judging when the state has moved to the bad state by analyzing the observed data.In this paper, we model such a phenomenon as a hidden-Markov model. The states which are unobservable in a hidden-Markov model can be analyzed from the sequence of observed results. Hence, the advantage of this modeling technique is that the unknown parameters which are included in the hidden states can be estimated. We compare the performance of this hidden-Markov model with the CUSUM method based on several simulation data sets.     

Competing first passage percolation on random graphs with finite variance degrees

We study the growth of two competing infection types on graphs generated by the configuration model with a given degree sequence. Starting from two vertices chosen uniformly at random, the infection types spread via the edges in the graph in that an uninfected vertex becomes type 1 (2) infected at rate λ₁ (λ₂) times the number of nearest neighbors of type 1 (2). Assuming (essentially) that the degree of a randomly chosen vertex has finite second moment, we show that if λ₁ = λ₂, then the fraction of vertices that are ultimately infected by type 1 converges to a continuous random variable V ∈ (0,1), as the number of vertices tends to infinity. Both infection types hence occupy a positive (random) fraction of the vertices. If λ₁ ≠ λ₂, on the other hand, then the type with the larger intensity occupies all but a vanishing fraction of the vertices. Our results apply also to a uniformly chosen simple graph with the given degree sequence.     

A low volume-fraction limit for martensic microstructures in shape-memory alloys

We consider a variational model for the energy of deformations of shape-memory materials. We restrict ourselves to a scalar-valued, two dimensional simplification with two variants of martensite in which one of the variants has a much smaller volume fraction than the other one. We study the transition between a single phase and fine microstructures and compute the Γ-limit for one volume fraction tending to zero. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

川渝裂缝性地层自动压井环空多相压力波速特性研究北大核心CSCD

考虑虚拟质量力、环空沿程压力、气液相间阻力、气体滑脱、环空空隙率等因素,基于小扰动理论,提出了裂缝性地层自动压井环空多相压力波速数学模型,结合半显式差分方法,以彭州PZ-5-3D井(垂深5827 m)为实例,对模型编程求解.结果表明:裂缝性地层出气具有段塞流特点,随空隙率增大,压力波速呈现先减小后增大趋势;空隙率在0%至16%区间,压力波速以液弹为主,压力波速呈急剧下降趋势;空隙率在16%至40%区间,压力波速趋于平缓恒定值;空隙率在42%至100%区间,压力波速呈现增大趋势,压力波速以气弹为主;随环空井深减小,环空空隙率减小,压力波速整体呈现减小趋势;随压井循环排气井口回压增大,压力波速整体呈现增大趋势;环空空隙率在0%至13%区间内,气体滑脱速度对压力波速影响不大;环空空隙率在13%至85%区间内,随气体滑脱速度增大,压力波速呈现减小趋势;节流阀调阀时间间隔与井底压力响应时间具有跟随性,随井底压力响应时间增大,调阀时间间隔增大.     

A new coupled model for alloy solidification

A new coupled model in the binary alloy solidification has been developed. The model is based on the cellular automaton (CA) technique to calculate the evolution of the interface governed by temperature, solute diffusion and Gibbs-Thomson effect. The diffusion equation of temperature with the release of latent heat on the solid/liquid (S/L) interface is valid in the entire domain. The temperature diffusion without the release of latent heat and solute diffusion are solved in the entire domain. In the interface cells, the     

An M/M/1 Driven Fluid Queue – Continued Fraction Approach

This paper presents complete solutions of the stationary distributions of buffer occupancy and buffer content of a fluid queue driven by an M/M/1 queue. We assume a general boundary condition when compared to the model discussed in Virtamo and Norros [Queueing Systems 16 (1994) 373–386] and Adan and Resing [Queueing Systems 22 (1996) 171–174]. We achieve the required solutions by transforming the underlying system of differential equations using Laplace transforms to a system of difference equations leading to a continued fraction. This continued fraction helps us to find complete solutions. We also obtain the buffer content distribution for this fluid model using the method of Sericola and Tuffin [Queueing Systems 31 (1999) 253–264].     

A new coupled model for alloy solidification

A new coupled model in the binary alloy solidification has been developed. The model is based on the cellular automaton (CA) technique to calculate the evolution of the interface governed by temperature, solute diffusion and Gibbs-Thomson effect. The diffusion equation of temperature with the release of latent heat on the solid/liquid (S/L) interface is valid in the entire domain. The temperature diffusion without the release of latent heat and solute diffusion are solved in the entire domain. In the interface cells, the energy and solute conservation, thermodynamic and chemical potential equilibrium are adopted to calculate the temperature, solid concentration, liquid concentration and the increment of solid fraction. Compared with other models where the release of latent heat is solved in implicit or explicit form according to the solid/liquid (S/L) interface velocity, the energy diffusion and the release of latent heat in this model are solved at different scales, i.e. the macro-scale and micro-scale. The variation of solid fraction in this model is solved using several algebraic relations coming from the chemical potential equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium which can be cheaply solved instead of the calculation of S/L interface velocity. With the assumption of the solute conservation and energy conservation, the solid fraction can be directly obtained according to the thermodynamic data. This model is natural to be applied to multiple (< 2) spatial dimension case and multiple (< 2) component alloy. The morphologies of equiaxed dendrite are obtained in numerical experiments.     

Preservice teachers’ pictorial strategies for a multistep multiplicative fraction problem

Previous research has documented that preservice teachers (PSTs) struggle with understanding fraction concepts and operations, and misconceptions often stem from their understanding of the referent whole. This study expands research on PSTs’ understanding of wholes by investigating pictorial strategies that 85 PSTs constructed for a multistep fraction task in a multiplicative context. The results show that many PSTs were able to construct valid pictorial strategies, and the strategies were widely diverse with respect to how they made sense of an unknown referent whole of a fraction in multiple steps, how they represented the wholes in their drawings, in which order they did multiple steps, and which type of model they used (area or set). Based on their wide range of pictorial strategies, we discuss potential benefits of PSTs’ construction of their own representations for a word problem in developing problem solving skills.     

EQUILIBRIUM ABUNDANCE OF SALMON STOCKS IN A LIFE CYCLE MODEL WITH INTERACTING HATCHERY AND NATURAL SUBSTOCKS

This paper develops the equilibrium solutions for an age-structured life cycle model where spawning stock is split between natural and hatchery spawners. Mixing is allowed between the stocks through natural stock take by the hatchery and release of eggs or fry by the hatchery when its capacity is exceeded. The natural stock is assumed to have density-dependent egg-smolt survival while the hatchery stock has linear survival. The model can be applied to any hatchery reared fish stock but is most appropriate for salmon, where hatchery and naturally spawned fish mix completely later in life. Questions about the mix between the hatchery and natural stocks can be addressed by computing the fraction of naturally and hatchery derived stock among the natural and hatchery spawners as well as among the total adult run. Columbia River chinook stock are used as an example for which equilibria and mixing fractions are computed. A Monte Carlo sensitivity study on model parameters showed that the natural stock survival from smoltification to age 1 and the natural basin smolt carrying capacity are most important in controlling the equilibrium age-1 naturally spawned stock. Changing hatchery capacity over two orders of magnitude showed a 50 percent change in the fraction of naturally derived fish in the natural spawning stock, while the relative size of natural and hatchery stocks changed over two orders of magnitude. The model can serve as a tool for quickly assessing the effects of spawning habitat modification and hatchery supplementation practices on long-term stock mixing and stock abundance.     

Ideodynamic predictions for the evolution of habits

A dynamic mathematical model is proposed to explain how information can influence the fraction of the population with a particular habit. The model includes several important factors mentioned by Fishbein and Ajzen, and Bentler and colleagues: (1) intention is central to behavior, (2) volitional deficiency means that only a fraction of those with the intention actually carry out the behavior, (3) normative influences can affect behavior and can be modeled in analogy to the mathematical formulation used for the diffusion of innovations, (4) information from a previous behavior can influence a behavior change so that recidivism for a behavior like quitting of smoking is dependent on the previous habit of smoking, and (5) persuasive communications from mediated sources also can influence intent and behavior. All the influences are incorporated in a time dependent manner.

A procedure is proposed for testing the model for a habit like smoking using the results of a simple four question survey administered once. If validated, the theory can then be used to predict the results of advertising campaigns after the end of the campaign.