相移电子散斑干涉测量物面形状

本文提出了一种用于测量三维物体表面形状的新方案.利用电子散斑干涉仪,通过两次图像采集之间折射率变化,获得代表等高线的相关条纹图,应用相移技术,可以获得高精度的形状测量结果.文中还讨论了自制气体相移器原理及性能。     

汽油机燃烧室内温度场测量的激光剪切干涉法

采用激光剪切干涉法测量了汽油机燃烧室内的温度场,并分析了剪切干涉法测温的基本原理,推导出利用干涉条纹图求解温度分布的关系式。在一台二冲程火花点火发动机上设置石英窗和信号同步系统,建立了适合高速摄影的激光剪切干涉测量装置。通过改变剪切干涉量,测取发动机燃烧室内干涉条纹图,从而获得缸内燃烧的二维温度场。结果表明,激光剪切干涉法抗振性强,光路简单可靠,可以进行高速摄像,是研究内燃机燃烧过程的有效方法。从温度场可以看出,燃烧过程中缸内大致可分为三个区,即已燃区、未燃区和燃烧区,具有不同的温度分布和温度梯度。燃烧区温度最高,温度梯度大;已燃区温度次之,梯度较小;未燃区温度最低,但梯度较大。     

双参考光全息—散斑干涉术的原理和实验

本文用统计光学方法对双参考光全息——散斑干涉术进行了详尽的理论分析,给出了全息和散斑干涉场区域平均光强分布与光学系统主要参数及三维变形场各分量之间关系的解析表达式,进而讨论了离面位移和面内位移测量的上、下限,最后还给出了有关的实验结果。     

激光散斑干涉法测量金属复合引线热膨胀系数的实验研究

本文采用激光散斑干涉法测量微电子金属封装用金属复合引线的热膨胀系数。该方法有很高的测量精度和灵敏度,并对试件形状、尺寸和表面无特殊要求。同时利用光学方法全场测量的优点,使用已知热膨胀系数的金属材料作为标准试件,可减少温度场不均匀分布及微小变化对测试精度的影响,消除了测量光路几何参数导致的系统误差。在相对简单的实验设备下,得到较高精度金属复合引线的热膨胀系数值。该方法可广泛用于各种新材料的热膨胀系数的测定。     

错位云纹干涉法同步测量三维位移导数场

本文提出一种变载波双曝光错位云纹干涉法,将变形信息的记录过程与错位分析分开进行。通过对一级衍射波引入适当载波后,用双曝光法将变形信息记录在一张底板上,尔后通过滤波分离变形信息及错位处理,实现了三维位移导数场的同步测量。文中给出了较为严密的理论推导,并给出了平面模型静态下的面内和离面位移场测量结果。     

偏振相移干涉棚投影技术及其应用

本文提出偏振相移干涉栅投影技术并成功地用于三维物面形状和大变形物体的位移测量，得到较为满意的实验结果。     

偏振相移干涉栅投影技术及其应用

本文提出偏振相移干涉栅投影技术并成功地用于三维物面形状和大变形物体的位移测量，得到较为满意的实验结果。     

润滑膜厚测量的双色光干涉强度调制方法

提出一种红绿双色光干涉强度调制技术(DIIM)对球盘接触润滑油膜厚度进行测量.利用接触区外部干涉图像中红、绿分量强度值之差得到调制信号,并由此得到对应特征点的条纹干涉级次,进而由干涉强度得到接触区内任一点膜厚.运用多光束干涉理论对所提出的测量技术进行了原理分析,讨论了所用双色光的光波长、半峰全宽、测量介质对测量结果的影响.最后,应用该技术分别对球盘接触的静态间隙和动态油膜厚度进行测量,结果与经典理论有很好的一致性,证明了该技术的可行性.对试验所用的双色激光光源(红光653 nm、绿光532 nm),光学量程可达4μm.由于光强衰减小且能避免干涉级次计数,该方法可高效测量润滑油膜厚度.     

三维相移电子散斑干涉法在柴油机机身中的应用

本文通过一新的三维电子散斑干涉方法，结合四步相移技术和图象处理技术，从三幅全场散斑位相条纹图分离出独立的u、υ、w场位移。测量系统的特点是用三个激光器作为光源，一个PZT相移器推动三个反射镜产生参考光并实现相移以及CCD摄像机前放置大错位剪切镜。将该测量系统应用到柴油机机身部件测量上，得到了机身主轴承孔周的三维位移场，并将此结果作为有限元计算的边界条件，得到了精确的柴油机机身计算结果，证明这一新技术可为柴油机零部件的强度和刚度分析评价提供一种十分有效的方法。     

用散斑剪切干涉法测量物体的曲率

本文在Hung 提出的剪切干涉术的基础上,用散斑剪切干涉法测量了物体的曲率,其结果与Subra-manian 所得到的结果基本一致.并且用其测试了悬臂梁的受集中力作用后的曲率分布情况,理论解与实验值吻合得较好.     

Embedded Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry for Three-dimensional Strain Analysis

The extension of Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry to three-dimensional cases poses new challenges from both the practical and the theoretical points of view. In the present research, a scattering surface was created within a transparent Plexiglas specimen with the aid of atomized aluminum particles, and strain was measured in the interior plane. Test specimen configurations included a beam in bending and a disc in diametral compression. The tests on the beam in bending showed excellent agreement between Embedded DSPI results and resistance strain gages. However, for the disc in compression, large discrepancies were found. The main source of errors was identified in the effect of the refractive index gradient. Based on the assumption that the index of refraction changes proportionally to the local dilatation, the error was calculated and the predicted results were ultimately in good agreement with the DSPI data. In conclusion, the Embedded DSPI technique was found to be a viable tool for direct experimental strain investigation of complex 3-D cases.     

夹层全息干涉法的残余应力测试

本文用夹层全息干涉法做了模拟残余应力的标定实验,测试了焊缝、铸件的残余应力,并且利用数值方法进行了定量分析,实验结果与理论值比较吻合。     

Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

Erratum to: Vibration Analysis of Perforated Plates Using Time-Average Digital Speckle Pattern Interferometry

Digital Speckle Interferometry is a non invasive full-field coherent optical technique used in mechanical vibration measurement. In this research, it is used for tuning resonant frequencies of vibrating plates in order to investigate the dynamical behavior of perforated plates. The plate was excited to resonant vibration by a sinusoidal acoustic source. Fringe pattern produced during the time-average recording of the vibrating plate, for several resonant frequencies were registered. Results of plates fixed at one edge having internal holes and attached masses are presented. Experimental natural frequencies and modal shapes are compared to those obtained by an analytical approximate solution based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method with the use of orthogonal polynomials as coordinate function. A high degree of correlation between computational analysis and experimental results was observed, proving the potentiality of the optical technique as experimental validation of the numerical simulations.     

采用电子散斑干涉法对车灯配光镜内部缺陷问题的研究

在汽车车灯配光镜的生产过程中，由于用热压工艺而产生的热应力无法完全释放，积聚在其内部，产生不可见的细微缺陷。这些缺陷在一定的外界条件下扩展、生长，导致表面开裂、破碎，造成产品的报废。目前通常采用的有损检测方法虽然能够检测出缺陷的存在，但也破坏了车灯。为此，本文用采用电子散斑干涉法(ESPI)对车灯配光镜表面由于热应力而造成的变形以及细微裂纹缺陷的无损检测进行了实验研究，量化得到了配光镜表面在热载荷作用下的连续热变形分布。实验表明，用ESPI在热载荷的方式下可以成功地测量出配光镜缺陷的存在，并通过进一步研究，对同一型号但在残余应力分布上存在微小差异的两个车灯，我们给出了判别它们的定量标准。     

用DSPI方法和栅线投影法测量任意曲表面的三维变形

本文采用数字散斑干涉法和栅线投影法同时测量了任意曲表面的三维位移和三维形貌，并运用数字图像处理技术分析了曲表面的三维应变场，用实验方法获得了曲表面的主应变和主方向。     

OH Concentration Measurements by Resonant Holographic Interferometry and Comparison with Direct Numerical Simulations

We apply a novel laser diagnostic technique — Resonant Holographic Interferometry (RHI) to measure the concentration of hydroxyl radical (∼2000 ppm) in a co-flow diffusion flame of diluted hydrogen and air stabilized on a Wolfhard-Parkerburner. This methodology is based upon the dispersion of light of frequency close to an electronic transition of a target molecule. The two-color setup utilized in RHI provides a two-dimensional distribution of the target species concentration and quantitative information can be obtained from the interferogram without requiring any calibration. To provide independent flame data for comparison, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was performed taking into account the effects of detailed chemical kinetics and transport phenomena. In spite of a number of simplifying assumptions made in the simulation, computational and experimental results are in good agreement with respect to the magnitude and width of the region where OH is found. We do observe a difference of approximately 1 mm in the flame position due to the simplifying assumptions made in the simulation. The comparison between the experimental and numerical results clearly demonstrated the potential of RHI in flame diagnostics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

相干梯度敏感(CGS)干涉测量技术及其应用研究

首先介绍了相干梯度敏感(CGS:Coherent Gradient Sensing)光学干涉测量技术的最新研究进展;其次,详细介绍了透射CGS方法和反射CGS方法的基本原理及实验技术;最后给出了CGS技术在各种断裂力学研究中的应用,不仅给出了各向同性均匀聚合物材料I型、混合型、V型裂纹及梯度材料I型裂纹尖端奇异场的控制方程,而且给出了对应各自情况下的CGS光学条纹模拟与实验图像。研究结果将为实验断裂力学研究提供基础性理论和实验应力分析手段。     

用电子散斑干涉法进行结构内部微小缺陷检测的研究

本文应用电子散斑干涉法和相移技术对结构内部缺陷测试进行了试验研究,研究中采用气压加载,获得了相同气压载荷作用下不同试件的变形图,由此计算得到的结果表明,有缺陷的试件和无缺陷的试件在相同的气压载荷作用下变形不同,同时,相同载荷作用下,缺陷尺寸不同时,试件的变形不同.该试验证明了电子散斑干涉法在研究结构内部缺陷在气压载荷作用下的微小变形的有效性,进一步对缺陷影响的定量研究将为预知缺陷的尺寸及位置,结构的安全和检测提供帮助,同时将该方法应用进一步的推广和改进,将为结构无损检测提供依据.