MCFC隔膜用γ-LiAlO_2 粗细匹配料制备研究

用高温反应法制得γ_LiAlO2 粗料 .另用氯化物法先制得α_LiAlO2 细料 ,此细料在 90 0℃焙烧几小时 ,它首先转化为中间过渡型 (无定型 ) ,进而再转化为γ_LiAlO2 超细料 .其粒度 <0 .18μm ,BET比表面积 >43m2 /g .用带铸法把以上γ_LiAlO2 粗细匹配料制得MCFC隔膜 .用此膜组装的电池性能较高 ,在 2 0 0和 30 0mA/cm2 放电时 ,电池输出电压分别为 0 .85V和 0 .75V时 ,功率密度高达 2 5 0mW /cm2 等 .用匹配料制得膜性能明显优于用单一粗料制得的膜 .粗细料制备工艺过程和匹配是成功的 .     

1kW熔融碳酸盐燃料电池组研制

1kW熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 (MCFC)组由有效电极面积为 2 4 0mm× 140mm的 30个单电池组成 .系统采用内部分配方式供给气体 ,通过设在电池组底部和四个侧面的电炉丝进行加热 .在常压和 65 0℃条件下 ,分别以氢气和空气作燃料和氧化剂 ,放电电流密度为 15 0mA/cm2 时 ,平均每电池的输出电压达到 0 .7V .在运行的 30 0h内 ,电池组峰值输出功率达到 1.0 6kW .     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池(MCFC)的制作和性能研究

采用铸带法制备电极 (阴极和阳极 )、电解质基材和片材等电池部件 ,并组装出电极面积为 140× 2 40mm2 的熔融碳酸盐燃料单电池和电池组 (由 8个单电池构成 )。研究了单电池在不同温度下工作性能以及多次热循环对电池性能的影响。结果表明 ,电池具有较好的输出性能和一定的耐冷热冲击能力。单电池与电池组的功率密度很接近 ,说明电池内的流场设计可行。分别以空气和氢气为氧化剂和燃料气体 ,在常压 ,6 5 0℃ ,电流密度 130mA cm2条件下 ,电池的功率密度接近 0 1W cm2 ,电池组输出峰值功率达到了 2 80W以上。     

熔融碳酸盐燃料电池水溶性隔膜的制备和性能

用水溶性粘结剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)和α-LiAlO2粉料等制备熔融碳酸盐燃料电池水溶性隔膜(PVA隔膜).粉料的水合作用导致PVA隔膜的孔隙率和热失重均比PVB(聚乙烯醇缩丁醛)隔膜的大,但前者的最大孔径却比后者的小.当反应气压为0.9MPa,反应气体利用率为20%,分别于300和428.57mA·cm-2下放电时,PVA隔膜电池输出电压分别为0.849和0.739V;输出功率密度分别为254.7和316.7mW·cm-2,高于PVB隔膜电池的.经10次热循环启动,电池性能出现下降—回升—稳定的变化.这可能是PVA隔膜高温失水引起隔膜电导变化所致.     

直接乙醇燃料电池初探

采用商品化的PtRu/C和Pt/C分别作乙醇阳电极和氧气阴电极的催化剂 ,Nafion 115膜作固体电解质 ,组装成面积为 9cm2 的单池 .考察了电池温度、氧气压力、乙醇浓度及流量等对电池性能的影响 .实验结果表明在电池温度为 85℃ ,乙醇浓度为 1.0mol/L ,流量为 0 .5mL/min ,氧气压力为 0 .5MPa ,流量为 6 8mL/min条件下 ,电池开路电压为 0 .6 0 8V ,电流密度 5 0mA/cm2 时的放电端电压为 0 .32 9V ,电池最大功率密度为 19.2 5mW /cm2     

Ni@MWCNTs催化阳极的制备及在直接尿素(尿液)燃料电池中的应用

在表面自吸附多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的废弃面膜布上电沉积镍(Ni)制备得到成本低廉、结构疏松的柔性Ni@MWCNTs电极.利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对电极的微观形貌、元素分布、晶体结构和催化剂含量进行表征.采用循环伏安法、计时电流法和交流阻抗法研究了Ni@MWCNTs的单电极催化性能和全电池输出性能.结果显示,尿素电氧化反应可能产生强吸附性的中间产物,当KOH的浓度为3.0 mol/L时,氧化峰电流密度达到最高值(18.7 mA·mg~(-1)·cm~(-2));以Ni@MWCNTs电极为负极的直接尿素燃料电池的开路电压高达0.87 V,峰功率密度为1.74 m W/cm~2.当以人类尿液为燃料时,增大燃料的pH值,能大幅提升直接尿液燃料电池的性能.     

200W MCFC电池组的电化学性能及热平衡计算

MCFC电池组 (6对电池 ,电极面积 2 2 6cm2 )在 0 .9MPa/cm2 反应气压下 ,输出功率为2 17.6W .热平衡计算表明 ,该电池组在 30 0mA/cm2 电流密度下放电 ,当气体利用率为 2 0 %时 ,电池组处于热平衡状态下运行 .若维持此热平衡 (电池组内最高温度为 70 0℃ ,运行温度 6 5 0℃ )状态且提高反应气体利用率 ,则电池组热平衡点的电流密度将下降 ,以空气 +CO2 为氧化剂 ,H2 +CO2 为燃料气时 ,在不同气体利用率下电池组热平衡点的电流密度均大于 10 0mA/cm2 .提高电池组的输出功率 ,热电效率将下降 ;提高反应气压 ,热电效率相应提高     

碱性溶液中空气电极催化剂Co-N/C的研究

采用简单热处理方式制备了空气电极用氧还原电催化剂Co-N/C(800),利用线性电位扫描、控电流极化曲线及单电池测试等方法评价Co-N/C(800)的氧还原反应(ORR)催化活性。结果表明:该催化剂在碱性溶液中(1 mol/LNaOH)对ORR有很好的催化活性,起始氧还原电位约为0.04 V(vs.Hg/HgO);在室温及空气气氛条件下,以Co-N/C(800)制备的空气电极在7 mol/L NaOH溶液中时性能最佳,在电极电位为-0.6 V(vs.Hg/HgO)时电流密度达100 mA/cm2;自制的空气电极与纯锌片所组装的锌-空气电池,以7 mol/L NaOH为电解液,在电池过电位为0.8 V时,电流密度超过了100 mA/cm2,催化性能优于常规MnO2催化剂;同时进行了单电池放电测试,放电平台保持在1.25～1.30 V且性能稳定。     

全钒液流电池铂氢微型参比电极体系的构筑与性能

铂丝电极表面上电沉积一层金属钯,用阴离子交换隔膜材料封装,制得铂氢微型参比电极,工艺简单、稳定性高. 将该微型参比电极应用于全钒储能电池性能研究,可内置于电池多孔电极内部,监测电池正负极充放电性能. 结果显示,电池容量衰减主要归因于电解液中的活性物质V(IV)的逐渐减少及V(V)的积累导致正负极活性物质不平衡.     

千瓦级熔融碳酸盐燃料电池堆

1.5kW级熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（molten carbonate fuel cell,MCFC）堆由15个电极面积为250mm×400mm的单电池组成.系统采用内部分配方式供给气体,通过设在电池堆上、下部和四个侧面的电炉丝进行加热.在常压和650℃条件下,分别以氢气和空气作燃料和氧化剂,经过4次热循环,电池堆的开路电压依然保持在16.33V,在运行144h后,电池堆在150mAcm^-2放电时,其峰值输出功率为1.48kW,在工作电压10.5V（平均每个单电池的工作电压为0.7V）条件下输出功率基本不变,达到825W.     

Water management improvement in PEM fuel cells via addition of PDMS or APTES polymers to the catalyst layer

Water management is one of the obstacles in the development and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Sufficient humidification of the membrane directly affects the PEM fuel cell performance. Therefore, 2 different hydrophobic polymers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), were tested at different percentages (5, 10, and 20 wt.%) in the catalyst layer. The solution was loaded onto the surface of a 25 BC gas diffusion layer (GDL) via the spraying method. The performance of the obtained fuel cells was compared with the performance of the commercial catalyst. Characterizations of each surface, including different amounts of PDMS and APTES, were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. Molecular bond characterization was examined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis and surface hydrophobicity was measured via contact angle measurements. The performance of the fuel cells was evaluated at the PEM fuel cell test station and the 2 hydrophobic polymers were compared. Surfaces containing APTES were found to be more hydrophobic. Fuel cells with PDMS performed better when compared to those with APTES. Fuel cells with 5wt.% APTES with a current density of 321.31 mA/cm ² and power density of 0.191 W/cm ² , and 10wt.% PDMS with a current density of 344.52 mA/cm ² and power density of 0.205 W/cm ² were the best performing fuel cells at 0.6V.     

A novel blue dye for near-IR 'dye-sensitised' solar cell applications

A squaraine dye incorporating two carboxylic acid attaching groups has been synthesised and used successfully in both liquid and solid-state solar cells, with solar energy to electricity conversion efficiencies (eta) under AM 1.5 G irradiation (100 mW cm(-2)) of 3.7 and 1.5% and short-circuit current densities (J(sc)s) of 8.6 and 4.2 mA cm(-2), with open-circuit voltages (V(oc)) of 591 and 681 mV and fill factors (FF) of 73 and 53%, respectively.     

Bright and monochromic red light-emitting electroluminescence devices based on a new multifunctional europium ternary complex

A novel europium(III) complex, tris(dibenzoylmethanato)(2-4'-triphenylamino)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline)europium(III), Eu(DBM)3(TPIP), is synthesized. The light-emitting center, hole-transporting triphenylamine and electron-transporting phenanthroline fragments are integrated into one molecule. A single-layer device of ITO/Eu(DBM)3(TPIP) (60 nm)/Mg0.9Ag0.1/Ag exhibits Eu(III)-based pure red emission with a maximum brightness of 19 cd m(-2) at 13.5 V and 280 mA cm(-2), and an onset driving voltage of 8 V. A four-layer device of ITO/TPD (20 nm)/Eu(DBM)3(TPIP) (40 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/AlQ(40 nm)/Mg0.9Ag0.1/Ag gives a maximum Eu(III)-based pure red emitting luminance of 1305 cd m(-2) at 16 V and 255 mA cm(-2) with an onset driving voltage of 6 V; the maximum external quantum yield and luminous yield are estimated to be 0.85% and 1.44 lm W(-1), respectively, at 7.5 V and 0.25 mA cm(-2).     

类超晶格结构:有序性传质赋予燃料电池高品质输出性能（英文）

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是一种强耦合、复杂非线性、动态的、多输入多输出的能量转换装置,不容易达到或保持理想的工作状态。在动态的PEMFC的工作状态下,其输出的电流和电压是振动的、不稳定的,会对负载的使用和寿命造成很大的影响,严重时亦可损坏负载。该波动的电流或电压输出不仅直接决定着发电系统的成本,而且影响着有效的能量转换效率及电子原件和设备的寿命。基于此,本工作针对燃料电池动态特性及动态排水空间受限导致其电流不规则波动,进而影响输出电能品质和燃料电池系统及其他电子元件的寿命和维护成本等问题,开发了一种外延生长的方法制备排水空间可调控的抗溺水电极,通过调控载体的成核位点密度,形成一种具有不同排水空间的类超晶体结构微米级铂基催化剂。该催化剂制备的电极不仅表现出极佳的抗溺水性,在极低的电流振幅(25 mA·cm^-2)下持续稳定的输出高品质电能,同时提高了铂的利用率,使其组成的MEA比功率密度达到11.69 W·mg_Pt^-1,表现出极高的应用潜力。     

Quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells fabricated by the combined process of the direct attachment of colloidal CdSe quantum dots having a ZnS glue layer and spray pyrolysis deposition

We were able to attach CdSe quantum dots (QDs) having a ZnS inorganic glue layer directly to a mesoporous TiO(2) (mp-TiO(2)) surface by spray coating and thermal annealing. Quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells based on CdSe QDs having ZnS as the inorganic glue layer could easily transport generated charge carriers because of the intimate bonding between CdSe and mp-TiO(2). The application of spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) to obtain additional CdSe layers improved the performance characteristics to V(oc) = 0.45 V, J(sc) = 10.7 mA/cm(2), fill factor = 35.8%, and power conversion efficiency = 1.7%. Furthermore, ZnS post-treatment improved the device performance to V(oc) = 0.57 V, J(sc) = 11.2 mA/cm(2), fill factor = 35.4%, and power conversion efficiency = 2.2%.     

Photovoltaic cells based on sequentially adsorbed multilayers of conjugated poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)s and a water-soluble fullerene derivative

We describe the layer-by-layer (LBL) fabrication of multilayer films and photovoltaic cells using poly(phenylene ethynylene)-based anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes as electron donors and water-soluble cationic fullerene C60 derivatives as acceptors. LBL film deposition was found to be linearly related to the number of bilayers as monitored by UV-vis absorption. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the multilayer films revealed an aggregated but relatively uniform morphology devoid of any long-range phase separation. The maximum incident monochromatic photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the photovoltaic cells was 5.5%, the highest efficiency reported to date for cells fabricated by using the LBL fabrication technique, and since the thin film cells do not provide complete absorption of the incident light, the current generation per photon absorbed may be as much as 10%. The cells exhibited open circuit voltages of 200-250 mV with highest measured short circuit currents up to 0.5 mA/cm2 and fill factors around 30%. The power conversion efficiencies measured at AM 1.5 solar conditions (100 mW/cm2) varied between 0.01 and 0.04%, and similar to the IPCE results, the efficiency is a function of the thickness of the PV active layer.