Screening of instantons in the quark gas

The grand partition function of quark matter is developed about an arbitrary classical gauge field configuration in a systematic weak coupling expansion. In the presence of a finite density massless quark gas the instanton induced effective quark interaction is modified by a factor exp[?2N_F(ω?)²], i.e. the baryon number chemical potential μ acts as an intrinsic infrared cutoff on the instanton scale size ?. The equation of state of the quark matter is also briefly discussed.     

Low energy theorems in a nonlocal chiral quark model at finite temperature

We solve the Dyson equation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation for a nonlocal effective quark interaction kernel which is instantaneous and separable. The momentum-dependent dynamical quark mass, the scalar and pseudoscalar meson masses, the pion decay constant and the quark meson coupling constant are calculated at finite temperature in the Hartree approximation for the quark self energy. We obtain relations between these quantities, which coincide to leading order in the current quark mass (m ₀/Δm) with the basic low energy theorems: the Goldstone theorem, the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation and the Goldberger-Treimann relation at finite temperature. A formula for the σ?π mass gap is obtained which exhibits an additional contribution from the momentum dependence of the quark mass.     

Bound diquarks and their Bose–Einstein condensation in strongly coupled quark matter

We explore the formation of diquark bound states and their Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in the phase diagram of three-flavor quark matter at nonzero temperature, T, and quark chemical potential, μ  . Using a quark model with a four-fermion interaction, we identify diquark excitations as poles of the microscopically computed diquark propagator. The quark masses are obtained by solving a dynamical equation for the chiral condensate and are found to determine the stability of the diquark excitations. The stability of diquark excitations is investigated in the T–μ$T\text{–}\mu$ plane for different values of the diquark coupling strength. We find that diquark bound states appear at small quark chemical potentials and at intermediate coupling strengths. Bose–Einstein condensation of non-strange diquark states occurs when the attractive interaction between quarks is sufficiently strong.     

Models for the weak parity-violating vector meson exchange potential and the circular polarization in n + p → d + γ

We propose three models which lead to a p.v. nucleon-nucleon interaction mediated by charged and neutral vector mesons. Besides the ad hoc hypothesis of octet dominance, we consider two quark models (the Bose quark and colour Fermi quark model), which give a dynamical explanation of the $\text{ΔI =}\text{1}\text{2}$ rule in strangeness changing hyperon decays. They lead to p.v. potentials with different isospin dependence. We also derive the weak NN?_ρ° coupling from a SU(2) × U(1) gauge theory with neutral currents. The circular polarization P_γ of the γ-quanta in the capture of thermal neutrons on protons is calculated for these different models. The Reid hard-core (HC) and soft-core (SC) potentials have been chosen to take into account the strong interaction. Then the naively factorized Cabbibo current-current interaction with charged rho exchange only gives P_γ^HC = ?2.7 × 10^?8 and P_γ^SC = ?2.1 × 10^?8. The strong octet dominance and Bose quark model lead to a vanishing circular polarization |P_γ| ≈ (1–4) × 10^?9. The colour Fermi quark model enhances the circular polarization and gives P_γ ≈ ?5 × 10^?8.     

Hierarchical chiral symmetries and the quark mass matrix

A hierarchical pattern of chiral symmetries is introduced, whose breaking is supposed to lead to the observed hierarchical pattern of the quark mass spectrum. Specific consequences for the interplay between the quark masses and the weak interaction mixing parameters are derived, in accordance with the observational constraints. They can be regarded as stringent constraints for any realistic dynamical theory of the quark mass spectrum. CP violation is absent in the limit m_u=m_d=0. A specific way to describe the weak interaction mixing emerges.     

The ferromagnetic phase of quark matter in the framework of one gluon exchange and thermodynamics with the density-temperature-dependent particle mass model

In the current work we examine the possibility of ferromagnetism phase of quark matter by using the one gluon exchange interaction and the thermodynamics with the density-temperature-dependent particle masses as well as the normal thermodynamics (with constant masses). We calculate the free energy per particle of the polarized and unpolarized states to discuss the difference between these two phases at various densities and temperatures. In our calculations we assume that the QCD coupling, α_c, is constant (the simple model) or varies with the temperature and the density (the asymptotic freedom); but we keep α_c less than one, because we intend to use the perturbation method to calculate the exchange energy. We also assume that the up and down quarks are massless and do not interact. Only the strange quarks interact with each other via the one gluon exchange interaction. The free and internal energies as well as the effective masses and the pressure are calculated at different densities and temperatures. The results are discussed and a comparison is made with those of Tatsumi. Finally it is shown that the present models do not predict any transition for the strange quark matter to its ferromagnetic phase.     

Effective field theory analysis of new physics in e + e −→W + W − at a linear collider

The effective Lagrangian with scalar and vector resonances that might result from new strong physics beyond the SM is formulated and studied. In particular, the scalar resonance representing the recently discovered 125-GeV boson is complemented with the SU(2) _L+R triplet of hypothetical vector resonances. Motivated by experimental and theoretical considerations, the vector resonance is allowed to couple directly to the third quark generation only. The coupling is chiral-dependent and the interaction of the right top quark can differ from that of the right bottom quark. To estimate the applicability range of the effective Lagrangian the unitarity of the gauge boson scattering amplitudes is analyzed. The experimental fits and limits on the free parameters of the vector resonance triplet are investigated.     

Vacuum condensates in the bag model

The consequences of having quark and gluon condensates inside a MIT bag are investigated. We show that one naturally expects a state dependent bag constant and a colour-magnetic interaction term ～R². This gives the possibility of having a small strong coupling constant α_s inside the bag.     

Dynamical quark effects on the hadronic spectrum and qq-potential in lattice QCD

The results of a calculation which incorporates virtual quark-antiquark pairs at a coupling of β=5.7 and quark mass of 0.05 are compared with those of two quenched simulations at β=5.895 and 6. The inclusion of the dynamical quark produces no effects in the hadron mass spectrum besides an overall shift in the coupling. In contrast, the Wilson lopp factors show a non-trivial effect, in the form of a flattening of the heavy quark potential. All three studies were carried out on a 10³·32 lattice.     

Mass splitting of the pseudoscalar and vector mesons induced by the homogeneous vacuum gluon field

Masses of the pseudoscalar and vector mesons are calculated within the generalized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model taking into account homogeneous vacuum gluon field. This vacuum provides an analytical quark confinement. Colorless modes are determined by the confined gluons and are described by the nonlocal quark currents with appropriate radial and angular quantum numbers. An interaction of the quark spin with the vacuum gluon field arises naturally within the model under consideration. It is shown that this spin-field interaction leads to mass splitting between vector and pseudoscalar mesons with identical quark structure (ρ-π,K-K ^* and so on). This allows to use the four-fermion coupling constant being common for both nonets.     

Generalized permutation symmetry and the flavour problem inSU(2)L×U(1)

A generalized permutation group is introduced as a possible horizontal symmetry forSU(2)_L×U(1) gauge theories. It leads to the unique two generation quark mass matrices with a correct prediction for the Cabibbo angle. For three generations the model exhibits spontaneousCP violation, correlates the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing parameterss ₁ ands ₃ and predicts an upper bound for the running top quark mass of approximately 45 GeV. The hierarchy of generations is due to a hierarchy of vacuum expectation values rather than of Yukawa coupling constants.     

The double Δ33 (1236)-resonance in the deuteron

The double Δ₃₃ (1236)-resonance admixture in the deuteron is calculated using π-exchange and π + ?-exchange transition potentials. It is shown that the ?-exchange stabilizes the cut off dependence of the transition potential yielding ～0.5% probability for the resonance with the quark model prediction for the coupling constants.     

Universal multiplicity hypothesis of QCD: Bounds on quark gluon coupling,quark mass and confinement region

Assuming the validity of the universal multiplicity hypothesis of quantum chromodynamics, we estimate bounds on quark gluon coupling (α_S) and quark mass (m) from the experimental data on charged hadron multiplicities. We obtain 0.3 < α_S < 0.5 and m ≈ 100 MeV. Our analysis also suggests the universal quark confinement region to be ≈ O (m_π^?1). Comparison with experiment is made for both the hadronic and leptonic induced reactions.     

Quarkonia from charmonium and renormalization group equations

A prediction of the upsilon and strangeonium spectra is made from the charmonium spectrum by solving the Salpeter equation using an identical potential to that used in charmonium. Effective quark masses and coupling parameters α_s are functions of the inter-quark distance according to the renormalization group equations. The use of the Fermi-Breit-Hamiltonian for obtaining the charmonium hyperfine splitting is criticized.     

Precision measurements in nuclear beta decay

Precision measurements in nuclear beta decay provide sensitive means to determine the fundamental coupling of charged fermions to weak bosons and to test discrete symmetries in the weak interaction. The main motivation of such measurements is to find deviations from Standard Model predictions as possible indications of new physics. I focus here on two topics related to precision measurements in beta decay, namely: (i) the determination of the V _ud element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix from nuclear mirror transitions and (ii) selected measurements of time reversal violating correlations in nuclear and neutron decays. These topics complement those presented in other contributions to this conference.     

Discussion of thermodynamic features within the PNJL model

We discuss some thermodynamical features of a QCD system within the two-flavor Polyakov loop extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio(PNJL) model. Several thermodynamical quantities of interest(pressure, energy density,specific heat, speed of sound, etc.) are investigated and discussed in detail with two different forms of Polyakov loop potential. The effective coupling strength G incorporating a quark feedback(quark condensate) through operator product expansion is also discussed, as well as the relationship between color deconfinement and chiral phase crossover.We find that some thermodynamical quantities have quite different behavior for different Polyakov loop potentials.By changing the characteristic temperature T_0 of the pure Yang-Mills field, we find that when T_0 becomes small,color deconfinement might happen earlier than chiral phase crossover, while their relationship can be determined via some thermodynamical quantities. Furthermore, the behavior of the thermodynamical quantities is quite different in the two different forms of Polyakov loop potential studied. Especially, one of the potentials, specific heat, has two peaks, which correspond to color deconfinement and chiral phase crossover respectively. This interesting phenomenon may shed some light on whether the inflection points of the chiral condensate and deconfinement transitions happen at the same temperature or not for lattice QCD and experimental studies.     

Calculable observables in quantum chromodynamics: (II). Heavy quark production

It is argued that the color-averaged inclusive cross section dσ/d³p for the production of a heavy quark of given momentum p and given flavor is infrared-singularity free and therefore calculable in perturbative QCD if it is evaluated away from heavy quark thresholds and if the typical reaction energy Q is such that α_s(Q)ln[Q/m(Q)] is small, α_s and m being the strong coupling constant and the heavy quark mass respectively. An interpretation of this cross section is proposed in terms of heavy flavor hadronic production.     

Monte Carlo meets the fishnet: String formation in a gas of Feynman diagrams

It is likely that the quark confinement mechanism at large N should be understood purely in terms of high-order planar Feynman diagrams; in particular, the center of the gauge group can play no role whatever. With this motivation I consider the diagrammatic expansion of loop integrals 〈PTr exp(g∫ø)〉 in planar wrong-sign ø⁴ theory. It is shown that the sum of all fishnet diagrams contributing to the loop can be expressed as the grand partition function of an unusual gas, whose dynamics can be simulated on a computer. The “molecules” of this gas correspond to vertices of the position-space diagrams, the molecular interactions are determined by the propagators, and the coupling constant plays the role of a chemical potential. The most remarkable feature of this gas is the existence of a critical coupling g_c, where string formation takes place. As g → g_c the fishnet vertices tend to cluster around the minimal surface of the loop, thereby forming a string. This is clearly illustrated with the help of computer graphics. The role of asymptotic freedom in bringing the coupling to the critical point, and the connection to the Polyakov string, are also discussed. In the hamiltonian formulation a new and very straightforward explanation of quark confinement is presented.