封面故事

正实践十号返回式科学实验卫星(简称"SJ-10卫星")工程是专门用于"微重力科学和空间生命科学"空间实验的返回式科学实验卫星,于2016年4月6日成功发射。SJ-10卫星总质量约3600 kg,由长征-2D运载火箭发射,轨道倾角63°,近地点轨道高度220 km,远地点轨道高度482 km。卫星在轨工作寿命15天,回收舱设计在轨运行寿命为12天,12天后回收舱返回地球,而留轨舱将继续在轨工作3天。实践十号将完成     

我国实践十号卫星返回地球

正4月18日,我国首颗微重力科学实验卫星——实践十号返回式科学实验卫星(以下简称实践十号)在轨工作12天后,其回收舱准确降落在内蒙古四子王旗预定着陆区域。回收舱着陆状态正常、外观良好,搜索回收任务顺利完成。该任务圆满成功进一步验证     

实践十号返回式卫星自主安全控制策略设计

自主运行和健康管理是航天技术发展的一个重要趋势。为确保实践十号返回式卫星在飞行中的设备安全、整星能源安全和自主运行需求,从卫星系统层面进行了自主安全控制设计。首先,可以使卫星在测控弧段之外出现地面无法反应的故障时能够启动自主安全保护模式;其次,可以使卫星自主执行程序化的功能,减轻地面人员的遥控数据上注压力。实践十号卫星在轨飞行中所采取的系统级自主安全控制策略以及工程设计经验,是对航天自主运行和健康管理技术的有益探索和尝试,对后续航天器的设计有很大的借鉴意义。     

嫦娥一号卫星干涉成像光谱仪电子学设计

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星用于获取矿物光谱信息的干涉成像光谱仪电子学系统设计.概述了电子学系统的技术指标、系统组成、工作模式、外部接口和设计原则,详细描述了焦平面组件设计、视频处理和时序控制组件设计和EMC设计,给出部分正样产品实物照片以及地面实验和在轨飞行图像.各项地面试验和一年的在轨飞行结果表明该设计达到了预定的技术要求.     

遥测和遥控包应用标准在SVOM卫星设计中的应用

SVOM卫星ECLARIs和MXT载荷的管理符合遥测遥控包应用标准（PUS）的要求。在分析PUS核心概念：应用过程、服务和包的基础上,说明卫星在轨管理需求与PUS服务的对应关系,结合两台载荷设备PUS的设计实例说明了裁剪的具体操作方法。为国内测控系统设计与国际标准对接,提高测控设计标准化程度、促进星载数据管理软件产品化设计提供有益的探讨和示例。     

星载太阳辐照度光谱仪短时高精度太阳预报

为了在有限的太阳观测窗口内获得高质量的太阳光谱数据,需保证太阳进入观测窗口时仪器已完成自身预热。为保证仪器预热时间的一致性,需在轨实时预报预热开始时刻,需对每轨太阳开始进入仪器观测窗口的时间进行短时间高精度预报。详细介绍了一种由卫星平台当前广播时间和轨道瞬根推导预报时刻太阳角度的方法。利用该方法预报某一太阳同步轨道卫星本体坐标系下的太阳角度,并将预报结果与STK仿真结果进行比对。该预报方法在预热时间内的最大角度误差为0.5°,导致预热时间最大偏差为20 s,满足1 min的指标要求。分析了预报方法中的主要误差来源,为后续卫星载荷的在轨太阳角度短期预报提供了借鉴与参考。     

ITER中子通量监测控制系统建模与设计

根据中子诊断系统测量和控制的需求分析,在Enterprise Architect平台上建立了中子通量监测系统的设计模型。按照ITER制定的仪器控制系统框架,基于用例以及延伸出的系统需求和用户需求,进行了包括信号调理、运行控制、测量计算等功能的详细分析。通过功能映射设计出等离子放电、设备维护检修以及系统验收测试等工作模式下的自动运行流程,完成了符合ITER控制、数据采集及通讯规范的软硬件架构以及与ITER中央控制系统集成的初步设计方案。     

从Pleiades剖析新一代高性能小卫星技术发展

综述了著名的新一代极限性能高分辨小卫星Pleiades,说明了该卫星的技术特点,同时给出了其关键技术指标,并且有针对性地剖析了Pleiades在多星组网轨道设计、一体化超分辨焦平面设计、一体化综合电子学设计及敏捷姿态控制系统设计等方面所采用的先进技术和设计理念。在此基础上,提出了适应我国国情的小卫星新技术发展方向,包括CMOS TDI模式成像技术、高动态范围视频成像技术、基于可重构模块的柔性化集成技术、基于软件总线的星载软件设计技术以及星载一体化设计技术等,为今后我国研发具有更高的地面分辨率、在轨成像效率和成像质量的新一代高性能小卫星提供了新的思路。     

用于光谱基准定标传递技术的传递辐射计研究综述

传递辐射计是实现卫星遥感仪器在轨光谱辐射定标传递的核心设备,也是地面实验室高精度光谱定标系统的关键。介绍了不同机构研制的覆盖350～700, 700～2 500 nm谱段的多个传递辐射计的结构组成、工作原理及辐射定标基准传递方式,及其异同点的比对,再通过它们在不同谱段的定标过程中所应用的关键技术的分析,说明每种技术的优缺点和所能达到的精度,及其应用条件。文中通过对国际上标准计量机构采用的光谱辐亮度基准定标传递过程的介绍,突出了传递辐射计系统的重要作用,再结合其对光谱仪等遥感器定标光源的定标监测应用,说明了传递辐射计在航天辐射定标领域的不可或缺性。最后,通过国内设计的新型传递辐射计的介绍,对传递辐射计未来研究的发展方向和关键问题进行了展望,并对传递辐射计搭配低温辐射计组成的未来实现可溯源国际单位制在轨基准定标传递系统所存在的研究难点予以预测分析。     

导航卫星上行注入与测距性能测试系统设计

导航卫星的上行注入与测距性能是卫星导航系统服务精度一个重要保证,设计了一种导航卫星的上行注入与测距性能测试系统;该系统以控制处理计算机为核心,并结合了专用设计的基准频率发生器模块、基准时间发生器模块、注入信号发生器模块和通用商业化仪器,能实时动态地模拟导航卫星在轨期间接收地面注入信号的情形,完成导航卫星上行注入性能测试中电文信息的生成和比对以及上行测距性能测试;该测试系统稳定、灵活,测量精度高,而且可以通过修改测试软件参数来满足新的测试要求,便于测试系统的升级改造。     

基于神经网络和滑模控制的不确定混沌系统同步

基于滑模控制技术和径向基函数神经网络,设计出一种神经滑模控制器,实现了两个不确定混沌系统的同步.控制器的设计不依赖于系统的数学模型,只与系统的输出状态有关,而且对参数不确定性和外界干扰具有较强的稳健性.最后,利用本方法设计出控制器实现了未知Lorenz系统的自同步、未知Lorenz系统与Chen系统之间的异结构同步,而且响应时间短,同步效果好. 关键词： 混沌同步 滑模控制 神经网络 不确定混沌系统     

基于模糊滑模的有限时间混沌同步实现

提出了混沌同步有限时间实现问题.应用全程滑模控制技术，选择指数型终端滑模趋近律来设计滑模控制器，以实现一类混沌系统的状态同步.该设计方案针对混沌系统的参数不确定性和外界扰动，引入模糊基函数网络，在线估计不确定性和外部扰动的界值.同时该方案消除了滑模控制的到达阶段，状态始终保持在滑模面上，并能在有限时间内趋近于原点.最后以Duffing系统为例研究验证同步策略的可行性和有效性.     

Synchronization and control of chaos in coupled chaotic multimode Nd:YAG lasers

In this Letter we numerically investigate the dynamics of a system of two coupled chaotic multimode Nd:YAG lasers with two mode and three mode outputs. Unidirectional and bidirectional coupling schemes are adopted; intensity time series plots, phase space plots and synchronization plots are used for studying the dynamics. Quality of synchronization is measured using correlation index plots. It is found that for laser with two mode output bidirectional direct coupling scheme is found to be effective in achieving complete synchronization, control of chaos and amplification in output intensity. For laser with three mode output, bidirectional difference coupling scheme gives much better chaotic synchronization as compared to unidirectional difference coupling but at the cost of higher coupling strength. We also conclude that the coupling scheme and system properties play an important role in determining the type of synchronization exhibited by the system.     

基于卫星共视法的电网时频测量及同步技术

时间同步对电网的安全和管理有着重要影响,如何准确可靠地同步电网时间值得研究。为此,提出利用卫星共视技术进行电网时间频率的远程校准、进而实现电网时间同步的方法。首先,提出电力系统的四级时间频率溯源体系,明确了电网时间频率溯源关系。其次,研究建立了可以满足卫星共视要求的时间频率计量标准装置,依托标准装置,将卫星共视技术应用于电力系统时间频率远程校准中,利用卡尔曼滤波算法去除干扰,并分析了基于卫星共视技术的电网时间频率同步方法。为定量评价提出方法的有效性,研究了采用提出的方法进行溯源时的时间不确定度和频率不确定度。实验及分析结果表明,提出的方法可以实现时间频率量值的高精度远程传递,从而保障电力系统中的时间同步。     

Analysis of phase synchronization of chaotic oscillations in terms of symbolic CTQ-analysis

The application of symbolic CTQ-analysis for studying synchronization of chaotic oscillations is considered. This approach differs substantially from its analogs since it makes it possible to diagnose and measure quantitatively the characteristics of intermittency regimes in synchronization of chaotic systems and, hence, to analyzer the temporal structure of synchronization. The application of the symbolic analysis apparatus based on the T alphabet to systems with phase locking and synchronization of time scales is demonstrated for the first time. As an example, a complex system of two mutually coupled nonidentical Rössler oscillators in the helical chaos regime with attractors having an ill-conditioned phase is considered. The results show that the method considered here makes it possible to reliably diagnose synchronism sooner than a phase locking and/or time-scale synchronization threshold is detected.     

Dispersion of refractoriness and induction of reentry due to chaos synchronization in a model of cardiac tissue

Ventricular fibrillation is a lethal condition caused by multiple chaotically wandering electrical wavelets in the heart, reentering their own and each other's territories. The development of effective therapies requires a detailed understanding of how these reentrant waves are initiated. In this Letter, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for inducing reentry, in which chaos synchronization causes large-scale heterogeneities of refractoriness transverse to the direction of propagation. These regions of increased refractoriness create localized conduction block, which induces spiral wave reentry.     

COMPASS time synchronization and dissemination—Toward centimetre positioning accuracy

In this paper we investigate methods to achieve highly accurate time synchronization among the satellites of the COMPASS global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Owing to the special design of COMPASS which implements several geo-stationary satellites (GEO), time synchronization can be highly accurate via microwave links between ground stations to the GEO satellites. Serving as space-borne relay stations, the GEO satellites can further disseminate time and frequency signals to other satellites such as the inclined geo-synchronous (IGSO) and mid-earth orbit (MEO) satellites within the system. It is shown that, because of the accuracy in clock synchronization, the theoretical accuracy of COMPASS positioning and navigation will surpass that of the GPS. In addition, the COMPASS system can function with its entire positioning, navigation, and time-dissemination services even without the ground link, thus making it much more robust and secure. We further show that time dissemination using the COMPASS-GEO satellites to earth-fixed stations can achieve very high accuracy, to reach 100 ps in time dissemination and 3 cm in positioning accuracy, respectively. In this paper, we also analyze two feasible synchronization plans. All special and general relativistic effects related to COMPASS clocks frequency and time shifts are given. We conclude that COMPASS can reach centimeter-level positioning accuracy and discuss potential applications.     

基于GPS/BD的高精度授时关键技术研究*

Aim at the problem that the precision of the past satellite communication terminal system isn't high, designed a system that can provide accurate and standard PPS and timing information for the testing instrument of precision time, used the idea of high-stability GPS system and high-reliability BD system to design a dual-model redundance system, FPGA and DSP are used as a central control core, combined the key technology of undamaged dual-model timing, the placeholder optimization of BNC and optimizing of PPS model, provided a unified time standard for all kinds of ground testing control equipments to ensure the high-precision synchronization on time among testing control equipments. Testing results show that this system can provide 20ns PPS of the average accuracy for time interval measuring instrument, and the reliability is high.     

The method and experiment analysis of two-way common-view satellite time transfer for compass system

Time synchronization between ground and satellites is a key technology for satellite navigation system. With dual-channel satellite, a method called Two-Way Common-View(TWCV) satellite time transfer for Compass system is proposed, which combines both characteristics of satellite common-view and two-way satellite-ground time transfer. By satellite-ground two-way pseudo-range differencing and two stations common-view differencing, this TWCV method can completely eliminate the influence of common errors, such as satellite clock offset, ephemeris errors, troposphere delay and station coordinates errors. At the same time, ionosphere delay related to signal frequency is also weakened significantly. So the precision of time transfer is improved much more greatly than before. In this paper, the basic principle is introduced in detail, the effect of major errors is analyzed and the practical calculation model in the Earth-fixed coordinate system for this new method is provided. Finally, experiment analysis is conducted with actual Compass observing data. The results show that the deviation and the stability of the satellite dual channel can be better than 0.1 ns, and the accuracy of the two-way common-view satellite time transfer can achieve 0.4 ns. All these results have verified the correctness of this TWCV method and model. In addition, we compare this TWCV satellite time transfer with the independent C-band TWSTFT(Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer). It shows that the result of the TWCV satellite time transfer is in accordance with the C-band TWSTFT result, which further suggests that the TWCV method is a remote high precision time transfer technique. The research results in this paper are very important references for the development and application of Compass satellite navigation system.