受约束多体系统一种新的违约校正方法

本文针对受约束多体系统的违约问题提出了一种新的违约校正方法．同以往的违约校正方法相比，本方法具有物理意义明确，计算工作量小，校正效果明显的优点．本文的方法对动力学方程的破坏较小，能同任何积分方法配合使用，可有效地将约束方程的违约控制在给定的精度范围内．数值仿真的结果表明了本方法的有效性．     

空间可展桁架拟静力展开分析的违约稳定方法

本文首次提出可展桁架拟静力展开分析的违约问题。根据受约束动力系统违约稳定与广义逆理论。采用位置违约的最小范数最小二乘解进行主动校正,有效降低位置违约,使展开过程位形模拟更准确。文中四个算例表明该方法正确、可靠。     

多体系统指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正1）

采用Cartesian绝对坐标建模方法,完整约束多体系统运动方程是指标3的微分--代数方程（differentialalgebraic equations,DAEs）,数值求解指标3的DAEs属于高指标问题,通过对位置约束方程求导,可使运动方程的指标降为2.位置约束方程求导得到的是速度约束方程.直接求解指标3的运动方程,速度约束方程得不到满足,而且高指标DAEs的数值求解存在一些问题.论文首先采用HHT（Hilber--Hughes--Taylor）直接积分方法求解降指标得到的指标2运动方程,此时速度约束方程参与离散计算,从机器精度上讲速度约束自然得到满足,而位置约束方程没有参与计算,存在“违约”.针对违约问题,采用基于Moore--Penrose广义逆理论的违约校正方法,消除位置约束方程的违约.指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正,将HHT方法和违约校正方法很好地结合,在数值求解指标2运动方程的过程中,位置约束方程和速度约束方程都不存在违约问题,而且新方法没有引入新的未知数向量,离散得到的非线性方程组的方程数量与原指标2运动方程的方程数量相同,求解规模没有扩大.新方法的实用和有效性通过算例的数值实验得到验证,数值实验也说明新方法保持了HHT方法本身具有的数值阻尼可以控制和二阶精度的特性.最后从非线性方程组的求解规模和计算速度上与其他方法进行了比较分析,说明新方法的优势所在.     

多体系统指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正

采用Cartesian绝对坐标建模方法,完整约束多体系统运动方程是指标3的微分-代数方程(differentialalgebraic equations,DAEs),数值求解指标3的DAEs属于高指标问题,通过对位置约束方程求导,可使运动方程的指标降为2.位置约束方程求导得到的是速度约束方程.直接求解指标3的运动方程,速度约束方程得不到满足,而且高指标DAEs的数值求解存在一些问题.论文首先采用HHT(Hilber--Hughes--Taylor)直接积分方法求解降指标得到的指标2运动方程,此时速度约束方程参与离散计算,从机器精度上讲速度约束自然得到满足,而位置约束方程没有参与计算,存在"违约".针对违约问题,采用基于Moore--Penrose广义逆理论的违约校正方法,消除位置约束方程的违约.指标2运动方程HHT方法违约校正,将HHT方法和违约校正方法很好地结合,在数值求解指标2运动方程的过程中,位置约束方程和速度约束方程都不存在违约问题,而且新方法没有引入新的未知数向量,离散得到的非线性方程组的方程数量与原指标2运动方程的方程数量相同,求解规模没有扩大.新方法的实用和有效性通过算例的数值实验得到验证,数值实验也说明新方法保持了HHT方法本身具有的数值阻尼可以控制和二阶精度的特性.最后从非线性方程组的求解规模和计算速度上与其他方法进行了比较分析,说明新方法的优势所在.     

多体系统动力学方程的无违约数值计算方法

多体系统动力学方程为3阶微分代数方程,已有的约束违约稳定法存在位移违约问题,数值仿真准确性和稳定性不足。本文将求解高阶微分代数方程的降阶理论、ε嵌入处理方式与隐式龙格库塔法相结合,提出了直接满足位移约束条件的多体系统动力学方程的无违约算法,避免了约束违约问题。该方法先将多体动力学方程转化为2阶微分代数方程,并与位移约束方程联立;再应用ε嵌入隐式龙格库塔法进行数值求解。应用两种方法分别对单摆机构进行数值仿真,结果表明本文的方法不仅能适应较大步长,且准确性和稳定性均优于约束违约稳定法。     

多体系统动力学方程违约修正的数值计算方法

多体系统动力学方程为微分代数方程,一般将其转化成常微分方程组进行数值计算,在数值积分的过程中约束方程的违约会逐渐增大.本文对具有完整、定常约束的多体系统,在修改的带乘子Lagrange正则形式的方程的基础上,根据Baumgarte提出的违约修正的方法,给出了一种多体系统微分代数方程违约修正法和系统的动力学方程的矩阵表达式.通过对曲柄-滑块机构的数值仿真,计算结果表明本文给出的方法在计算精度和计算效率上好于Baumgarte提出的两种违约修正的方法.     

可展桁架结构展开过程分析

提出了一种分析构架式结构展开过程的有效算法。基于含多余广义坐标的动力学普遍方程 ,利用约束雅可比矩阵的零空间基引入一组准速率 ,得到独立的展开过程分析的动力学微分方程。为提高展开模拟的数值精度 ,文中提出了一种控制展开过程几何违约、速度违约和能量违约的数值稳定算法。该算法求解效率高 ,能和任意数值积分方法结合使用 ,能分析大型的构架式可展结构的展开过程     

硅微陀螺正交误差直流校正设计与分析

为硅微陀螺设计了一种正交误差直流校正方法,通过设计校正结构和加载直流电压实现正交校正。建立了存在正交误差时敏感质量的运动微分方程,分析明确了正交响应的成因和对驱动运动轨迹的影响。为硅微陀螺设计了正交校正结构,实现构建静电耦合弹性系数并利用驱动运动产生校正静电力。校正力的频率和相位无需电路控制,使该方法相较于传统校正方法具备特殊优势。设计并分析了校正电压的两种加载方式,通过实验测试验证了正交响应幅值随校正电压的变化规律。实测校正电压接近理论值,证明了校正结构设计的正确性。该方法在双线振动式硅微陀螺中具有重要应用价值。     

双质量硅微机械陀螺仪正交校正系统设计及测试

为了减小正交误差对双质量硅微机械陀螺仪性能的影响,进一步提高陀螺精度和工程化成品率,对双质量结构正交耦合刚度校正法进行了研究。首先,针对双质量陀螺结构的特殊形式,分析了其左、右结构中正交耦合刚度不相等的原因,并结合相敏检测相位误差对正交耦合刚度值进行了计算,进一步量化了其对输出信号的影响;其次,结合正交校正梳齿结构介绍了耦合刚度校正法的工作原理,并基于左、右结构单独校正的方法设计了双质量结构正交校正控制系统;最后,对正交校正前后的双质量微机械陀螺仪进行了详细测试,结果证实了双质量单独校正比整体校正效果更好,各项参数均有较大提高,其中零偏稳定性从校正前的540(°)/h提高到了正交后的24.05(°)/h(1σ),证明了提出的两质量块单独校正方法的可行性和实用性。     

基于递推最小二乘的在线罗差校正方法

现有罗差校正方法不同程度地存在着需要精确控制采样点、校正结果受噪声影响大、不能实现现场环境下的在线校正等问题。针对这一问题,设计了一种基于递推最小二乘的在线罗差校正方法。介绍了罗差校正的基本原理,推导了基于递推最小二乘罗差校正的实现过程,设计了转台试验及车载试验进行验证分析。两次转台试验中,罗差校正前后系统航向角误差标准差分别由30.9418°与3.2407°降低至3.8861°与1.2964°;车载试验中,车辆仅需原地转圈即可实现罗差校正,15 min跑车结果显示,校正后航向角误差标准差由17.2037°降低至2.8818°。试验结果表明,该罗差校正方法简单易用,可应用于现场在线校正,相比传统方法高效、稳定。     

An automatic constraint violation stabilization method for differential/ algebraic equations of motion in multibody system dynamics

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Application of the continuum shell finite element SHB8PS to sheet forming simulation using an extended large strain anisotropic elastic–plastic formulation

This paper proposes an extension of the SHB8PS solid–shell finite element to large strain anisotropic elasto-plasticity, with application to several non-linear benchmark tests including sheet metal forming simulations. This hexahedral linear element has an arbitrary number of integration points distributed along a single line, defining the “thickness” direction; and to control the hourglass modes inherent to this reduced integration, a physical stabilization technique is used. In addition, the assumed strain method is adopted for the elimination of locking. The implementation of the element in Abaqus/Standard via the UEL user subroutine has been assessed through a variety of benchmark problems involving geometric non-linearities, anisotropic plasticity, large deformation and contact. Initially designed for the efficient simulation of elastic–plastic thin structures, the SHB8PS exhibits interesting potentialities for sheet metal forming applications—both in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The element shows good performance on the selected tests, including springback and earing predictions for Numisheet benchmark problems.     

Geometric bias and time coincidence in 3-dimensional laser Doppler velocimeter systems

The measurement by a 3-d laser Doppler velocimeter of a turbulent flow has been numerically simulated. Errors associated with the probe volume geometry and the coincidence time window concept are revealed. One type of error occurs for high system data rates when multiple particles lead to system realizations. Another error occurs associated with a geometric bias discovered in the present study. This 3-d Idv geometric bias exists even for single-particle realizations and regardless of the system data rate. A technique for the elimination of the geometric bias is presented.     

Investigation of certain techniques for stabilizing detonationwaves in a supersonic flow

The salient features of detonation wave propagation in a supersonic flow of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture in plane channels of both constant and variable cross-section are numerically investigated for the purpose of determining the conditions ensuring stabilized detonation. The propagation of a detonation wave formed in a variable-cross-section channel is studied. For different inflow Mach numbers the geometric parameters of a channel providing the detonation combustion stabilization are determined. An investigation of detonation wave stabilization in a supersonic flow of a combustible gas mixture in a plane channel with parallel walls using additional weak discharges is continued. The effects of the flow Mach number, the additional discharge energy, and the discharge location on detonation wave stabilization are studied.     

Lie Algebraic Control for the Stabilization of Nonlinear Multibody System Dynamics Simulation

It is well known that when equations of motion are formulated using Lagrange multipliers for multibody dynamic systems, one obtains a redundant set of differential algebraic equations. Numerical integration of these equations can lead to numerical difficulties associated with constraint violation drift. One approach that has been explored to alleviate this difficulty has been contraint stabilization methods. In this paper, a family of stabilization methods are considered as partial feedback linearizing controllers. Several stabilization methods including the range space method, null space method, Baumgarte's method, and the damping and stiffness penalty methods are examined. Each can be construed as a particular partial feedback linearizing controller. The paper closes by comparing several of these constraint stabilization methods to another method suggested by construction: the variable structure sliding (VSS) control. The VSS method is found to be the most efficient, stable, and robust in the presence of singularities.     

CONSTRAINT VIOLATION STABILIZATION OF EULER-LAGRANGE EQUATIONS WITH NON-HOLONOMIC CONSTRAINTS

Two constraint violation stabilization methods are presented to solve the Euler Lagrange equations of motion of a multibody system with nonholonomic constraints. Compared to the previous works, the newly devised methods can deal with more complicated problems such as those with nonholonomic constraints or redundant constraints, and save the computation time. Finally a numerical simulation of a multibody system is conducted by using the methods given in this paper.     

Mixed testing strategies in the quality check problem for stabilization algorithms

The maximin testing problem for the stabilization quality of linear systems with discrete initial and parametric disturbances is considered. A testing procedure is implemented by reducing the original dynamic game to a geometric game. The transition to a mixed expansion of the geometric game is proposed in the absence of saddle points. An optimal mixed disturbance strategy is shown to be applicable.     

Non-linear response of laminated plates and shells to thermomechanical loading: Implications of violation of interlaminar shear traction continuity requirement

A number of results focusing on the implications brought by the violation of the inter-laminar shear traction continuity requirement on the non-linear response of shear deformable laminated flat and curved panels subjected to thermomechanical loading are presented. The results cover a large number of situations, and in this context, the effects of transverse shear, tangential edge constraints, shell curvature, initial geometric imperfections, lateral pressure and compressive edge loads, membrane and thicknesswise temperature gradient, presence of a Winkler linear/non-linear foundation, coupled with that of the fulfilment/violation of the shear traction interlaminar continuity requirement upon the static and dynamic non-linear response of laminated plates and shells are highlighted. In order to address this problem, as a necessary pre-requisite, a higher-order geometrically non-linear laminated shell model fulfilling both the kinematical and shear traction interlaminar continuity requirements and incorporating the previously mentioned effects is presented. The results obtained in the framework of this laminated shell model are compared with the ones obtained within a higher-order shell model in which the kinematic interlaminar continuity conditions are solely satisfied, and the implications resulting from the violation of the shear traction interlaminar continuity requirement are highlighted.