金属氧化物掺杂改善LiFePO4电化学性能

采用氧化物前驱体对磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)进行少量金属离子掺杂，并用XRD，SEM和恒电流充放电对掺杂的LiFePO₄进行了研究。结果表明，少量的掺杂离子在很大程度上提高了LiFePO₄的电化学性能，特别是大电流放电性能。1.0 mol%的Nb⁵⁺掺杂LiFePO₄的0.1 C放电容量约150 mAh·g^-1；即使在3 C倍率下放电，也有117 mAh·g^-1的容量。掺杂的效果与掺杂离子的半径、价态密切相关，半径小、价态高的离子对提高LiFePO₄的电化学性能有利。在掺杂量较小时(<2.0 mol%)，掺杂效果与掺杂离子的浓度关系不大。     

掺杂F-,Sr2+的氧化铈紫外屏蔽和氧化催化性研究

采用沉淀法合成F-,Sr2+单掺杂和共掺杂的氧化铈,探讨了不同掺杂离子对氧化铈紫外屏蔽性能和氧化催化性能的影响.XRD结果表明,F-,Sr2+单掺杂或共掺杂的CeO2均为立方萤石结构,但衍射峰因掺杂离子的不同而稍有偏移.UV-Vis光谱表明,F-,Sr2+单掺杂和共掺杂的氧化铈的紫外屏蔽性能均优于纯氧化铈.共掺杂氟锶后的氧化铈的氧化催化性明显比纯氧化铈的弱,但是,单掺杂氟离子或锶离子的氧化铈的氧化催化性比纯氧化铈的强.     

掺杂态聚苯胺的性能及其防腐应用研究进展

聚苯胺具有良好的导电性和独特的掺杂-解掺杂特性,成为近年来备受关注的导电高分子材料,其特有的抗划伤、抗点蚀和钝化性能使其在金属防腐领域拥有巨大的应用前景。聚苯胺结构中苯环的存在,使得其分子链具有较大刚性,而分子间氢键又导致其难溶、难熔、可加工性能较差,严重制约了聚苯胺的应用。掺杂过程能有效改善聚苯胺的某些性能,或赋予其新的功能,扩展聚苯胺的应用。本文综述了聚苯胺的掺杂方式、掺杂机理、聚苯胺防腐材料的制备方法,以及其在金属防腐领域的应用,展望了聚苯胺的研究和应用前景。     

La或N掺杂SiC纳米线的制备、场发射性能及第一性原理计算

采用化学气相沉积法和气相掺杂法, 分别制备了La 或N掺杂的SiC 纳米线. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分析和X射线衍射(XRD)等测试手段对两种产物的微观形貌、元素组成和物相结构进行了系统表征. 以合成产物作为阴极, 对其场发射性能进行测试, 结果表明: SiC 纳米线的开启电场值和阈值电场值由未掺杂的2.3、6.6 V·μm^-1分别降低为1.2、5.2 V·μm^-1(La 掺杂)和0.9、0.4 V·μm^-1(N 掺杂). 采用Material Studio 软件中的Castep 模块建立(3×3×2)晶格结构模型, 对未掺杂、La 或N掺杂SiC 的能带结构和态密度进行计算, 结果显示: La或N掺杂后, 在费米能级附近产生了新的La 5d或N 2p掺杂能级, 导致禁带宽度(带隙)变窄, 使得价带电子更容易跨越禁带进入导带, 从而改善SiC纳米线的场发射性能.     

li+掺杂对casio3∶pb2+,mn2+晶体结构及荧光性能的影响

li+掺杂;偏硅酸盐;晶体结构;荧光性能     

铝钴复合掺杂的氢氧化镍的制备及其电性能

低热固相反应;氢氧化镍;电化学性能;复合掺杂     

MoO3氧化物掺杂改善LiFePO4 / 乙炔黑电化学性能研究

采用MoO₃氧化物前驱物对磷酸铁锂(LiFePO₄)进行少量的掺杂，并用XRD、SEM、CV及恒流充放电测试对产物进行了研究。研究表明，少量的掺杂并未影响到LiFePO₄的晶体结构，但却能够在一定程度上改善LiFePO₄的电化学性能。其中650 ℃焙烧的1% Mo掺杂的LiFePO₄材料性能较好，该材料在以0.2 C的倍率充放电时，充放电曲线具有平稳的电压平台和较大的充放电容量，首次放电容量能达到     

Fe3+-H掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备、表征与催化性能

Fe3+-H掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备、表征与催化性能;二氧化钛;掺杂;光催化;铁离子;等离子体     

复合掺杂改性的尖晶石LiMn1.98Cr0.02O4-yCly的研究

采用改进的高温固相法合成了阴阳离子复合掺杂改性的锂离子电池尖晶石结构正极材料LiMn1.98Cr0.02O4-yCly(y=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.10). 采用X射线衍射手段对材料的晶体结构进行了表征. 从材料的晶体结构、充放电容量、循环性能和倍率放电特性等方面分析了复合掺杂在稳定晶体结构和改善材料电化学性能方面的作用. 实验结果表明, 由于复合掺杂的综合作用, 改性后的材料既保持了高的初始容量, 又具有优良的循环性能, 倍率放电性能也得到了有效的改善. 其中LiMn1.98Cr0.02O3.96Cl0.04的综合性能最优, 初始放电比容量达到127 mA·h/g以上, 循环50次后仍有110 mA·h/g的放电比容量.     

掺杂氧化锌的掺杂元素计量技术研究进展

概述了掺杂氧化锌的掺杂性能、吸波机理以及化学成分计量的研究和发展现状。重点介绍了半导体、稀土元素和金属离子掺杂氧化锌的吸波性能的改变与掺杂元素含量的关系,通过对氧化锌化学计量方法和标准物质现状的分析,指出掺杂氧化锌计量技术将向着高灵敏度、低检测限、多元素覆盖范围的方向发展。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.