空气喷吹强化水平旋转圆筒的冷却

一、前言 空气冷却旋转圆筒,文献[1]曾研究了均匀流场中空气外掠水平旋转圆筒的换热,实验圆筒直径50mm。文献[2]则在忽略自然对流的条件下,对均匀流场理想绕流的旋转圆筒换热进行了理论分析。对于较大直径的旋转圆筒,采用置于风洞中冷却的方法是极不经济的,有鉴于此,本文提出采用条形喷咀喷吹的方法强化旋转圆筒的冷却,并研究了它的换热过程,得到了换热关联式。     

剪切力驱动下混合对流问题的介观模拟

本文采用能量守恒耗散粒子动力学(eDPD)方法研究了内含椭圆热源的封闭方腔内的对流换热问题。提出一种处理曲面边界和移动边界的新方法,模拟了剪切力驱动的混合对流换热问题以及椭圆热源被迫旋转引起的混合对流换热问题,分析了剪切力方向、理查森数Ri和椭圆被迫旋转对混合对流换热特性的影响,并且得到了不同条件下的流线图和等温线图。研究结果表明,横向剪切时Ri数对方腔内的传热影响并不显著而纵向剪切时Ri对方腔内的流动与传热的影响非常明显;椭圆热源被迫旋转给流场带来扰动,使等温线发生扭曲,但是整个流场的结构没有发生根本性的改变。     

基于(火积)耗散极值原理的管外流场优化

本文基于(火积)耗散极值原理得到了对流传热的优化场协同方程,用Fluent数值模拟求解层流状态下的管外流动换热的优化流场。得到了管外流动的优化速度场为多纵向涡结构形态,对优化流场进行分析,发现优化流场的综合换热效果远远高于原型流场。通过在管外添加扰流片的方法,来产生带有纵向涡的流场,达到优化管外流动传热的目的。数值模拟结果表明,添加扰流片在一定程度上可以强化管外对流换热。     

非对称蛇形旋转通道换热及流场数值研究

为了深入了解空冷涡轮动叶的冷却机理和冷气流动特性,采用商业软件CFX5对旋转状态下某涡轮动叶的非对称蛇形内冷通道模型中的湍流流动和换热性能进行了数值模拟.得到了各主要换热面的换热系数分布,分析了通道内的流动规律.发现肋片结构与旋转因素引起了通道内的横向二次流,使整体的换热能力得到了增强,其中非对称因素及旋转因素导致了各个壁面的换热性能的差异.     

U型通道内部流动与换热的数值研究

应用数值方法研究了燃气轮机叶片内部U型通道内流动与顶部换热特性.采用SST k-ω模型,分析了U型通道内光滑和带凹坑顶部结构以及不同Re数和旋转数对U型通道内部流动和顶部换热的影响。结果表明:在静止条件下,带凹坑结构的通道顶部Nu数较高,并且随着凹坑深度的增加,通道顶部换热能力增强;并且凹坑结构对通道压降的影响较小。随雷诺数增大,凹坑对通道顶部换热增强的幅度降低。在旋转状态下,随着旋转数的增加,通道顶部换热能力增强,但通道压降增大。     

旋转状态半受限冲射流流动和换热特性研究

利用数值模拟的方法,通过改变冲击雷诺数Rej(20000-35000)、旋转数Ro(0-0．0117)等参数,分析旋转条件下半受限单孔冲击射流的流动和换热特性,讨论了旋转对冲击射流的流场结构和换热特性的影响．研究结果表明:冲击射流在离心力和哥氏力的共同作用下发生弯曲,造成冲击靶面上的冲击斑随着旋转数Ro的增加而不断偏移,显著影响了冲击的冷却效果．冲击靶面的平均Nu数随着冲击雷诺数Rej的增加而增加;当旋转数Ro增加时,冲击靶面的平均Nu数先增加,后减小,然后再增加．计算结果和试验结论基本一致．     

模拟涡轮叶片内冷通道方管和锥形管换热的实验研究

1引言在现代燃气涡轮发动机中，涡轮叶片内部设计了各种复杂的冷却通道结构，通人冷却空气，使工作状态下涡轮叶片温度降低，发动机得以安全运转。为此对干旋转情况下各种冷却方式换热效果的研允具有一定的现实意义。本课题时旋转状态下的方形等截面通道和收缩通道的局部对流换热特性进行了初步实验研究。为了近似地模拟叶片的冷却通道，本实验设计了光滑壁面的等截面方形通道、截面为矩形的收缩通道的实验模型。试验模型垂直于试验台的旋转轴转动，冷却气流流动方向向外。通道的热边界条件为等热流。2基本理论分析和实验研究旋转状态下的动…     

同心旋转圆柱间隙流场中纤维取向的动态模拟

本文对两同心旋转圆柱间隙形成的流场以及处于流场中的纤维运动和取向进行了数值研究. 在贴体坐标网格下求解了流场控制方程, 得到了流场中的速度、压力等物理量. 研究了两同心圆柱同速反向旋转以及仅内层圆柱旋转这两种情况下的纤维运动和取向状态. 得到了处于这两种情况下的纤维在流场中从静止到开始运动和取向直至最终达到稳定状态的动态详细过程. 结果表明, 当两个圆柱同速反向旋转时, 纤维运动与取向也相应的呈现两层结构; 而仅内圆柱旋转时, 纤维运动与取向呈单层结构. 在两种情况下, 纤维均沿流线方向运动和取向. 讨论了纤维长径比对纤维取向的影响, 结果表明随着纤维长径比的增加, 纤维沿流线取向的取向度逐渐增强.     

一种带前输出轴的直升机进气道性能试验研究

本文针对带有前输出轴直升机进气道结构特点,以实验的方法,着重研究在悬停与前飞状态下的直升机进气道流场特性,测量并分析了沿程静压分布、进气道出口截面流场畸变指数、总压恢复系数等进气道性能参数。结果表明,此类进气道在悬停与前飞状态下进气道内均存在某种程度的气流分离,在悬停状态时总压损失和出口流场畸变都不大,但在前飞状态时由于自由流直接进入进气道外侧,使得出口流场畸变变大,且随着前飞速度的增加出口流场不断恶化。     

不同磁致纵向涡形式对空气对流换热的影响

为揭示不同磁致纵向涡对通道内空气对流换热的影响规律,分别就两极和四极钕铁硼永磁体作用下的矩形通道内的对流换热进行了数值模拟。模拟以通道入口段的流动和换热为对象,得到了不同Re和不同壁温下的流场和温度场, 对流换热的Nu和阻力系数,以及场协同数Fc。结果表明,不同纵向涡形式下的流场和温度场的协同性不同,具有八纵向涡形式的对流换热的协同性优于四纵向涡形式,强化效果也优于四纵向涡。     

Numerical modeling of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a quartered gearwheel-shaped heat exchanger using FVM

The numerical modeling of natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer in a quarter of gearwheel-shaped heat exchanger is carried out. The heat exchanger is included with internal active square bodies. These bodies have hot and cold temperatures with different thermal arrangements. Three different thermal arrangements are considered and showed with Case A, Case B and Case C. The CuO-water nanofluid is selected as operating fluid. The Koo-Kleinstreuer-Li (KKL) correlation is utilized to estimate the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity. In addition, the shapes of nanoparticles are taken account in the analysis. The Rayleigh number, nanoparticle concentration and thermal arrangements of internal active bodies are the governing parameters. The impacts of these parameters on the fluid flow, heat transfer rate, local and total entropy generation and heatlines are studied, comprehensively. The results show that the heat transfer rate enhances with increasing of Rayleigh number and nanoparticle concentration. Moreover, the thermal arrangement of internal active bodies has considerable effect on the heat transfer between heat sources and heat sinks. On the other hand, the total entropy generation enhances and decreases with increasing of Rayleigh number and nanoparticle concentration, respectively.     

Heat Transfer and Emission Characteristics of Impinging Rich Methane and Ethylene Jet Flames

Flame impingement heat transfer has widespread industrial and domestic applications and attaining high heat flux as well as low emission of pollutants is the important prerequisite for all such applications. In this article, the heat transfer and emission characteristics of a laminar flame jet impinging on a flat target plate have been investigated experimentally. The effect of reactant jet Reynolds number, equivalence ratio and burner to plate separation distance on the average heat flux, and emissions of CO and NO_x are studied using methane and ethylene fuels. Results indicate that the heat flux is maximized under certain operating conditions of jet Re, equivalence ratio, and separation distance between the burner and the target. Fuel type is found to have an effect on the heat transfer rate because of the varying luminosity of the flame with different fuels. Operating regimes that produce lower emission of pollutants are also identified. Findings of this article have direct industrial relevance to flame impingement heat transfer applications that have small target plate-to-burner port diameter ratios.     

Numerical analysis of three-dimensional flow and thermal behaviour in a scraped-surface heat exchanger

In the present work, heat transfer from a jacketed wall of a scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) is numerically simulated. With the purpose to analyse the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviour under various operating and geometrical conditions, the three-dimensional form of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations are discretized using the controlled-volume method. The hydrodynamic and thermal behaviour can take a variety of possible configurations depending on the number, shape, size of the scrapers and the ratio of rotation to the axial Reynolds numbers. Stagnation points can be easily located, which may be of interest for improving temperature-sensitive processes. The rate of heat transfer is also numerically determined in order to optimize operating and geometrical conditions.     

A comparative thermodynamic study of R22-DMETEG and R22-DMF compression-absorption heat pumps

The thermodynamic performance data on the R22-DMETEG compression-absorption heat pump is presented. Parameters such as coefficient of performance, exergetic efficiency, concentration differential and circulation ratio are computed for different operating temperatures and compression ratios. The results are compared with those of a CAHP operating with R22-DMF as the working fluid. The study reveals that R22-DMETEG performs better at temperature lifts lower than about 40°C and also at lower heat delivery temperatures.     

黑腔冷冻靶传热与自然对流的数值模拟研究

惯性约束聚变的设计要求在靶丸内形成均匀光滑的氘氚冰层, 靶丸周围的热环境对冰层的质量特别是低阶粗糙度有很大的影响. 本文对自主研发的黑腔冷冻靶实验装置中的热物理问题展开了数值模拟, 重点考察了黑腔冷冻靶的传热和流体力学特性. 通过参数分析得到了自然对流对靶丸温度均匀性产生影响的临界条件. 比较了黑腔不同布置朝向时的流场和温度分布, 结果显示黑腔水平布置时自然对流更加强烈, 造成的靶丸温度不均匀性也更大. 在此基础上, 讨论了消除自然对流影响的可能性, 结果发现仅当黑腔垂直布置时利用黑腔分区方法能够消除对流效应对靶丸温度不均匀性的影响而黑腔水平布置时不能消除. 研究结论对于实验中冷冻靶结构的设计、改进和实验的开展等具有指导意义.     

平板式mLHP的仿真与实验研究

环路热管是一种靠蒸发器的毛细芯产生毛细力来驱动回路运行,利用工质相变来传递热量的高效传热装置.本文研制了一套不锈钢外壳,以氨为工质的小型平板式环路热管(mLHP),并着重研究其在不同热负荷条件下启动特性及变工况条件下的稳定运行特征,通过对平板 mLHP 运行机制理论分析,建立了合理的数学物理模型,实现了对整个系统动态仿真.实验结果表明,小型平板式 mLHP 可以在不同热流密度下快速启动,并具有良好的适应变热负荷能力.实现了平板式 mLHP 系统中各个主要节点的压力、温度和流量的动态仿真,与实验数据对比,仿真结果和实验数据吻合较好,加深了对 LHP 系统运行机理的理解.通过实验和动态仿真结果对系统结构进行优化,为应用在电子器件散热的高效率平板式 mLHP 系统的设计与优化提供依据.     

A Neural Network-Based Optimization Of Thermal Performance Of Phase Change Material-Based Finned Heat Sinks—An Experimental Study

Experiments are conducted to determine the time to reach a set-point temperature for aluminum finned heat sinks filled with the phase change material n-eicosane. Results thus obtained are integrated with a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network to predict operating times. The artificial neural network prediction is then used to determine the optimum configuration that maximizes thermal performance. Four different plate-fin heat sink geometries filled with phase change materials giving rise to different volume fractions of the aluminum were experimentally investigated.     

地源热泵的运行特性模拟研究

依据圆柱源理论,建立起了耦合地面热泵机组和地下埋管换热器特性的模拟模型,该模型可用于长期运行的地源热泵系统的短时间步长运行特性模拟。探讨了模拟过程中有关参数的确定方法,并运用所建模型对地源热泵的冬季和夏季运行特性进行了模拟。运行特性模拟与实验数据的验证结果表明,所建模型可以对地源热泵的运行特性做出符合实际的预测。     

Simulation of Heat Propagation Processes in the Detection Pixel with Superconducting Layers of Single-Photon Thermoelectric Detector

The results of computer simulation of heat propagation processes in the three-layer detection pixel with the superconducting layers of thermoelectric detector after the absorption of single photons energy of 1–1000 eV are presented. We consider the different geometries of the detection pixel consisting of CeB₆ or (La,Ce)B₆ thermoelectric sensor, absorber and heat sink of Nb, Pb or YBCO superconductors. The computations based on the heat conduction equation from the limited volume are carried out by the three-dimensional matrix method for differential equations. It is shown that by changing the materials and dimension of the detection pixel elements, as well as the operating temperature of the detector enables one to obtain the detector to register the photons within the given spectral range, required energy resolution, and counting rate. Such a detector has a number of advantages that allow one to consider the thermoelectric detector as a real alternative to the most promising single photon detectors.     

Heat Transfer Evaluation Method in Complex Rotating Environments Employing IR Thermography and CFD

This article presents a measuring method for determination of convective heat transfer in rotating environments. The method is used to obtain temperature and Nusselt number distributions on optically accessible objects inside real operating environments, without the need for implementation of complex surface heat flux measurements. Temperature maps of the observed surfaces are acquired non-intrusively by infrared (IR) thermography, whereas heat flux data is computed numerically by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The method was employed on a rotating hollow blade, heated internally by secondary air flow. Experimental and numerical results for the observed blade side are compared in terms of surface temperature 2D distributions. Temperature distributions are further statistically evaluated and show good agreement, which is the basic precondition for combining experimental and numerical data by the method. Results are presented in terms of combined experimental-numerical Nusselt number shown as two-dimensional distribution on the blade pressure side.