CFRP-混凝土界面粘结的疲劳性能试验研究

外贴FRP是重要的混凝土结构加固技术,但目前对外贴FRP加固混凝土结构的疲劳性能研究尚不充分,尤其对FRP-混凝土粘结界面的疲劳退化规律和破坏模式的研究更为缺乏。本文采用双面剪切试件,通过2个静载试件和4个疲劳试件的试验研究,考察了粘结长度和胶层厚度等因素对FRP-混凝土界面粘结疲劳性能的影响。通过分析沿粘结长度的FRP应变分布在疲劳循环过程中和疲劳后静载过程中的变化情况,讨论了不同粘结长度和粘结胶层厚度条件下的粘结界面疲劳退化规律和疲劳后静载性能。试验结果表明:胶层树脂-混凝土粘结界面是发生疲劳剥离破坏的薄弱环节;胶层厚度增大时,由于疲劳引起的界面损伤累积发展显著减小,疲劳后静载中胶层厚度较大试件的粘结承载力也更大;粘结长度增大时,界面粘结呈现更为明显的损伤退化,但由于试验粘结长度小于有效粘结长度,疲劳后的静粘结承载力仍更大。     

Method of characteristics in analysis of the propagation of electroelastic thickness oscillations in a piezoceramic layer under electric excitation

The method of characteristics is used to obtain an analytical solution describing the thickness vibrations of a piezoelectric layer polarized across the thickness and subjected to a nonstationary electric potential. The features of how the vibrations are excited and propagate under electric loading are studied. The dynamic electromechanical state of the layer is analyzed. The electric and mechanical characteristics as functions of time are plotted Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 44, No. 10, pp. 23–27, October 2008.     

基于SWT方法的钢绞线索微动疲劳特性分析

为得到钢绞线索丝间接触区的应力场分布并预测微动疲劳裂纹萌生位置和微动疲劳寿命,本文利用参数化方法建立了精细化的钢绞线拉索有限元模型,包括整索模型和不同层丝间接触区域的局部精细化子模型.分析了钢绞线索在两种交变荷载工况下的应力场变化情况,并基于多轴疲劳SWT(Smith-Watson-Topper)临界平面法进行了疲劳特性分析和疲劳寿命预测.主要结论如下:钢绞线索内接触区边缘处的微动幅值较大,中心处几乎没有相对滑动,微动疲劳的初始裂纹萌生点位于接触区域边缘;经不同区域子模型分析比较,在轴向循环荷载作用下,外层钢丝的接触区域比内层钢丝更易发生微动疲劳损伤;在横向位移循环荷载作用下,同层钢丝因位置角度不同而产生了较大的疲劳特性差异,且相比轴向循环拉伸,该工况下最不利单丝的微动疲劳寿命更低;与非接触区域相比,接触区的疲劳寿命大幅降低,微动现象对钢绞线索的抗疲劳性能有明显降低作用.     

Method of characteristics in electroelastic analysis of a layer subject to dynamic mechanical loading

The paper proposes an analytic procedure based on the method of characteristics to study the nonstationary thickness vibration of a piezoelectric layer polarized across the thickness and subjected to dynamic mechanical loading. The problem is solved for a suddenly applied harmonic mechanical load. The dynamic electroelastic state of the layer is analyzed Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 82–89, January 2009.     

Modeling of contact-fatigue damage accumulation in a two-layer half-space with incomplete adhesion between the layers

A method is proposed for calculating the stress state and fatigue damage accumulation in a two-layer elastic half-space with a system of defects between the layers under the action of normal and tangential distributed forces. The problem is solved by the boundary element method and the double Fourier transform. The effects of the surface layer thickness, degree of imperfection of the intermediate defective layer, and interlayer friction on the distribution of the maximal tangential stresses are analyzed. An example of studying the damage accumulation kinetics taking into account the change in the layer thickness due to surface fracture.     

Modeling the contact wear fracture of a two-layer basement

We develop a method for calculating the kinetics of fatigue fracture of a two-layer elastic basement by a periodic system of indenters sliding on the surface and modeling the surface microroughness. The method is based on solving the contact problem for a periodic system of indenters and a two-layer elastic basement, determining the internal stresses with friction forces taken into account, and constructing the damage function in the two-layer basement. We calculate the kinetics of the fatigue fracture of the surface layer (the coating) and find the characteristics of the process depending on the strength and mechanical properties of the coating and basement materials, the loading and geometric characteristics of the system, and the friction coefficient.     

Simulation of the stochastic damage evolution process under low cycle fatigue by the finite element method

A numerical simulation of stochastic damage evolution process in the condition of low cycle fatigue loading is discussed. The relations between damage variables and micro-cracks are obtained by means of the micro-mechanics model of the representative volume element proposed by Lemaitre and Dufailly^[10]. The stochastic initial damage values are introduced in consideration of the inherent micro-defects in materials. The model combined with a finite element method is applied to simulate the damage evolution process under low cycle fatigue loading. The micro-cracks on the sur face of a specimen of 19Mn6 alloy steel are measured with a replica technique. The numerical results show that the nonhomogeneity of damage and the localization of the fatigue failure are well shown by the proposed simulations, and the fatigue lives are reasonably predicted.     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

现代工业的发展使得更多的构件承受着复杂的载荷形式, 将单轴疲劳模型应用到多轴载荷情况已不能满足现代工业的设计要求, 多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命计算日益引起人们的重视. 多轴随机载荷的寿命预测中, 如何计算载荷循环次数是其基础,目前广泛使用的是雨流计数方法, 现在已能成功的应用于多轴载荷的情况. 累积的疲劳损伤分析在各种构件和结构的载荷历史中都起着重要的作用. 自从线性损伤律提出以来已发展了数十种损伤律, 变幅载荷引起的疲劳损伤可以由许多不同的累积损伤律来计算, 虽然发展了许多损伤模型, 由于问题的复杂性, 每个模型的应用范围也是随具体情况而定. 线性损伤律方法尽管有很多不足之处, 但在设计使用中仍占有重要的位置. 两载荷水平及模式下的损伤累积以及损伤与物理机制的关系在本文中也做了介绍. 针对近年来提出的描述多轴随机载荷下疲劳寿命估算方法进行了详细的评述, 对各模型的应用范围和预测能力进行了讨论, 并对今后的工作提出了建议.      

A3钢损伤累积过程的声发射监测

研究Ａ３结构钢，损伤累积过程中的声发射特性，对其在静、动载荷下声发射参数进行了分析。声发射振铃的上升、下降与材料内部的损伤程度有关。在一定的条件下，可以根据声发射信号的强弱、上升及下降的趋势，判别材料内部的损伤程度．     

Electromechanical nonstationary thickness vibrations of a piezoceramic layer

The methods of characteristics and difference schemes are used to study the nonstationary thickness vibrations of a piezoelectric layer polarized across the thickness and subjected to electrical and mechanical loads. The propagation of waves under loading of various types is studied. The dynamic electroelastic state of the layer is analyzed. It is established that the characteristics of the electroelastic state are in a linear relationship     

界面特性对功能梯度智能梁静动态响应的影响研究

采用状态空间法分析了两边简支的含压电夹层的功能梯度梁的静力弯曲和自由振动问题．为了考虑中间压电层与上、下功能梯度层之间的粘结效果,采用线性弹簧模型以模拟界面性能．假设上下功能梯度层的材料参数沿厚度连续变化,而压电层则是均匀材料,并且它们都是正交各向异性的．由于功能梯度梁的不均匀性使得直接求解比较困难,文中用层合模型来进行近似．数值算例中,分别考虑了压电层用于传感器或作动器的情形,分析了粘结界面完美程度对组合梁静力弯曲和自由振动频率的影响．     

Determination of effective stress range and its application on fatigue stress assessment of existing bridges

This paper presents a unified approach on determination of the effective stress range based on equivalent law of strain energy and fatigue damage model, so as to provide an efficient approach for accurately assessing effective fatigue stress of existing bridge under traffic loading. A new theoretical framework to relate variable- and constant-amplitude fatigue is proposed in this paper. Different formulation for calculating effective stress range can be derived by the proposed theory, which include the effective stress range by the root mean square, by Miner's law and a new effective stress range based on the nonlinear fatigue damage model. Comparison of the theoretical results of fatigue damage under the effective stress range of the variable-amplitude stress spectrum and experimental data of fatigue damage under realistic traffic loading has confirmed the validity of the proposed theory. As a way to relate variable-amplitude fatigue data with constant-amplitude data, the effective stress range provides the most convenient way for evaluating fatigue damage under variable-amplitude loading. The proposed theory is then applied to provide an efficient approach for accurately assessing fatigue damage of existing bridges under traffic loading, in which online strain history data measured from bridge structural health monitoring system is available. The proposed approach is applied to evaluate the effective stress range for the purpose of the fatigue analysis of a deck section of a long-span steel bridge––the Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong.     

疲劳可靠性二维概率MINER准则

给出在裂纹起始阶段疲劳损伤演化规律的四个基本假设，即单调增、无耦合、可分高、不相交，由损伤力学原理得到等幅加载下个体Ｄ－Ｓ＿ａ－Ｓ＿ｍ－Ｎ等损伤曲面，推导出二维个体Ｍｉｎｅｒ准则，进而建立了母体在变幅以及随机时间历程加载下的二维概率Ｍｉｎｅｒ准则（Ｔｗｏ－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＰｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｓｔｉｃＭｉｎｅｒ’ｓＲｕｌｅ，即ＴＰＭＩＮＥＲ），并用测度论给予了证明．试验数据验证结果显示ＴＰＭＩＮＥＲ的预测值与试验值吻合良好，对工程结构疲劳可靠性分析有较好的应用价值．     

A simple continuum damage model for adhesively bonded butt joints

The present work is concerned with the study of the damage behavior of adhesive joints consisting of an epoxy adhesive layer bonding aluminium alloy substrates. A model for butt joints, developed within the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics, that accounts for the effect of the thickness of the adhesive layer on the strength of the system is proposed and analyzed. The predicted values of rupture stress for different values of the thickness of the adhesive layer are compared with experimental data, showing a good agreement.     

Strength of damaged polycarbonate after fatigue

A fatigue damage model is proposed to establish a predictive formula for the fatigue service life of polycarbonate (PC) materials. A damage variable is introduced in terms of remaining fracture strain, and a new fatigue damage evolution relation is derived to characterize the extent of fatigue damage after a certain number of loading cycles. Fatigue tests were conducted to construct the stress amplitude versus the fatigue life curve. After different numbers of cycles of fatigue, the new damage variable for PC materials was measured by pulling damaged specimens to fracture under monotonic loading. Experimental results on damage evolution and fatigue life have a good agreement with those predicted by the proposed damage model.     

柔性路面的各向异性疲劳损伤数值模型研究

根据柔性路面在交通荷载作用下的力学响应特点,推导了一个各向异性疲劳损伤本构方程,并基于ABAQUS软件及其二次开发平台,建立了考虑各向异性疲劳损伤的路面结构有限元模型。通过建立的模型计算车辆作用下路面结构的疲劳寿命,其结果与试验数据吻合良好,误差最高仅为3.8%,证明该模型精确可靠。最后,分析了疲劳损伤的演化规律,以及路面结构参数对疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,路面纵向疲劳损伤演化速率比横向大得多,随着车辆循环作用,路面结构的各向异性逐渐增强,进而又加剧疲劳损伤的演化。另外,沥青层越厚、土基弹性模量越大,路面疲劳损伤演化得越慢;而当土基较弱、沥青层较薄时,增加级配碎石层厚度可以显著延缓柔性路面的疲劳开裂。     

沥青混合料的粘弹性疲劳损伤模型研究

从沥青混合料的黏弹性本构模型出发，按应变等效假设 将损伤引进本构模型，推导周期应力条件下含损伤的耗散能表达式，进而得到黏弹性损伤演 化方程和疲劳方程；该模型可以综合反映应力、加载频率和温度的影响，适合用来分析沥青 路面的疲劳损伤问题；利用MTS开展了沥青混合料的疲劳损伤试验，确定了相应的黏弹性疲 劳损伤模型参数，据此开展了模型验证，结果表明模型与实测值之间相关性很好.     

车轮材料特性对轮轨磨损与疲劳性能影响的研究

在MMS-2A滚动摩擦磨损试验机上进行不同材料车轮与U75V热轧钢轨的匹配试验,研究材料特性对轮轨试样磨损与疲劳性能的影响.结果表明:随着车轮碳含量增加,组织中珠光体比例增加,珠光体中渗碳体片层间距减小,硬度增大;随着轮/轨硬度比增大,车轮表层的塑性变形层厚度逐渐减小,对摩副钢轨塑性变形层厚度呈现先增大后减小的趋势;车轮试样磨损形式由小剥离掉块向大剥离掉块转变,钢轨磨损机制由材料表层的轻微剥落向深层剥落磨损转变;提升车轮的硬度,轮轨表面的疲劳裂纹长度减小;且随着车轮硬度的增大,钢轨表面萌生的疲劳裂纹的末端扩展角度有增大的趋势,使钢轨的疲劳裂纹更容易向材料心部扩展.     

Statistical correlation of fatigue life of 15MnVN steel notched bar under variable amplitude tension-tension block loading

Variable amplitude tension-tension block loading is repeated and applied to test 15MnVN steel notched bars. The block loading consists of three steps of load increase reaching a peak at the fourth step followed by three steps of load decrease returning to the initial level. The results are presented in terms of the probability distribution function. One of the objectives of this work is to show that the probability distribution correlates well with the fatigue life data of the high-strength low-alloy steel which exhibits the discontinuous strain hardening characteristics and does not have any overload effect. It is shown that the fatigue life and critical accumulated damage data flow the log-normal distribution.     

基于微-细观机理的混凝土疲劳损伤本构模型

该文致力于混凝土疲劳损伤发展机理的微细观解释. 以速率过程理论为基础,通过考虑裂纹断裂过程区中的水分子动力作用,在细观尺度上建立了具有物理机理的疲劳损伤能量耗散表达式. 结合细观随机断裂模型,以宏观损伤力学为框架,建立了疲劳损伤演化方程. 通过数值模拟,计算了单轴受拉时的疲劳损伤演化以及不同加载幅度下的疲劳寿命. 与相关试验结果的对比显示出该文模型能够很好地表现混凝土材料的疲劳损伤演化过程.