40Ar+诱导无定形碳到金刚石纳米晶相变的研究

通过60 keV的⁴⁰Ar⁺辐照无定形碳靶合成了大量尺寸不同的金刚石纳米颗粒.高分辨透射电子显微镜配合能量色散X射线谱和电子衍射以及Raman谱分析的结果表明，这些嵌于具有扰动石墨结构薄膜中的纳米金刚石颗粒，其成核率很高(约为10¹³/cm²)，而且可以生长到较大的尺寸，有的甚至可以达到微米量级.对其相转变过程也进行了初步探讨. 关键词： 离子束 金刚石纳米晶 相变 透射电子显微镜     

双离子(40Ar+,C2H6+)辐照合成金刚石纳米晶颗粒

用双离子(40Ar+,C1H6+)辐照实验完成了从多壁碳纳米管向金刚石纳米晶颗粒的转变.对转变机理进行了初步探讨.这一探索有望能成为一种金刚石纳米晶合成的新途径.由此可知,多重荷能离子辐照用于其他材料纳米结构的制备也不是凭空设想.     

双离子(40Ar+, C2H+6)辐照合成金刚石纳米晶颗粒

用双离子(⁴⁰Ar⁺，C₂H⁺₆)辐照实验完成了从多壁碳纳米管向金刚石纳米晶颗粒的转变.对转变机理进行了初步探讨.这一探索有望能成为一种金刚石纳米晶合成的新途径.由此可知，多重荷能离子辐照用于其他材料纳米结构的制备也不是凭空设想. 关键词： 金刚石纳米晶 离子辐照 透射电子显微镜     

等离子体诱导碳纳米管到纳米金刚石的相变

采用氢等离子体，实现了碳纳米管向金刚石的结构相变，并实现了金刚石的高密度成核，有效成核密度可达10\+\{11\}／cm\+2以上，处于目前金刚石成核密度的最高行列，为制备优质的金刚石薄膜提供了保证.高分辨透射电镜、x射线衍射和拉曼光谱都证实了金刚石的形成.同时，对纳米金刚石晶粒的生成机理进行了初步探讨. 关键词： 等离子体 碳纳米管 纳米金刚石 结构相变     

Ar+离子束轰击在石墨表面形成六方金刚石纳米晶的研究

在0.6!keV Ar+高剂量(～1022/cm2)辐照石墨表面,借助于高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),发现有六方金刚石纳米晶产生.它们的平均直径介于1-50!nm之间,而且晶粒个数约随其直径的增大而直线减少.有趣的是,晶粒具有两种结构模式:直径小于10!nm的晶粒为单晶结构,而直径大于10!nm的为多晶结构.基于受离子轰击过程特点制约的六方金刚石晶粒成核和成长观点,讨论了这种双重结构的形成性质.     

低温拉曼光谱研究二氧化钛纳米晶的相变

本文通过对二氧化钛纳米晶在-190℃温度的低温拉曼光谱的研究,得到了在二氧化钛纳米晶聚集体中,可以发生锐钛矿到板钛矿然后到金红石和/或直接到金红石的相变;也可发生板钛矿到锐钛矿然后到金红石和/或直接到金红石的相变。     

Ar+离子束轰击在石墨表面形成六方金刚石纳米晶的研究

在0.6keV Ar⁺高剂量(～10²²/cm²)辐照石墨表面,借助于高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM),发现有六方金刚石纳米晶产生.它们的平均直径介于1—50nm之间,而且晶粒个数约随其直径的增大而直线减少.有趣的是,晶粒具有两种结构模式：直径小于10nm的晶粒为单晶结构,而直径大于10nm的为多晶结构.基于受离子轰击过程特点制约的六方金刚石晶粒成核和成长观点,讨论了这种双重结构的形成性质. 关键词： 离子轰击 六方金刚石纳米晶     

不同粒径纳米晶硫化锌的高压结构相变研究

 应用原位能量色散X射线散射和金刚石对顶砧技术,对纳米晶ZnS进行了高压结构相变研究。初始相为纤锌矿结构的10 nm和3 nm硫化锌分别在16.0 GPa和16.7 GPa时转变为岩盐矿结构,相变压力均高于纤锌矿结构的体材料硫化锌。该相变为一可逆的结构相变。应用大型科学计算软件Materials Studio（MS）计算了纳米晶ZnS的状态方程,根据Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合了纳米晶ZnS的零压体模量,得到的零压体模量高于相应体材料的零压体模量,表明纳米晶ZnS较难压缩。     

纳米引晶法选择性生长金刚石薄膜

通过传统的光刻工艺和纳米引晶技术,在抛光的单晶Si衬底上形成带有 超细金刚石纳米粉的引晶图案,并利用该图案与抛光Si处金刚石成核密度的巨大差异,实现 金刚石薄膜的高选择比生长。该方法具有工艺简单、沉积效率高、选择比高、对底无任何损 伤等优点。同时,这种方法很容易在不同衬底上实现金刚石薄膜的大面积选择性生长。     

硅衬底上纳米晶金刚石生长

研究了蚀刻气体对生长在硅衬底上纳米晶金刚石合成的影响.合成方法为热丝化学气相沉积法,衬底温度为550 oC,反应压力为4 kPa. 其中甲烷和氢气分别作为源气体和稀释气体. 氮气、氢气和氨气用作蚀刻气体. 结果表明,仅氢气作为蚀刻气体可获得最佳工艺条件.     

Diamond-like amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline diamond obtained by detonation method

Abstract

The diamond-like amorphous carbon phase was obtained by means of detonation compression of mixtures of an explosive with soot or graphite. The pycnometric density of powders after compression and treatment in boiling acids achieved 3.42 g/cm³. The X-ray and TEM study showed that fine-grained crystalline and nanocrystalline diamond was also present in the samples in addition to the diamond-like amorphous phase.     

Room-temperature growth of carbon nanofibers induced by Ar+-ion bombardment

Glassy carbon plates, a Ni mesh coated with a carbon film and mechanically polished graphite plates were Ar⁺ ion-bombarded with and without a simultaneous Mo supply at room temperature. Conical protrusions were formed on the sputtered surfaces, and in some cases carbon nanofibers (CNFs) 0.2–10 μm in length and 10–50 nm in diameter grew on the tips. The growth of CNF-tipped-cones was optimized in terms of the ion-incidence angle and the rate-ratio of sputtering and seeding. Oblique sputtering was proved to be quite effective to grow the CNF-tipped-cones. Thus, the redeposited massive carbon atoms onto cones were thought to diffuse toward the cone tips, resulting in CNF formation. This growth mechanism was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation disclosing the boundary-less structure between conical bases and CNFs. TEM observation of CNF-tipped-cones also revealed no-hollow structure and an amorphous nature of CNFs. Since this sputtering method is a room-temperature process and quite straightforward, ion-induced CNFs promise to have myriad applications, such as field emission sources for flat panel displays.     

Characterization of the bonding structure of nanocrystalline diamond and amorphous carbon films prepared by plasma assisted techniques

Thin nanocrystalline diamond/amorphous carbon (NCD/a-C) composite films and amorphous diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by three methods: microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MWCVD) from methane/nitrogen mixtures (NCD/a-C), RF magnetron sputtering of a pure graphite target in argon/methane ambients, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in vacuum or argon atmosphere (DLC). The films prepared by the three techniques were comprehensively characterized with respect to their bonding structure by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). PACS 81.05.Uw; 82.80.Pv     

Copper-induced diamond formation in amorphous carbon

Diamond formation in hydrogenated amorphous-carbon films containing ultradisperse copper has been studied by measuring IR absorption at two-phonon diamond frequencies. The anomalously high two-phonon absorption observed in the experiments has permitted improving the sensitivity of the method. Mechanisms of the two-phonon absorption enhancement are discussed in terms of the theory of a medium containing nanosized copper-doped graphite fragments. It is shown that the observed enhancement of two-phonon absorption is caused by electrical induction of the local fields induced by irradiation in diamond nanocrystals acting on adjoining copper-doped graphite fragments. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1863–1866 (October 1999)     

3 to 15 keV Ar+ induced Auger electron emission from Si and Ar

Ar⁺ induced Auger electrons from Si and Ar were investigated at bombardment energies between 3–15 keV and target currents of a few μA. The Auger electron yields were compared with secondary ion yields of Si and Ar by simultaneous SIMS-AES measurements. In the ion induced Auger spectra of Si five Auger peaks and in the Ar spectra three Auger peaks were observed. The ion induced Auger electron yield of Si and Ar were found to be strongly dependent upon the primary ion energy. “Bulk like” and “atomic like” Auger transitions of ion induced Auger electrons of Si were observed.     

Investigations of Ar+ implantation and proton irradiation of amorphous Fe40Ni40B20 samples by Mössbauer techniques

The effect of the implantation of 150 keV Ar⁺ ions at different doses on the surface of amorphous Fe₄₀Ni₄₀B₂₀ and the changes in the bulk properties following proton irradiations are investigated by conversion electron and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy respectively. In the former case a correlation between the total Mössbauer absorption and the total energy deposited by incident Ar⁺ ions is established, indicating the development of certain stresses in the material, affecting the inter and intra molecular bonding in the near surface region. On the other hand, the proton irradiation seems to cause a reorientation of the atomic spins and also the formation of an additional Fe or Fe?Ni rich phase in the sample. Also the low field A.C. susceptibility is found to decrease as a function of the dose of incident protons. Possible reasons for the above behaviour are discussed.     

Phase transition of nano-sized amorphous tungsten to a crystalline state

We study thermal-physical characteristics of nano-sized amorphous tungsten and of its oxide. It is shown that a nano-size amorphous metal gets into a nano-size crystalline state after heating up to temperatures much lower than the half-temperature of melting, which is typical for all nano-size amorphous materials. Phase transition of amorphous nano-size WO₂ into crystalline state occurs in the temperature range 350–520°C, while the same transition in case of W takes place in the range 1000–1370°C. The energy released at crystallization of nano-size amorphous metal amounts to 170±25 J/g coinciding practically with the value of specific melting heat of usual tungsten. Such a high additional energy of nano-size amorphous metals above the energy of nano-size crystalline metals is their main peculiarity which widens essentially the range of their practical applications.