On the Number of Lost Customers in Stationary Loss Systems in the Light Traffic Case

For the stationary loss systems M/M/m/K and GI/M/m/K, we study two quantities: the number of lost customers during the time interval (0,t] (the first system only), and the number of lost customers among the first n customers to arrive (both systems). We derive explicit bounds for the total variation distances between the distributions of these quantities and compound Poisson–geometric distributions. The bounds are small in the light traffic case, i.e., when the loss of a customer is a rare event. To prove our results, we show that the studied quantities can be interpreted as accumulated rewards of stationary renewal reward processes, embedded into the queue length process or the process of queue lengths immediately before arrivals of new customers, and apply general results by Erhardsson on compound Poisson approximation for renewal reward processes.     

Constructive Matrix and Orderable Groups

We study into the relationship between constructivizations of an associative commutative ring K with unity and constructivizations of matrix groups GL _n(K) (general), SL _n(K) (special), and UT _n(K) (unitriangular) over K. It is proved that for n 3, a corresponding group is constructible iff so is K. We also look at constructivizations of ordered groups. It turns out that a torsion-free constructible Abelian group is orderly constructible. It is stated that the unitriangular matrix group UT _n(K) over an orderly constructible commutative associative ring K is itself orderly constructible. A similar statement holds also for finitely generated nilpotent groups, and countable free nilpotent groups.     

Hausdorff Measure for a Stable-Like Process over an Infinite Extension of a Local Field

We consider an infinite extension K of a local field of zero characteristic which is a union of an increasing sequence of finite extensions. K is equipped with an inductive limit topology; its conjugate K is a completion of K with respect to a topology given by certain explicitly written seminorms. The semigroup of measures, which defines a stable-like process X(t) on K, is concentrated on a compact subgroup S K. We study properties of the process X _S (t), a part of X(t) in S. It is shown that the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of the image of an interval equal 0 almost surely. In the case of tamely ramified extensions a correct Hausdorff measure for this set is found.     

Lattices in rank one Lie groups over local fields

We prove that if is theK-rational points of aK-rank one semisimple group over a non archimedean local fieldK, thenG has cocompact non-arithmetic lattices and if char(K)>0 also non-uniform ones. We also give a general structure theorem for lattices inG, from which we confirm Serre's conjecture that such arithmetic lattices do not satisfy the congruence subgroup property.Partially supported by a grant from the Bi-national Science Foundation U.S.-Israel.     

Representations of double coset hypergroups and induced representations

The principal goal of this paper is to investigate the representation theory of double coset hypergroups. IfK=G//H is a double coset hypergroup, representations ofK can canonically be obtained from those ofG. However, not every representation ofK originates from this construction in general, i.e., extends to a representation ofG. Properties of this construction are discussed, and as the main result it turns out that extending representations ofK is compatible with the inducing process (as introduced in [7]). It follows that a representation weakly contained in the left-regular representation ofK always admits an extension toG. Furthermore, we realize the Gelfand pair (where are a local field andR its ring of integers) as a polynomial hypergroup on ℕ₀ and characterize the (proper) subset of its dual consisting of extensible representations.     

Actions of Borel Subgroups on Homogeneous Spaces of Reductive Complex Lie Groups and Integrability

Let G be a real reductive Lie group, K its compact subgroup. Let A be the algebra of G-invariant real-analytic functions on T ^*(G/K) (with respect to the Poisson bracket) and let C be the center of A. Denote by 2(G,K) the maximal number of functionally independent functions from A\C. We prove that (G,K) is equal to the codimension (G,K) of maximal dimension orbits of the Borel subgroup BG ^C in the complex algebraic variety G ^C/K ^C. Moreover, if (G,K)=1, then all G-invariant Hamiltonian systems on T ^*(G/K) are integrable in the class of the integrals generated by the symmetry group G. We also discuss related questions in the geometry of the Borel group action.     

Techniques,computations, and conjectures for semi-topological <Emphasis Type="Italic">K</Emphasis>-theory

We establish the existence of an Atiyah-Hirzebruch-like spectral sequence relating the morphic cohomology groups of a smooth, quasi-projective complex variety to its semi-topological K-groups. This spectral sequence is compatible with (and, indeed, is built from) the motivic spectral sequence that relates the motivic cohomology and algebraic K-theory of varieties, and it is also compatible with the classical Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence in algebraic topology. In the second part of this paper, we use this spectral sequence in conjunction with another computational tool that we introduce — namely, a variation on the integral weight filtration of the Borel-Moore (singular) homology of complex varieties introduced by H. Gillet and C. Soulé – to compute the semi-topological K-theory of a large class of varieties. In particular, we prove that for curves, surfaces, toric varieties, projective rational three-folds, and related varieties, the semi-topological K-groups and topological K-groups are isomorphic in all degrees permitted by cohomological considerations. We also formulate integral conjectures relating semi-topological K-theory to topological K-theory analogous to more familiar conjectures (namely, the Quillen-Lichtenbaum and Beilinson-Lichtenbaum Conjectures) concerning mod-n algebraic K-theory and motivic cohomology. In particular, we prove a local vanishing result for morphic cohomology which enables us to formulate precisely a conjectural identification of morphic cohomology by A. Suslin. Our computations verify that these conjectures hold for the list of varieties above.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 19E20, 19E15, 14F43The first author was partially supported by the NSF and the NSAThe second author was supported by the Helen M. Galvin Fellowship of Northwestern UniversityThe third author was partially supported by the NSF and the NSA     

The Milnor–Chow homomorphism revisited

The aim of this note is to give a simplified proof of the surjectivity of the natural Milnor–Chow homomorphism between Milnor K-theory and higher Chow groups for essentially smooth (semi-)local k-algebras A with infinite residue fields. It implies the exactness of the Gersten resolution for Milnor K-theory at the generic point. Our method uses the Bloch–Levine moving technique and some properties of the Milnor K-theory norm for fields. Furthermore we give new applications. Supported by Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Über Stellen und Präordnungen von Ternärkörpern

In this paper we shall establish the notion of compatibility between preorderings and places for planar ternary rings. The theorem of Baer and Krull concerning the relationship between the orderings of a field K, compatible with a place : KK {}, and the space of orderings of K is extended to ternary rings. We study the notion of fans and SAP-preorderings over ternary rings and prove that no Archimedean ordering contains a non-trivial fan. Finally the local stability formula of Bröcker is carried over to ternary rings.     

Polynomial operations on complex K-theory

We adapt here the results of the author concerning polynomial operations on the 0th stable cohomotopy to the case of the 0th complex K-theory and consider polynomial operations : Kh, where h is a ring-valued contravariant functor, defined on finite CW-complexes, satisfying some properties. We construct a family of generating operations for the ring Pol(K,h) of all polynomial operations : Kh and doing so, we describe the additive structure of this ring in terms of the h(BU(n)'s. As an illustration of how polynomiality could be used to study operations in the setting of algebraic K-theory, we consider, from our point of view, the well known situation operations : KK on complex K-theory.     

On the Decomposition of an Operator into a Sum of Four Idempotents

We prove that operators of the form (2 ± 2/n)I + K are decomposable into a sum of four idempotents for integer n > 1 if there exists the decomposition K = K ₁ K ₂ ... K _n, , of a compact operator K. We show that the decomposition of the compact operator 4I + K or the operator K into a sum of four idempotents can exist if K is finite-dimensional. If n trK is a sufficiently large (or sufficiently small) integer and K is finite-dimensional, then the operator (2 – 2/n)I + K [or (2 + 2/n)I + K] is a sum of four idempotents.     

Maximization of Generalized Convex Functionals in Locally Convex Spaces

The major part of the investigation is related to the problem of maximizing an upper semicontinuous quasiconvex functional f over a compact (possibly nonconvex) subset K of a real Hausdorff locally convex space E. A theorem by Bereanu (Ref. 1) says that the condition f is quasiconvex (quasiconcave) on K is sufficient for the existence of maximum (minimum) point of f over K among the extreme points of K. But, as we prove by a counterexample, this is not true in general. On the further condition that the convex hull of the set of extreme points of K is closed, we show that it is sufficient to claim that f is induced-quasiconvex on K to achieve an equivalent conclusion. This new concept of quasiconvexity, which we define by requiring that each lower-level set of f can be represented as the intersection of K with some convex set, is suitable for functionals with a nonconvex domain. Under essentially the same conditions, we prove that an induced-quasiconvex functional f is directionally monotone in the sense that, for each y K, the functional f is increasing along a line segment starting at y and running to some extreme point of K. In order to guarantee the existence of maximum points on the relative boundary r K of K, it suffices to make weaker demands on the function f and the space E. By introducing a weaker kind of directional monotonicity, we are able to obtain the following result: If f is i.s.d.-increasing i.e., for each y y K, there is a half-line emanating from y such that f is increasing along this half-line, then f attains its maximum at rK , even if E is a topological linear Hausdorff space (infinite-dimensional and not necessarily locally convex). We state further a practical method of proving i.s.d.-monotonicity for functions in finite-dimensional spaces and we discuss also some aspects of classification.     

On combinatorial and projective geometry

Cross ratios constitute an important tool in classical projective geometry. Using the theory of Tutte groups as discussed in [6] it will be shown in this note that the concept of cross ratios extends naturally to combinatorial geometries or matroids. From a thorough study of these cross ratios which, among other observations, includes a new matroid theoretic version and proof of the Pappos theorem, it will be deduced that for any projective space M= _n (K) of dimension n2 of M over some skewfield K the inner Tutte group is isomorphic to the commutator factor group K ^*/[K ^*, K ^*] of K ^*K{0}. This shows not only that in case M= _n (K) our matroidal cross ratios are nothing but the classical ones. It can also be used to correlate orientations of the matroid M= _n (K) with the orderings of K. And it implies that Dieudonné's (non-commutative) determinants which, by Dieudonné's definition, take their values in K ^*/[K ^*, K ^*] as well, can be viewed as a special case of a determinant construction which works for just every combinatorial geometry.Research supported by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).     

Fourier algebras on locally compact hypergroups

In the present paper we introduce a new definition for the Fourier space A (K) of a locally compact Hausdorff hypergroup K and prove that it is a Banach subspace of B (K). This definition coincides with that of Amini and Medghalchi in the case where K is a tensor hypergroup, and also with that of Vrem which is given only for compact hypergroups. We prove that A_p (K)* = PM_q (K), where q is the exponent conjugate to p, in particular A (K)* = VN (K). Also we show that for Pontryagin hypergroups, A (K) = L²(K) * L²(K) = F (L¹( )), where F stands for the Fourier transform on . Furthermore there is an equivalent norm on A (K) which makes A (K) into a Banach algebra isomorphic with L¹( ). (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On the geometry of metric measure spaces. II

We introduce a curvature-dimension condition CD (K, N) for metric measure spaces. It is more restrictive than the curvature bound (introduced in [Sturm K-T (2006) On the geometry of metric measure spaces. I. Acta Math 196:65–131]) which is recovered as the borderline case CD(K, ∞). The additional real parameter N plays the role of a generalized upper bound for the dimension. For Riemannian manifolds, CD(K, N) is equivalent to and dim(M) ⩽ N. The curvature-dimension condition CD(K, N) is stable under convergence. For any triple of real numbers K, N, L the family of normalized metric measure spaces (M, d, m) with CD(K, N) and diameter ⩽ L is compact. Condition CD(K, N) implies sharp version of the Brunn–Minkowski inequality, of the Bishop–Gromov volume comparison theorem and of the Bonnet–Myers theorem. Moreover, it implies the doubling property and local, scale-invariant Poincaré inequalities on balls. In particular, it allows to construct canonical Dirichlet forms with Gaussian upper and lower bounds for the corresponding heat kernels.     

Minty Variational Inequalities,Increase-Along-Rays Property and Optimization<Superscript>1</Superscript>

Let E be a linear space, let K E and f:K . We formulate in terms of the lower Dini directional derivative problem GMVI (f ^,K ), which can be considered as a generalization of MVI (f ^,K ), the Minty variational inequality of differential type. We investigate, in the case of K star-shaped (SS), the existence of a solution x ^* of GMVI (f ^K ) and the property of f to increase-along-rays starting at x ^*, fIAR (K,x ^*). We prove that the GMVI (f ^,K ) with radially l.s.c. function f has a solution x ^* ker K if and only if fIAR (K,x ^*). Further, we prove that the solution set of the GMVI (f ^,K ) is a convex and radially closed subset of ker K. We show also that, if the GMVI (f ^,K ) has a solution x ^*K, then x ^* is a global minimizer of the problem min f(x), xK. Moreover, we observe that the set of the global minimizers of the related optimization problem, its kernel, and the solution set of the variational inequality can be different. Finally, we prove that, in the case of a quasiconvex function f, these sets coincide.     

An inequality linking packing and covering densities of plane convex bodies

For every convex body K in R ², let (K) denote the packing density of K, i.e. the density of the tightest packing of congruent copies of K in R ², and let (K) denote the covering density of K, i.e. the density of the thinnest covering of R ² with congruent copies of K. It is shown here that 4(K)3(K) for every convex body K in R ². This inequality is the strongest possible, since if E is an ellipse, then the equality 4(E)=3(E) holds. Two corollaries are presented, and a summary of known bounds for packing and covering densities is given.     

Lie group structures on groups of smooth and holomorphic maps on non-compact manifolds

We study Lie group structures on groups of the form C ^∞(M, K), where M is a non-compact smooth manifold and K is a, possibly infinite-dimensional, Lie group. First we prove that there is at most one Lie group structure with Lie algebra for which the evaluation map is smooth. We then prove the existence of such a structure if the universal cover of K is diffeomorphic to a locally convex space and if the image of the left logarithmic derivative in is a smooth submanifold, the latter being the case in particular if M is one-dimensional. We also obtain analogs of these results for the group of holomorphic maps on a complex manifold with values in a complex Lie group K. We further show that there exists a natural Lie group structure on if K is Banach and M is a non-compact complex curve with finitely generated fundamental group.      

Chebyshev constants and the inheritance problem

It is proven that any set E consisting of finitely many intervals can be approximated with order 1/n by polynomial inverse images of [-1,1]. This leads to a new proof of the fact that the n-th Chebyshev constant is Kcap(E)ⁿ with some K independent of n. The proof uses properties of monotone systems, in particular, the statement in the so-called inheritance problem.