Shape Invariant and Rodrigues Solution of?the?Dirac-shifted Oscillator and?Dirac-Morse Potentials

We show that the Dirac equation for a charged spinor in spherically symmetric electromagnetic potentials as Dirac-shifted oscillator and Dirac-Morse potentials have the conditions of shape invariant symmetry in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. The relativistic spectra of the bound states and spinor wavefunctions can be obtained by the Rodrigues polynomials of one associated differential equation.     

Exact Solutions of Klein-Gordon Equation with Exponential Scalar and Vector Potentials

We obtain the exact analytical solution of the Klein-Gordon equation for the exponential vector and scalar potentials by using the asymptotic iteration method. For the scalar potential greater than the vector potential case, the exact bound state energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are presented. The bound state eigenfunction solutions are obtained in terms of the confluent hypergeometric functions.     

Darboux Transformations for Energy-Dependent Potentials and the Klein–Gordon Equation

We construct explicit Darboux transformations for a generalized Schrödinger-type equation with energy-dependent potential, a special case of which is the stationary Klein–Gordon equation. Our results complement and generalize former findings (Lin et al., Phys Lett A 362:212–214, 2007).     

Multisymplectic Pseudospectral Discretizations for （3＋1）-Dimensional Klein-Gordon Equation

We explore the multisymplectic Fourier pseudospectral discretizations for the （3＋1）-dimensional Klein- Gordon equation in this paper. The corresponding multisymplectic conservation laws are derived. Two kinds of explicit symplectic integrators in time are also presented.     

Symmetry-Breaking Bifurcation in the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Symmetric Potentials

We consider the focusing (attractive) nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with an external, symmetric potential which vanishes at infinity and supports a linear bound state. We prove that the symmetric, nonlinear ground states must undergo a symmetry breaking bifurcation if the potential has a non-degenerate local maxima at zero. Under a generic assumption we show that the bifurcation is either a subcritical or supercritical pitchfork. In the particular case of double-well potentials with large separation, the power of nonlinearity determines the subcritical or supercritical character of the bifurcation. The results are obtained from a careful analysis of the spectral properties of the ground states at both small and large values for the corresponding eigenvalue parameter.     

Exact Solution of Klein–Gordon Equation for Hua Plus Modified Eckart Potentials

We report the exact s-wave solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation under equal scalar and vector the Hua plus modified Eckart potentials using the functional analysis method. The results, in special cases, yield the results of Morse, Hua, Eckart and Pöschl–Teller potentials.     

Warp of the Invariant Circle and Onset of Chaos in Josephson Junction Equation

The dynamics of the dc and ac driving Josephson junction equation is studied in terms of the two-dimensional Poincaré map. The smooth invariant circle on the phase cylinder in over-damped case a ） 2 loses smoothness as a decreases and becomes a strange attractor eventually. This triggers two kinds of chaos, one occurs in the regions between two Arnold tongues and the other occurs within the tongues.     

On the Bound States for the Three-Body Schrödinger Equation with Decaying Potentials

The three-body Schrödinger operator in the space of square integrable functions is found to be a certain extension of operators which generate the exponential unitary group containing a subgroup with nilpotent Lie algebra of length ${\kappa + 1, \kappa = 0, 1, \ldots}$ As a result, the solutions to the three-body Schrödinger equation with decaying potentials are shown to exist in the commutator subalgebras. For the Coulomb three-body system, it turns out that the task is to solve—in these subalgebras—the radial Schrödinger equation in three dimensions with the inverse power potential of the form ${r^{-{\kappa}-1}}$ . As an application to Coulombic system, analytic solutions for some lower bound states are presented. Under conditions pertinent to the three-unit-charge system, obtained solutions, with ${\kappa = 0}$ , are reduced to the well-known eigenvalues of bound states at threshold.     

On Strong Convergence to Equilibrium for the Boltzmann Equation with Soft Potentials

The paper concerns L ¹-convergence to equilibrium for weak solutions of the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann Equation for soft potentials (−4≤γ<0), with and without angular cutoff. We prove the time-averaged L ¹-convergence to equilibrium for all weak solutions whose initial data have finite entropy and finite moments up to order greater than 2+|γ|. For the usual L ¹-convergence we prove that the convergence rate can be controlled from below by the initial energy tails, and hence, for initial data with long energy tails, the convergence can be arbitrarily slow. We also show that under the integrable angular cutoff on the collision kernel with −1≤γ<0, there are algebraic upper and lower bounds on the rate of L ¹-convergence to equilibrium. Our methods of proof are based on entropy inequalities and moment estimates. E.A. Carlen work partially supported by US National Science Foundation grant DMS 06-00037. M.C. Carvalho work partially supported by POCI/MAT/61931/2004. X. Lu work partially supported by NSF of China grant 10571101.     

Wigner Functions for Klein-Gordon Oscillators in Non-commutative Space

As a quasi-probability distribution function in phase-space and as well as a special representation of the density matrix, the Wigner function is of great significance in Physics. This letter first makes a review of Wigner function and then provides three approaches of calculating it in non-commutative space. Finally, with the help of Moyal-Weyl multiplication and Bopp’s shift, the Wigner functions for Klein-Gordon oscillators in non-commutative space are deduced explicitly.     

Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for the Scarf-Type Potential via Nikiforov-Uvarov Method

In this paper we present the exact solutions of the one-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation for the Scarf-type potential with equal scalar and vector potentials. Exact solutions and corresponding energy eigenvalues equation are obtained using Nikiforov-Uvarov mathematical method for the s-wave bound state. The PT-symmetry and Hermiticity for this potential are also considered. It will be shown that the obtained results of the Scarf-type potential are reduced to the results of the well-known potentials in the special cases.     

Riemann?CHilbert Approach to the Elastodynamic Equation: Part I

We develop the Riemann?CHilbert (RH) approach to scattering problems in elastic media. The approach is based on the RH method introduced in the 1990s by Fokas (A unified approach to boundary value problems, CBMS-SIAM, 2008) for studying boundary problems for linear and integrable nonlinear PDEs. A suitable Lax pair formulation of the elastodynamic equation is obtained. The integral representations derived from this Lax pair are applied to Rayleigh wave propagation in an elastic half space and quarter space. The latter problem is reduced to the analysis of a certain underdetermined RH problem. We show that the problem can be re-formulated as a well-determined vector Riemann?CHilbert problem with a shift posed on a torus.     

Exactly Solvable Combinations of Scalar and Vector Potentials for the Dirac Equation Interrelated by Riccati Equations

New classes of solvable scalar and vector potentials for the Dirac equation are obtained, together with the associated exact Dirac spinors. The method of derivation is based on an a priori constraint between the solutions, leading to an interrelation between the scalar and vector potential in the form ofa Riccati equation. The present note generalizes a series of former articles.     

Investigation of Conformable Fractional Schr¨odinger Equation in Presence of Killingbeck and Hyperbolic Potentials

In this article, conformable fractional form of Schrdinger equation has been presented. Then in this formalism two different and well-known potential have been come in. Wave function of these potential are obtained in terms of Heun function and energy eigen values of each case is determined as well.     

Shape Coexistence for ^179Hg in Relativistic Mean-Field Theory

The potential energy surface of ^179Hg is traced and the multi-shape coexistence phenomenon in that nucleus is studied within the relativistic mean-field theory with quadrupole moment constraint. The calculation results of binding energies and charge radii of mercury isotopes are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Lie Algebraic Structures and Integrability of Long-Short Wave Equation in （2＋1）Dimensions

The hidden symmetry and integrability of the long-short wave equation in (2 1) dimensions are considered using the prolongation approach. The internal algebraic structures and their linear spectra are derived in detail which show that the equation is integrable.     

Variational Calculations for the Spectrum of Finite Bosons in Harmonic Potentials

Using both the Gaussian and Fetter‘‘s variational calculations for the N-body ground-state wavefunction of the trapped Bose-Einstein condensate, we give explicit analytic formulae for the spectrum of finite bosons in harmonic potentials based on the corrected sum rules and generalized virial identities. We compare the low-lying excitation spectra among the Gaussian and Fetter‘‘s variational calculations and the exact numerical results. The Gaussian approximation has the simplest reasonable results, valid for N→∞ and high-lying excitations.     

Schr?dinger Dispersive Estimates for a Scaling-Critical Class of Potentials

We prove a dispersive estimate for the evolution of Schr?dinger operators H = ??? + V(x) in ${{\mathbb R}^3}$ . The potential should belong to the closure of ${C^c_b(\mathbb{R}^3)}$ with respect to the global Kato norm. Some additional spectral conditions are imposed, namely that no resonances or eigenfunctions of H exist anywhere within the interval [0, ??). The proof is an application of a new version of Wiener??s L ¹-inversion theorem.