复杂粒子发射对热核巨共振的影响

讨论了引起统计蒸发模型计算结果与高温热核偶极巨共振实验结果之间存在差别的因素,对比了标准CASCADE程序计算结果与加入复杂粒子发射后的计算结果,计算显示复杂粒子发射对高温热核偶极巨共振的性质有影响.     

用有限温度自洽半经典方法研究热核上巨共振的性质

对于温度为几个MeV的情形,我们直接将自洽半经典方法由零温度推广到有限温度。利用此方法确定了一定温度下热核的核子密度ρ_q和ρ_p。在此基础上用sum rule方法研究了建立于热核上巨共振的性质,特别分析了它们的centroid的温度移动。部分结果同HF,RPA计算及实验事实作了比较。 关键词：     

高激发核的多极巨共振

本文讨论了高激发核中的同位旋标量表面巨共振和偶极巨共振.利用能量权重求和规则的概念在一个简化的模型中计算了²⁰⁸Pb的巨共振能量,而有限温度下的推广的Thomas-Fermi近似则被用于描写有限温度平衡态.结果表明,能量权重求和规则和巨共振能量对体系温度的依赖都很弱.这一微弱的温度依赖可以归因于由温度引起的剩余相互作用的减弱以及参与跃迁的组态数增加这两个效应之间的相互抵消.     

热核区共振的温度相关性

用含温度的Heartree-Fock方程及线性响应理论计算了²⁰⁸Pb在不同温度下的电偶极和电四极巨共振的强度分布.结果表明,随着核温度的升高,巨共振峰展宽并向低能端移动.     

热原子核巨共振的微观研究——巨共振的衰变与热核的性质

运用微观多体理论,对热原子核巨四极共振进行了比较研究,发现两体关联密度矩阵理论能更好地描述热核的巨共振衰变和热核的其它性质.     

扩展Skyrme力的自洽半经典计算与原子核电模式isovector巨共振性质

利用自洽半经典(SCSC)计算确定的基态核子分布,讨论了电模式isovector巨共振性质.特别是,我们不仅考虑了ΔT₃=0的模式,而且考虑了ΔT₃=±1模式,从而讨论了此类巨共振的同位旋性质,给出了它们的增强因子及Centroid能量的同位旋分裂.其中增强因子和HF+RPA计算结果相一致,而Centroid能量的同位旋分裂则和实验事实相近.     

单极巨共振弛豫过程

用BNV方程讨论了中能重离子反应形成的热核单极巨共振(GMR)的驰豫过程.计算表明,球形热核GMR振荡是各向同性的,共振能与E_GMR=80A^－1/3公式给出的数值基本一致.核子碰撞和粒子逃逸是引起热核GMR阻尼衰减的主要原因.     

巨共振激发的相对论效应

在相对论量子场论(QHD)的框架下,得到了相对论线性Vlasov方程.基此计算了球形核¹⁶O、⁴⁰Ca、⁹⁰Zr及²⁰⁸Pb的巨偶极共振的强度函数分布.计算得到的巨共振中心能量,与实验结果比较有较好的符合.对计算结果作了简要的讨论,发现核子有效质量m^*和平均场自旋轨道耦合力对巨共振能量有着重要的效应.     

巨共振激发的相对论效应

在相对论量子场论（ＱＨＤ）的框架下,得到了相对论线性Ｖｌａｓｏｖ方程．依此计算了球形核１６Ｏ、４０Ｃａ、９０Ｚｒ及２０８Ｐｂ的巨偶极共振的强度函数分布．结果表明,相对论效应是不可忽视的．计算得到的巨共振中心能量稍高于非相对论线性Ｖｌａｓｏｖ方程给出的对应值,与实验结果比较都有较好的符合．对计算结果作了简要的讨论,发现核子有效质量和平均场自旅轨道耦合力对巨共振能量有重要影想． In the framework of relativistic quantum hadron dynamical (QHD) theory,under semiclassical approximation and taking into vacuum fluctuation, a relativistic Vlasov equation (RVE) has been derived. Using RVE and considering other relativistic effects, we have studied the isovector dipole giant resonances built on ground state in spherical nuclei.The main results show that the resonance energies for each multipole are larger than those obtained from the non-relativistic classical Vlasov approach...     

SELFCONSISTENT SEMICLASSICAL CALCULATION WITH EXTENDED SKYRME FORCES AND THE PROPERTIES OF ISOVECTOR GIANT RESONANCES

The properties of isovector giant resonances are discussed with the help of the nuclear ground state density profiles obtained from self consiotent semi-classical calculation.Both the component with ΔT₃=0 and the components with ΔT₃=±1 are considered.The isospin properties of the giant resonances are thereby studied.The results are in good agreement with HF-RPA calculation and experimental evidences.     

MULTIPOLE GLANT RESONANCES IN HIGHLY EXCITED NUCLEI

The isoscalar giant surface resonance and giant dipole resonance in highly excited nuclei are discussed.Excitation energies of the giant modes in ²⁰⁸Pb are calculated in a simplified model,using the concept of energy weighted sum rule (EWSR),and the extended Thomas-Fermi approximation at the finite temperature is employed to describe the finite temperature equilibrium state.It is shown that EWSR and the enrgy of the resonance depend only weakly on temperature in the system.This weak dependence is analysed.     

DEPENDENCE OF PHASE TRANSITION ON THE MASS NUMBER OF HOT NUCLEI

The dependence of phase transition,associated with the disassembly of hot nuclei,on the mass number of hot nuclei is investigated.By studying six hot nuclei ranging from ⁵⁶Ni* to ²³⁸U*,we find that in the curves of excitation energy of hot nuclei vs.Thermodynamic temperature T(E*) of ⁶³Cu* and heavier ones there are always two temperature plateaus,but in T(E*) of ⁵⁶Ni the first temperature plateau (at lower excitation energy) shrinks into a kink.     

EQUATION OF STATE OF HOT NUCLEI BEFORE BREAK-UP

Following the method developed by the authors,recently,the equation of state of hot nuclei(²³⁸U in concrete) before break-up was investigated numerically.The isotherms are drawn in the plan of the general pressure P versus volume V_RT. They are similar to those of Van der Waals gas.The critical temperature of phase transition should correspond to the isotherm with one turning point only.It turns out that the data of mass yield distribution can be reproduced by many pairs of parameters T and V_RT (freeze-out temperature and freeze-out volume) varying in certain range.For each isotherm (each T),the data are always best reproduced by the value of V_RT located at the maximum general pressure within two phases coexistence region.     

热核静态性质的一个简单模型

以扩展Skyrme力为基础,计入唯象的表面效应和Coulomb相互作用,推导了核系统的能量密度。对于有限温度情形,通过索末菲展开,得到了能量密度、自由能密度以及熵密度的解析公式。由此计算了热核物质和有限核的状态方程,每核子熵及每核子自由能。对计算结果作了比较和分析,预言了在同一框架下研究热核动力学演化的可能性。 关键词：     

热核动力学演化的一个简单模型

以半经验的能量密度为基础,利用Fermi-Dirac积分的低温展开,得到了核的状态方程P(S,ρ)。在绝热假定下,采用流体动力学方程,具体研究了不同的热压缩核的动力学演化,特别分析了热能和压缩能对热压缩核稳定性的影响。 关键词：     

RESONANCES

<正>Written 2013 by D.Asner(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory),C.Hanhart(Forschungszentrum J(u|¨)lich)and E.Klempt(Bonn).47.1.General Considerations For simplicity,throughout this review the formulas are given for distinguishable,scalar particles.The additional complications that appear in the presence of spins can be controlled in the helicity framework developed by Jacob and Wick[1],or in a non-relativistic[2]or relativistic[3]tensor operator formalism.Within these frames,sequential(cascade)decays are commonly treated as a coherent sum     

ANALYSING PHOTONUCLEAR REACTION CROSS SECTIONS OF GIANT DIPOLE RESONANCES BY USING EXTENDED EXCITON MODEL BEING TREATED APPROXIMATELY

The photonuclear reaction cross sections of giant dipole resonances for ²⁰⁸Pb,¹⁸⁶W,¹⁸¹Ta,¹⁷⁵Lu,⁷⁵As and ⁵⁵Mn are calculated by using the extended exciton model in a further approximation.They are in good agreement with experimental data.The theoretical framework being given in our previous paper is reasonably supported.     

ROTATIONAL EFFECT ON ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITIONS IN NUCLEI

The signature-splitting of the energies,B(M1)-values and dynamical quadrupole moments in ¹⁵⁹Tm are investigated by means of the extended particle-rotor model.In particular,the effect of second-order Coriolis interaction on the signature-dependence of B(M1)-values is discussed.It was noted that the calculated values are in qualitative agreement with the measured data.