铅笔芯修饰聚苯胺制作微型复合pH电极的性能

在0.3mm直径的铅笔芯上电修饰聚苯胺,封入玻璃毛细管中,并与Ag/AgCl电极组合成复合微型pH电极.经实验测试,该电极的pH响应特性良好,在pH1～11的线性范围内,能斯特斜率为(-56.4±0.5)mV/pH,线性相关系数不小于0.996.作为参比的Ag/AgCl电极性能稳定.由于电极是复合微型化的,所以可用于活体微区测定.     

Ag/IrO_x-pH电极的制备、性能及应用研究

报道了一种基于Ag丝电化学修饰IrOx制备Ag/IrOx-pH电极的方法. 电极线性范围2～12pH, 响应斜率-73 mV/pH, 响应时间＜35 s. 用于实际样品与pH玻璃电极对照, ΔpH≤0.05, 拓展了可直接测定糊状物、半固体、土壤等pH的领域.     

5,10,15-三(4-氨基)苯基-20-苯基卟啉的电聚合膜及其金属化膜的电分析化学研究

本文对新型结构的卟啉进行电化学聚合,制得聚卟啉修饰电极,并在此基础上直接进行金属化,得到金属化的Cu聚卟啉修饰电极。实验表明,聚卟啉修饰电极在pH1～6的范围,对pH的变化呈能斯特响应,斜率为59.8mV/pH;金属化Cu聚卟啉对pH也具有能斯特响应,范围为pH4～8,斜率为28.7mV/pH。可用于实际样品的测定。     

柔性一体化电化学传感器检测汗液的pH值及尿酸浓度

分别以木犀草素和L-精氨酸作为pH值和尿酸(Uric acid, UA)的功能选择性试剂,与碳粉混合,掺杂在聚氯乙烯(PVC)成膜液内,制成pH柔性薄膜电极(pH flexible electrode, pH/FE)和尿酸柔性薄膜电极(UA flexible electrode, UA/FE)。将pH/FE、UA/FE、自制薄膜凝胶型Ag/AgCl参比电极、Pt丝电极平放在塑料薄膜上,用含有饱和KCl的聚乙烯醇-琼脂膜包埋四电极,露出工作电极表面,构成贴敷式柔性一体化电化学传感器(Flexible integrated electrochemical sensor, FIES)。连接pH/FE,将pH 2.00～8.00的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)分别滴涂在FIES表面,结果表明,在方波伏安曲线上出现一个氧化峰,峰电位与pH值呈线性关系。将含有UA的PBS滴涂在FIES表面,连接UA/FE,采用方波伏安法研究了UA的电化学行为,氧化峰电流与UA浓度在5.0×10^-6～1.3×10^-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为2.0×10^-...     

全固态穿刺复合Sb/Sb_xO_y-pH传感器的制备及性能研究

报道了一种直接测定固体、半固体及糊状物表面和内部pH的全固态复合Sb/SbxOy-pH传感器,研究了该传感器的制备工艺、性能、测试条件等。该pH传感器线性范围2～12,响应斜率-58.98mV/pH,响应时间≤30s,漂移≤0.1pH/24h,用于实际样品与pH玻璃电极对照,ΔpH≤0.1。通过交流阻抗技术,探讨了电极的动力学机理。     

高温水溶液pH值原位测量系统与机理

研制了以氧化钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)陶瓷薄膜电极为pH电极、外置压力平衡式Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极的高温高压水溶液pH值原位测量系统,测量了H₃BO₃\LiOH水溶液在473.15~573.15 K范围内的pH值,并与热力学计算得到的pH值比较。 结果表明,当温度高于548.15 K时,测量系统可以实现pH值的准确测量;而低于此温度时,由于YSZ陶瓷膜内阻过大,测得的pH值与理论计算值存在偏差,且随温度的降低,测量偏差增大。 讨论了该系统的pH值测量机理。     

石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺修饰电极制备及对水果酸度测定

采用滴涂法和电聚合法,依次将石墨烯(GS)和三聚氰胺(Mel)修饰到玻碳电极表面,制备了电化学性能良好的石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺(GS/pMel)复合薄膜修饰电极。利用循环伏安法考察了该修饰电极在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中的电化学行为,在循环伏安图中可见与pH相关的一对氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电位与溶液的pH值在1.93～12.53范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9969,响应斜率约为58 mV/pH。GS/pMel复合薄膜修饰电极成功地应用于果汁及水果活体的酸度测定,电极性能稳定,测量结果具有高度的重复性、稳定性和准确性。该修饰电极可广泛应用于果蔬活体酸度的直接测定。     

聚苯胺/钴-氧化钴膜作传感元件的pH传感器的性能

本文研究了在玻碳电极上修饰不同物质所制得的pH传感器,通过电位滴定的方法比较得出先修饰聚苯胺,再修饰钴-氧化钴膜的电极对pH有较好的响应,能代替玻璃电极应用在实际样品测定中。探究了最佳修饰条件为：先在0.1mol/L苯胺的盐酸（1mol/L）溶液中, 电位范围为-0.2~1.0V,以100 mV/s 的扫描速度循环伏安扫描 10圈修饰聚苯胺膜;接着在含2.0×10-4 mol/LCo2+的PBS （pH=7.5）缓冲溶液中, 电位范围为-1.2~1.2V,以100 mV/s 的扫描速度循环伏安扫描 5圈修饰钴-氧化钴膜。得到的修饰电极响应斜率为-61.60 mV/pH,响应范围pH 0.5~13。     

基于双氨基三唑硫醚为中性载体的汞离子选择性电极的研究

研制了基于双氨基三唑硫醚为中性载体的阳离子选择性电极。实验表明,该电极对Hg2 具有良好的电位响应特性,在pH 2.0硝酸盐缓冲液中,电极电位呈近能斯特响应,线性响应范围为4.0 mg/L~20 g/L,斜率为33.4 mV/dec.(25℃),检出限为1.7 mg/L。该电极响应时间短(<10 s),pH范围较宽(1.3~3.3)。将该电极用于实际水样和二元混合溶液中Hg2 的检测,其结果令人满意。     

血红蛋白在二维纳米金Langmuir—Blodgett单层膜修饰电极上的直接电化学

利用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)技术在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极上制备了分散均匀的二维纳米金单层膜,并将血红蛋白(Hb)直接固定于该修饰电极表面,研究了Hb在电极上的直接电化学行为.实验结果表明:纳米金可以改善Hb和电极间的直接电子传递,提高电子传递效率.Hb/Nano-Au修饰电极在pH 5.0～9.0范围内的式电位与溶液pH呈线性关系,斜率为-57 mV/pH,说明Hb的电子传递过程伴随质子转移;该修饰电极对H2O2具有良好的催化作用,在0.1 mol/L pH 7.0 的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,H2O2在2.5×10-6～4.1×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与响应电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.2×10-7 mol/L;其异相电子转移速率常数为0.66 s-1,米氏常数为0.20 mmol/L.     

Determination of linuron in soil by stripping voltammetry with a carbon fiber microelectrode

A carbon fiber microelectrode was used for the electroanalytical determination of Linuron (LIN) in soil extracts. The microelectrode was subjected to an electrochemical pretreatment in order to improve the herbicide adsorption on the electrode surface. With this preconcentration step, detection limits of 80 ng ml⁻¹ and determination limits of 260 ng ml⁻¹ were reached. Optimal conditions with respect to accumulation time and potential, scan rate and pH were established. The LIN was determined in a soil sample with the method proposed and the results found were comparable to those obtained by HPLC.     

全固态酸度微电极组的设计与应用

以木犀草素为pH特性敏感物,碳纤维为导电基质,固体石蜡为粘合剂制成了木犀草素碳纤维酸度微电极,将该电极与自制导电凝胶型全固态微型Ag/AgCl电极和铂丝微电极联用,构成全固态酸度微电极组。 采用循环伏安法研究了该电极组对pH值为2.00~10.00的磷酸盐缓冲溶液有效酸度的响应,结果表明,循环伏安曲线上有一对可逆氧化还原峰,两峰的峰电势均随pH值呈线性变化,据此建立了方波伏安法测定溶液酸度的方法,氧化峰的峰电势(E_pa)与pH的线性回归方程为:E_pa(V)=-0.0567pH+0.603(r=0.999),体液中常见离子及蛋白质等不干扰测定。 该电极组微型、无毒、抗干扰能力强,应用于微量体表唾液和汗液酸度的测定,取得了令人满意的结果,为微量体液的实时、在体、现场检测提供了技术基础。     

次黄嘌呤微型传感器及其应用研究

将微机械加工技术应用于传感器研究,制备一体化薄膜生物传感器。本项研究实瑞 微电极表面进行黄嘌呤氧化酶的固定化,从而制备一体化薄膜次黄嘌呤微传感器,该传感器对次黄嘌呤具有良好的响应特性和较高的测定灵敏度,传感器应用于鱼肉中次黄嘌呤的分析,获得了满意的结果。     

Fabrication and Use of Dual‐function Iridium Oxide Coated Gold SECM Tips. An Application to pH Monitoring above a Copper Electrode Surface during Nitrate Reduction.

The fabrication of a gold microelectrode modified with iridium oxide film (IrO_x) and its use as tip with a dual function in SECM experiments is reported. The defective structure of the coating onto the microelectrode surface was used as strategy to combine the advantages of both amperometric (for current‐distance determination) and potentiometric (for pH sensing) SECM operation modes. Approach curves, using oxygen and hexaammineruthenium(III) as redox mediators, were obtained without significant loss of the performance and reproducibility of the potentiometric pH response. This allowed the precise positioning of the proposed tip above a substrate in SECM experiments and, subsequently, to monitor pH at the substrate surface. The IrO_x modified microelectrode was applied successfully in SECM experiments involving the local proton consumption during the nitrate reduction at a copper cathode surface.     

Amperometric determination of lactate dehydrogenase based on a carbon fiber microcylinder electrode modified covalently with Toluidine Blue O by acylation

A method has been developed for the modification of a carbon fiber microcylinder electrode with acylation. The stability and surface coverage of the Toluidine Blue O-modified microelectrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode showed significant activity for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH in pH 6.8-7.8 solution. The catalytic current increased linearly with increasing concentration of NADH from 4.0 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-3) M. A simple amperometric determination based on electrochemical detection of NADH produced from the enzymatic reaction of lactate with NAD(+) under the catalysic effect of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is reported. The experimental factors which had primary influence on the analytical performance were studied. The sensor had a linear response over a range of LDH concentrations from 5.0 U l(-1) to 200 U l(-1) at -0.2 V vs. SCE under optimum conditions. A satisfactory result was obtained for the determination of LDH in clinical blood samples.     

Amperometric determination of ascorbic acid at a novel ‘self-doped’ polyaniline modified microelectrode

A ‘self-doped’ polyaniline modified microelectrode, prepared by cyclic potential sweep on a microdisk gold electrode from –0.2 to 0.85 V in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid containing aniline and o-aminobenzoic acid, has been developed. The copolymerized process and the resulting polymer characteristics were investigated in detail. This composite film indicated a good electrochemical activity in a wide pH range even in basic solution. Meanwhile, the redox couple exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of ascorbic acid. The oxidation overpotential of ascorbic acid was decreased over 200 mV at this modified electrode compared with a bare gold one. Moreover, the effects of film thickness and pH on the catalytic efficiency were further studied. The dependence of catalytic currents on the concentration of ascorbic acid was linear in the range of 1.2 × 10^–5～ 2.4 × 10^–3 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Also, the determination of ascorbic acid in actual samples was evaluated and the results are satisfactory.     

A novel method for fast determination of vitamin B6 by fast continuous cyclic voltammetry

In this work a novel method for the determination of Vitamin B6 in flow-injection systems has been developed. The fast Fourier transform continuous cyclic voltammetry (FFTCV) at gold microelectrode in flowing solution system was used for determination of Vitamin B6. This method is rapid, simple and highly sensitive procedures allowing the determination of Vitamin B6 in pharmaceutical analysis. The effects of various parameters on the sensitivity of the method were investigated. The best performance was obtained with the pH value of 2, scan rate value of 30 V/s, accumulation potential of 200 mV and accumulation time of 0.3 s. The proposed method has some advantages over other reported methods such as, no need for the removal of oxygen from the test solution, a sub-nanomolar detection limit, and finally the method is fast enough for the determination of any such compound, in a wide variety of chromatographic methods. To obtain a sensitive determination, the integration range of currents was set for all the potential scan ranges, including oxidation and reduction of the Au surface electrode, while performing the measurements. The potential waveform, consisting of the potential steps for cleaning, accumulation and potential ramp of analyte, was applied on an Au disk microelectrode (12.5 μm in radius) in a continuous way. The detection limit of the method for Vitamin B6 was 2.8 pg/ml. The relative standard deviation of the method at 2.1% was 8 runs. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 173–181. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

姜黄素-硅胶吸附剂的制备及其富集分离饮用水中痕量铁铜离子

制备了一种新型姜黄素修饰的硅胶吸附剂,并以它为固相萃取吸附剂富集、分离饮用水中痕量的Fe3+、Cu2+离子,ICP-AES法测定。同时采用静态吸附法研究了吸附剂对Fe3+、Cu2+的吸附条件:pH、振荡时间、吸附剂质量、洗脱条件和干扰离子等。该方法适用于自来水、河水及海水中痕量铁铜的测定。     

Amperometric determination of ascorbic acid at a novel ‘self-doped’ polyaniline modified microelectrode

A ‘self-doped’ polyaniline modified microelectrode, prepared by cyclic potential sweep on a microdisk gold electrode from –0.2 to 0.85 V in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid containing aniline and o-aminobenzoic acid, has been developed. The copolymerized process and the resulting polymer characteristics were investigated in detail. This composite film indicated a good electrochemical activity in a wide pH range even in basic solution. Meanwhile, the redox couple exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of ascorbic acid. The oxidation overpotential of ascorbic acid was decreased over 200 mV at this modified electrode compared with a bare gold one. Moreover, the effects of film thickness and pH on the catalytic efficiency were further studied. The dependence of catalytic currents on the concentration of ascorbic acid was linear in the range of 1.2 × 10^–5∼ 2.4 × 10^–3 mol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.996. Also, the determination of ascorbic acid in actual samples was evaluated and the results are satisfactory. Received: 7 October 1997 / Revised: 3 February 1998 / Accepted: 7 February 1998     

单柱离子色谱法同时分离分析9种多价金属阳离子的研究

近年来 ,对生物样品中的重金属和过渡金属离子的分析已引起人们的关注 .目前 ,对这些离子的分析方法主要有分光光度法 [1] 、原子吸收法 (AAS) [2 ] 、原子发射法 (AES) [3 ] 和高频电感偶合等离子体发射光谱 -质谱 (ICP- MS) [4 ] 等 .这些方法或操作步骤冗长费时 ,需要多种化