SPES/PWA/SiO_2复合质子交换膜的性能

以磺化聚醚砜(SPES)为基体,以不同比例的SiO2溶胶与磷钨酸(PWA)为掺杂物,制备了一种有望用于直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的新型SPES/PWA/SiO2有机-无机复合膜,并经热失重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)-X射线能谱分析(EDX)等对膜的结构和性能进行了表征,探讨了复合膜用作质子交换膜的可能性.结果表明:复合膜较纯SPES膜具有更高的热稳定性、玻璃化转变温度和吸水率;虽然在室温和电池操作温度(80℃)下,复合膜的拉伸强度均低于纯SPES膜,但即使当SiO2含量高达20%(w)时,复合膜的拉伸强度仍高于Nafion112膜的;SEM图片显示SiO2和PWA在膜中分布均匀,这将有利于连续质子传输通道的形成.对于SiO2含量为15%(w),PWA含量为6%(w)的复合膜,其室温质子传导率达到了0.034S·cm-1,与Nafion112膜的相当,但其甲醇渗透率明显降低,仅为商用Nafion112膜的七分之一左右,这表明该复合膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

质子交换膜燃料电池Nafion/PTFE复合膜的研究

在聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)多孔膜内浸入Nafion树脂,制成Nafion/PTFE复合膜用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC).该复合膜的Nafion含量在50%左右,在干态和湿态时的拉伸强度及水化/脱水过程中,其尺寸稳定性比Nafion均有所提高.在80 ℃,H2/O2压力为0.2/0.2 MPa条件下,用25 μm厚复合膜组装的电池性能优于Nafion117膜组装电池的性能.测量了复合膜的O2渗透率和含水量并与Nafion膜的性能作了比较.     

聚苯并咪唑/磺化苯膦酸锆质子交换杂化膜的制备与表征

为了提高质子交换膜在高温和低湿度条件下的热稳定性、机械性能和质子传导性能,将新型质子导体磺化苯膦酸锆(Zirconium Sulfophenylphosphonate,Zr SPP)引入聚苯并咪唑(Polybenzimidazole,PBI)有机基体中制备PBI/Zr SPP质子交换杂化膜。分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉伸测试、热稳定性分析(TGA)和交流阻抗法对质子交换杂化膜的微观结构及性能进行表征。考察了Zr SPP在膜内的分散性及其加入对质子交换杂化膜的热稳定性能,机械性能及质子传导性能的影响。实验结果表明,Zr SPP均匀的分布在质子交换杂化膜中;Zr SPP的加入增强了质子交换杂化膜的热稳定性能;在外界不加湿的条件下,PBI/5%Zr SPP质子交换杂化膜的质子电导率在160℃可达到38m S/cm。PBI/5%Zr SPP质子交换杂化膜的拉伸强度为43.0MPa,具有比Nafion117(拉伸强度26.6MPa)更好的机械性能。     

磺化聚醚醚酮与壳聚糖共混制备直接甲醇燃料电池用质子交换膜

给出了不同磺化度下的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)用作质子交换膜的一系列性能,另外提出了一种新型的酸碱共混质子交换膜,其中,磺化聚醚醚酮和壳聚糖分别被选为酸性、碱性高分子电解质,并对所制备的质子交换膜的相关性能如质子传导性,甲醇渗透性,吸水率以及膜溶胀性、热稳定性等进行了表征,结果表明此种新型复合膜尽管在质子传导性能方面有所下降,阻醇性能改变不大,但是膜溶胀性和吸水率方面有了较大的改善.磺化度为71.4%的SPEEK与壳聚糖以5∶1摩尔比共混制备的质子交换膜,其性质可以与商品化的Nafion 117相媲美,有望在甲醇燃料电池中得到应用.     

磺化聚醚砜/磷酸硼复合质子交换膜的制备与性能

采用sol-gel法成功制备了一系列有望用于高温质子交换膜燃料电池的新型磺化聚醚砜(SPES)/磷酸硼(BPO4)复合膜, 并经热重分析(TGA)-傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)联用技术、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 复合膜较纯SPES膜具有更高的热稳定性和玻璃化转变温度, 较低的溶胀性及较高的氧化稳定性; SEM图片显示BPO4在聚合物基体中的分布十分均匀, 这将有利于连续质子传输通道的形成; 复合膜的质子传导率随BPO4含量的增加而增加, 当温度超过120 ℃后, 复合膜仍保持着较高的质子传导率, 这表明该复合膜在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

含全氟联苯结构的磺化聚二氮杂萘酮醚氧膦质子交换膜的制备与性能

将全氟联苯、 二(4-氟苯基)苯基氧膦与4-(4′-羟基)苯基-2,3-二氮杂萘酮共聚, 合成了含全氟联苯结构的聚二氮杂萘酮醚氧膦, 再经磺化反应, 制备了含全氟联苯结构的磺化聚二氮杂萘酮醚氧膦(sPEPOF-x, x为含氟重复单元的摩尔分数)质子交换膜. 由于强疏水全氟联苯结构促进了聚合物膜的亲水/疏水微相分离, 提高了质子电导率, 降低了溶胀率, sPEPOF质子交换膜表现出优良的综合性能. 在80 ℃下, sPEPOF-25质子交换膜的溶胀率仅为10%, 约为Nafion 117的一半, 而其电导率为0.099 S/cm, 约为Nafion 117的1.2倍, 且耐氧化稳定性好, 热稳定性高, 具有潜在的应用前景.     

磺化聚醚砜/薄水铝石复合质子交换膜的性能

为了提高膜的阻醇性能和高温下的质子传导性, 在磺化聚醚砜(SPES)中掺杂一种吸湿性的无机物AlOOH, 制备了一种新型的SPES/AlOOH复合质子交换膜. 并经傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、热失重(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明: 复合膜较纯SPES膜具有更高的热稳定性和吸水率; SEM图片显示AlOOH在膜中分布均匀. 复合膜在高温下具有良好的质子传导性, 掺杂量为10%(w)的复合膜在120 °C下的质子传导率仍可保持在0.014 S·cm^-1左右; 随着AlOOH含量的增加, 复合膜的阻醇性能大大提高, 这表明该复合膜在直接甲醇燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景.     

磺化聚醚醚酮/二氧化硅/磷钨酸导电复合膜的制备

1引言 直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)被认为是最适合发展可移动电源的选择之一,目前困扰DMFC发展的主要问题之一是所使用的质子交换膜(主要是杜邦公司的Nafion膜)的阻醇性能较低.磺化聚醚醚酮膜(SPEEK)[1]特有的微观结构使其阻醇性能明显的优于Nafion膜,而较低的质子传导率、较差的机械性能以及溶胀等缺点限制了它的应用;本文通过在其中加入二氧化硅(SiO2)[2]和磷钨酸(PWA)[3]制备磺化聚醚醚酮/二氧化硅/磷钨酸导电复合膜,并考察了二氧化硅及磷钨酸对复合膜溶胀性能、质子传导率及机械性能的影响.     

磺化聚醚醚酮/含硅二胺交联结构质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

采用含硅二胺(DMS)与磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)反应,制备了交联结构质子交换膜.通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和溶解实验证实交联结构的存在.采用热重分析仪(TG)、万能材料试验机和电化学综合站,研究了交联结构质子交换膜的热稳定性能、力学性能和交流阻抗.对质子交换膜的阻醇性能、水中尺寸稳定性能、吸水率、质子交换容量和质子传导率进行了详细探讨.交联改性可大幅度提高SPEEK膜的力学性能、阻醇性能以及尺寸稳定性能.通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察拉伸断面微观形貌,结果显示,DMS均匀分散在SPEEK基体中.将SPEEK/DMS交联结构质子交换膜与Nafion-117膜进行了性能对比分析,结果表明适度交联的质子交换膜具有比Nafion-117更优异的综合性能.20％的DMS对SPEEK进行交联改性后,膜的甲醇渗透系数为4.26×10-7 cm2·s-1,远低于Nafion-117的1.88×10-6 cm2·s-1;SPEEK/DMS-20％交联质子交换膜的有效选择性是Nafion-117的1.68倍.     

DMFCs用磺化聚醚醚酮/功能化二氧化硅复合质子交换膜

在磺化度(DS)为55.1%的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)中掺杂功能化二氧化硅(吸湿性SiO2溶胶及带有磺酸基团的二氧化硅(SiOx-S)粒子)制备SPEEK/SiO2和SPEEK/SiOx-S复合质子交换膜.SiO2和SiOx-S的掺杂能有效提高复合膜的抗溶胀、阻醇性能及高温低湿情况下的电导率.纯SPEEK膜在80℃溶胀为52.6%,而SiO2和SiOx-S掺杂量为15%的复合膜在此温度下分别仅有26.2%和27.3%的溶胀.在室温至80℃范围内,SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)和SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)复合膜的甲醇透过系数比Nafion115膜小近2个数量级.在120℃、相对湿度(RH)为40%情况下,SPEEK纯膜的电导率仅为2.6×10-4S.cm-1,SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)复合膜约为2.0×10-3S.cm-1,而SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)复合膜高达1.0×10-2S.cm-1,与Nafion115相当.SPEEK/SiO2(20 wt%)和SPEEK/SiOx-S(20 wt%)2种复合膜的尺寸稳定性较高,膜电极无催化剂与膜分离现象,其DMFCs单电池性能好于SPEEK膜.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.