基于Metasurface的柱矢量光束的产生

本文提出了一种基于Metasurface产生任意柱矢量光束的方法.采用的Metasurface是在熔融石英上刻蚀空间变化的非周期光栅构成.非周期光栅会形成空变的有效双折射,从而对光场的偏振态空间分布进行调制.通过琼斯矩阵的方法分析得出这样的Metasurface可以将入射线偏振光转换为柱矢量光束,并且只需要改变入射线偏振光的偏振方向即可获得高阶庞加莱球赤道上任意一点的柱矢量光束.最后,用Metasurface搭建了一套简单、高效的柱矢量光束产生系统,实验结果与理论分析一致.     

Modeling and optimization of non-periodic grating couplers

The higher degree of freedom available for non-periodic gratings (as compared with their periodic counterparts) is investigated. These non-periodic structures may be employed to design novel light couplers with increased functionality. Optimizing such devices requires a complex search in a huge parameter space. The success in the solution of this task depends on the availability of a fast forward solver and a reliable search algorithm. Here, a fast forward solver based on the multiple multipole (MMP) method together with a near-to-far field transformation and a multiple scattering calculation is presented. Thanks to the efficiency of our approach, non-periodic gratings are evaluated with a speed comparable to commonly used periodic grating approximations. This allows our solver to be combined with a heuristic global search scheme, namely an evolutionary algorithm. The procedure is demonstrated with the optimization of a non-periodic grating output coupler that suppresses an unwanted second diffracted order.     

Development of laser deposited multilayer zone plate structures for soft X-ray radiation

As a novel approach, the combination of pulsed laser deposition and focused ion beam was applied to fabricate different types of multilayer zone plate structures for soft X-ray applications. For this purpose, high quality non-periodic ZrO₂/Ti multilayers were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on planar Si substrates and on rotating steel wires with layer thicknesses according to the Fresnel zone plate law. Linear focusing optics were fabricated by cutting slices out of the multilayers by focused ion beam and placing them directly over pinholes within Si₃N₄ substrates. Additionally, it was shown that laser deposition of depth-graded multilayers on a wire is also a promising way for building up multilayer zone plates with point focus. First experiments using a table-top X-ray source based on a laser-induced plasma show that the determined focal length and spatial resolution of the fabricated multilayer Laue lens corresponds to the designed optic.     

软X射线多层膜与衰减膜研究

本文采用随机数的方法,发展了一种普适的多层膜设计方法,这种方法除可设计一般的周期多层膜,更重要的是它可以根据选定的评价因子,设计不同要求的非周期多层膜。用磁控溅射方法完成软X射线多层膜制备,X射线衍射、卢瑟福背散射、俄歇电子谱和反射率的相对测试用来表征多层膜结构和特性,所得结果说明多层膜的结构完整,周期参数正确。用离子束溅射方法成功地制备了有一定反射率和透过率的软X射线半反半透分束镜;分析了Ag和Zr衰减膜中的杂质含量与分布及其对衰减膜特性的影响,并对衰减系数进行了修正,为实验提供优质的衰减膜。     

On the formation of periodic structures on solid surfaces

A model is proposed to explain the formation of periodic structures produced on solid surfaces by laser radiation. The model gives rise to a system of two linear integrodifferential equations with difference kernels for temperature correction due to the specific absorption of electromagnetic energy at a certain solid surface profile and at a surface profile formed due to heat expansion resulting from temperature correction. The solution of this system reveals, that, first, periodic structures are formed as a result of the propagation of periodic profiles generated from a certain original non-periodic profile over the body surface. Second, the amplitudes of these waves grow with time only for a laser density exceeding certain critical value, i.e. the formation of periodic structures is a threshold effect relative to the laser density.     

Design and applications of discrete mode Fabry-Perot diode lasers

We describe how the multimode spectrum of a Fabry-Perot diode laser can be tailored using a non-periodic patterning of the cavity effective index. The cavity geometry is obtained from the solution of an inverse problem based on a perturbative calculation of the threshold gain of the longitudinal modes of the cavity. Experimental measurements are presented that demonstrate an all-optical memory element based on the injection locking bistability of a two-mode device. We also demonstrate passive harmonic mode-locking of a device designed to support a comb of six modes. Near-transform limited pulsed output with 2 ps pulse duration at 100 GHz repetition rate was obtained. Prospects for the extension of our approach to locking of larger numbers of modes over wider bandwidths are discussed. Similarities between the effective index profiles found in these devices and those of related devices and grating structures are also highlighted.     

Analysis and optimization of integrated-optic travelling-wave modulators using periodic and non-periodic phase reversals

An analysis is given of phase-reversal electrode structures used for phase matching in travelling-wave integrated-optic phase modulators. Both modulus and argument of the phase shift are obtained; both are required for applications involving broadband excitation. Periodic and non-periodic lossy structures are treated and the advantage of non-periodic structures for wide-band operation is demonstrated. Optimum structure arrangements and upper bounds to phase shift and figure of merit are derived.     

非周期多层膜Kirkpatrick-Baez显微镜成像

从光线传播的角度分析了非周期多层膜Kirkpatrick-Baez（KB）显微镜的成像性能,并与单层膜KB显微镜、周期多层膜KB显微镜进行了对比。与单层膜KB显微镜相比,多层膜KB显微镜提高了工作掠入射角度,在同样分辨力和集光效率要求下具有更大的视场。周期多层膜KB显微镜的反射率和能量分辨本领高于非周期多层膜KB显微镜,但非周期多层膜元件具有较大的角度带宽和均一的反射率,克服了周期多层膜KB显微镜视场范围和像场均匀性的不足。在此基础上,制备了中心角度1.133 0°的非周期多层膜反射镜元件,以8 keV能量的X射线光管为背光源进行了KB显微镜成像实验,实验结果与理论分析一致。     

Extended states in non-periodic superlattices

We present a study of the electronic properties of non-periodic superlattices built with two basic elements. Our calculations are made in the envelope function approximation and use the transfer matrix method. Starting with periodic approximants of quasiperiodic Fibonacci superlattices we demonstrate that extended states can exist in non-periodic structures. Those states are due to a specific property of the electronic transfer matrices related to the two basic elements but not on the stacking law.     

非周期多层膜Kirkpatrick-Baez显微镜成像

从光线传播的角度分析了非周期多层膜Kirkpatrick-Baez(KB)显微镜的成像性能,并与单层膜KB显微镜、周期多层膜KB显微镜进行了对比。与单层膜KB显微镜相比,多层膜KB显微镜提高了工作掠入射角度,在同样分辨力和集光效率要求下具有更大的视场。周期多层膜KB显微镜的反射率和能量分辨本领高于非周期多层膜KB显微镜,但非周期多层膜元件具有较大的角度带宽和均一的反射率,克服了周期多层膜KB显微镜视场范围和像场均匀性的不足。在此基础上,制备了中心角度1.133 0°的非周期多层膜反射镜元件,以8 keV能量的X射线光管为背光源进行了KB显微镜成像实验,实验结果与理论分析一致。     

一种适用于非周期结构高分辨象模拟计算的新方法

通常的FFT多片层法(FFTMS)动力学衍射计算中,由于采用了边界采样点周期性延伸的假设,从而导致非周期结构高分辨象模拟的严重失真。在仔细研究这种误差成因的基础上,本文提出了一种适用于非周期结构的高分辨象模拟计算新方法,它基于实空间多片层(RSMS)象模拟计算方法,但在势投影及传播因数计算中充分考虑了非周期结构的特点,从而得到与实验符合较好的结果。 关键词：     

Binary TLBO algorithm assisted to investigate the supper scattering plasmonic nano rod

A new efficient binary optimization method based Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed to design an array of plasmonic nano-rods in order to achieve maximum scattering coefficient spectrum. In binary TLBO (BTLBO), a group of learner consists a matrix with binary entries; control the presence (“1”) or the absence (“0”) of nano-rods in the array. Simulation results show that scattering coefficient strongly depends on the localized position of nano-particles and non-periodic structures have more appropriate response in term of scattering coefficient. This approach can be useful in optical applications such as plasmonic nano-antenna.     

Binary teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm is used to investigate the superscattering plasmonic nanodisk

A new efficient binary optimization method based on Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm is proposed to design an array of plasmonic nanodisks in order to achieve maximum scattering coefficient spectrum. In binary TLBO (BTLBO), a group of learner consists of a matrix with binary entries; control the presence (‘1’) or the absence (‘0’) of nanodisks in the array. Simulation results show that scattering coefficient strongly depends on the localized position of nanoparticles and non-periodic structures have more appropriate response in term of scattering coefficient. This approach can be useful in optical applications such as plasmonic nanoantennas.     

The uses of diversity: non-crystalline arrays in microstructured optical fibres

Microstructured polymer optical fibres (mPOFs) can be more easily fabricated in unusual geometries than their silica counterparts, allowing a more diverse range of structures to be explored. We have used evolutionary algorithms to explore a variety of fibre structures, including non-periodic structures.     

3D imaging of evaporating fuel droplets by stereoscopic PIV

A gun-type burner is a widely used oil burner for industrial and domestic applications. The oil is pressure-atomized and mixed with air generating a recirculating, swirling flow. Because of the surrounding flame, fuel droplets evaporate, being difficult to obtain information on droplets’ dynamics. Several laser techniques have been applied to this burner for spray diagnosis. PDA provides information about droplet size and velocity but can say little about the instantaneous spatial structures in the flow. Planar laser techniques as PIV can describe the 2D instantaneous spatial structures, but cannot provide information about the 3D structures in the flow. Then Stereoscopic PIV was applied. This technique allows us to measure the full 3D velocity vector map in a whole fluid plane. This paper has a double purpose. Firstly, to visualize the 3D structures which are present in the burner; secondly, to show that Stereoscopic PIV is an applicable technique for the diagnosis of an evaporating spray.     

Gravitational wave detection: stochastic resonance method with matched filtering

Along with the development of the interferometric gravitational wave detector, we enter into an epoch of the gravitational wave astronomy, which will open a brand new window for astrophysics to observe our universe. However, the gravitational wave detection is a typical weak signal detection, and this weak signal is buried in a strong instrument noise. To our knowledge, almost all of the data analysis methods in gravitational wave detection at present are based on a matched filtering. So it is desirable to take advantage of stochastic resonance methods. However, the all of the stochastic resonance methods are general based on a Fourier transformation and fall short of the matched filtering as a usable technique. In this paper we relate the stochastic resonance to the matched filtering. Our results show that the stochastic resonance can indeed be combined with the matched filtering for both the periodic and the non-periodic input signal. This encouraging result will be the first step to apply the stochastic resonance to the matched filtering in gravitational wave detection. Moreover, based on the matched filtering, we firstly propose a novel measurement method for the stochastic resonance which is valid for both the periodic and the non-periodic driven signal.     

Atom lithography with a holographic light mask

In atom lithography with optical masks, deposition of an atomic beam on a given substrate is controlled by a standing light-wave field. The lateral intensity distribution of the light field is transferred to the substrate with nanometer scale. We have tailored a complex pattern of this intensity distribution through diffraction of a laser beam from a hologram that is stored in a photorefractive crystal. This method can be extended to superpose 1000 or more laser beams. The method is furthermore applicable during growth processes and thus allows full 3D structuring of suitable materials with periodic and non-periodic patterns at nanometer scales.     

Introduction: dissipative localized structures in extended systems

Localized structures belong to the class of dissipative structures found far from equilibrium. Contributions from the most representative groups working on a various fields of natural science such as biology, chemistry, plant ecology, mathematics, optics, and laser physics are presented. The aim of this issue is to gather specialists from these fields towards a cross-fertilization among these active areas of research and thereby to present an overview of the state of art in the formation and the characterization of dissipative localized structures. Nonlinear optics and laser physics have an important part in this issue because of potential applications in information technology. In particular, localized structures could be used as "bits" for parallel information storage and processing.     

Some comments on the Mindlin-Goodman method of solving vibrations problems with time dependent boundary conditions

Experimental evidence is presented for chaotic type non-periodic motions of a deterministic magnetoelastic oscillator. These motions are analogous to solutions in non-linear dynamic systems possessing what have been called “strange attractors”. In the experiments described below a ferromagnetic beam buckled between two magnets undergoes forced oscillations. Although the applied force is sinusoidal, nevertheless bounded, non-periodic, apparently chaotic motions result due to jumps between two or three stable equilibrium positions. A frequency analysis of the motion shows a broad spectrum of frequencies below the driving frequency. Also the distribution of zero crossing times shows a broad spectrum of times greater than the forcing period. The driving amplitude and frequency parameters required for these non-periodic motions are determined experimentally. A continuum model based on linear elastic and non-linear magnetic forces is developed and it is shown that this can be reduced to a single degree of freedom oscillator which exhibits chaotic solutions very similar to those observed experimentally. Thus, both experimental and theoretical evidence for the existence of a strange attractor in a deterministic dynamical system is presented.     

Design and optimization of an arbitrarily segmented traveling wave electrode for an ultrahigh speed electroabsorption modulator

The modulation response of an arbitrarily segmented traveling wave electroabsorption modulator (TW-EAM) with a non-periodic electrode layout is analyzed with an effective approach based on the transmission line theory. An optimization method based on a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the segmented electrode with additional capacitive pads for a TW-EAM. Optimized electrode structures are given for 165 μm-length devices under standard 50 Ω RF termination condition and 210 μm-length devices with smaller integrated resistors. Great enhancement of performances in modulation response is achieved as compared to the periodic design reported previously. The simulation with the parameters extracted from measurement results suggests that a 3 dB-bandwidth over 100 GHz could be achieved. The eye diagram from the simulation demonstrates that such devices would be competent for a 100Gb/s optical network.