双氧水存在下钙-萘酚绿B体系的极谱波及分析应用

研究了在双氧水存在下钙-萘酚绿B体系的极谱波行为及其应用。在pH11.8的氢氧化钠溶液中,钙-萘酚绿B络合物于-0.67V可产生灵敏的极谱波,加入双氧水后极谱波移至-0.72V,且波高明显增大。导数波高与钙离子浓度在0.01-3.5mg/L范围内呈线性关系。研究了该波的性质及电极反应机理。证明为配位还原的络合吸附催化波。利用拟定的方法测定了水样、生物样品中的微量钙含量。     

萘丁美酮的极谱波特征及其分析应用

在NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4(pH=9.0)缓冲溶液中,萘丁美酮在-0.62V处产生一个灵敏的极谱波.导数波高与萘丁美酮的浓度在0.5～25.0μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.06μg/mL.通过对萘丁美酮的极谱波行为的分析,探讨了电极反应机理,建立了测定微量萘丁美酮的分析方法.     

木糖的极谱波特征及应用

在 0.015 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中 D(+ )-木糖于 -1.72 V处产生一个灵敏的极谱波, 导数波高与木糖质量浓度在 0.03～ 4 g/L范围内呈线性关系, 据此建立了测定微量 D(+ )-木糖的极谱分析法, 该法检出限为 3.2× 10-3 g/L, 研究了极谱波性质、电极反应机理及电子转移数, 证明木糖在该条件下所产生的极谱波受前行化学反应速度控制 ; 该法简单、快速, 并成功地用于玉米芯、甘蔗渣水解液中木糖含量的测定 .     

单扫描极谱法测定土壤、蔬菜、水样中痕量氟

本文采用三电极系统,在0.08mol/L盐酸条件下,利用氟对锆(-水杨基荧光酮(SAF)-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)三元络合体系的竞争抑制,用单扫描极谱法测定多样品中的痕量氟。最佳底液条件是:0.8mg/LZr(-1.4×10-4mol/L(SAF)-8.0×10-6mol/L(CTMAB)。其起始电位为-0.25V,峰电位在-0.65V(vs.SCE)左右,测氟的线性范围为40～640μg/L。检出限为2.0μg/L。本方法具有反应快、重现性好、检测灵敏、选择性好、操作方便的特点。本法适用于土壤,水样及蔬菜中微量氟的测定。用单扫描极谱法研究了氟的极谱行为,证明了该波为不可逆还原吸附波,讨论了电极反应机理。     

氟的单扫描极谱测定改进体系研究及分析应用

采用三电极系统, 在HCl条件下, 利用氟对锆(Ⅳ)-水杨基荧光酮(SAF)二元络合体系的竞争抑制及聚乙二醇的增敏作用, 用单扫描极谱法测定多样品中各含量的氟. 最佳底液组成是: 1.2 mg/L Zr(Ⅳ)-0.24 mol/L HCl-1.4×10-4 mol/L的水杨基荧光酮-1.6 mg/L的聚乙二醇(20000). 其起始电位为-0.30 V, 峰电位在-0.68 V (vs. SCE)左右, 测氟的线性范围为16.0～800.0 μg/L, 线性回归方程为Ip″(×10-4 nA)＝1.3551+0.0048c (μg/L) (n＝21, r＝0.9996), 检出限为12.2 μg/L. 本法适用于土壤、水样、蔬菜及人发中各含量氟的测定. 用单扫描极谱法研究了氟的极谱行为, 证明了电极反应物为水杨基荧光酮而非ZrFp4-p, 极谱波为不可逆还原吸附波, 讨论了电极反应机理.     

线性扫描极谱法检测环境水样中四环素

基于四环素在pH=5.5的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液中可产生一灵敏的还原峰,建立了一种测定四环素的极谱新方法。在优化条件下,于起始电位-0.9 V(vs.SCE),峰电位-1.4V(vs.SCE),四环素浓度分别在0.1~30、30~90μg/mL范围内与峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为0.0024μg/mL。该方法直接用于环境水样中四环素的检测,回收率为97.8%~102.9%。用线性扫描极谱法研究了检测体系的电化学行为,证明了极谱波为不可逆还原吸附波,并讨论了电极反应机理。     

棉酚在HCl-丙酮体系中极谱波的研究

Маркман等曾研究棉酚在丙酮溶液中的极谱行为,发现它在0.5NHCl的丙酮溶液中可产生一极谱还原波,E_(1/2)为-0.45V(S.C.E.),波高和棉酚浓度呈线性关系,并在此基础上建立了棉籽及棉籽油中棉酚含量的极谱测定法。作者认为该波表示棉酚结构中芳醛基在滴汞电极上的还原反应:     

钍-铬天青S的极谱吸附波

在0.12moL/L乙酸铵-0.05%磺基水杨酸-0.15%乙醇,pH5.8～6.0的条件下,钍与铬天青S在-0.45W(vs SCE)有一良好的导数极谱波。钍浓度在0～0.4μg/mL范围内与波高呈直线关系。     

以茜素兰S为电化学探针测定DNA的研究

在pH 4.5的0.2 mol/L Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,茜素兰S(ABS)于-0.51 V(vs.SCE)产生一个灵敏的线性扫描二阶导数极谱还原峰。当在上述溶液中加入DNA后,茜素兰S在-0.51 V处还原峰的峰电流降低并且峰电位正移,说明两者之间可以通过嵌插作用而结合。结合反应的发生使溶液中游离的茜素兰S浓度降低,相应的还原峰电流降低。实验优化了结合反应条件和电化学测定条件。在最佳条件下,峰电流的降低值同DNA的浓度在1.0~60.0 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为△ip″(nA)=18.13c(mg/L)-7.61(n=9,r=0.998)。方法应用于合成样品中DNA的测定,结果令人满意。     

过硫酸钾存在下吸附缔合/平行催化波法测定酮洛芬

应用线性扫描极谱法和循环伏安法,在0.10 mol/L NH4C l-NH3.H2O(pH 9.5)-0.01 mol/L K2S2O8底液中,对酮洛芬(KPF)的电化学行为进行了研究。在该底液中KPF于峰电位-1.37 V(vs.SCE)处产生1个灵敏的吸附缔合/平行催化波。该极谱催化波中S2O82-有双重作用:①S2O82-作为配位体与吸附在电极表面的质子化KPF形成缔合物,引起峰电位负移;②S2O82-及其还原中间产物SO4-作为氧化KPF羰基经单电子单质子还原的自由基,产生了极谱催化,使峰电流显著增加。该极谱催化波的二阶导数峰峰电流与KPF浓度在1.97×10-8~3.94×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为6.57×10-9mol/L(3σ)。对3.94×10-7mol/LKPF溶液进行13次平行测定,RSD为1.24%。该催化波的分析灵敏度比相应还原波提高20倍。该方法已用于药剂中KPF的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。