A new synthesis of thioketones from hydrazones and disulfur dichloride

Reaction of ketone hydrazones with disulfur dichloride in the presence of triethylamine in benzene at 0 °C - room temperature afforded the corresponding thiones in a moderate to high yield, probably via thioxothioketone (R₂C=S=S) intermediate.     

A highly active Suzuki catalyst for the synthesis of sterically hindered biaryls: novel ligand coordination

A catalyst system for the preparation of biaryls containing four ortho substituents via Suzuki coupling is described. The combination of a catalytic quantity of Pd2(dba)3 with either an electron-rich biarylphosphine or DPEPhos is effective using a wide range of substrates. The X-ray crystal structure of (dba)Pd(2-(9-phenanthryl)phenyl-dicyclohexylphosphine), in which the Pd is coordinated to the 9,10-double bond of the phenanthryl group, is also reported.     

Synthesis of highly hindered polyanionic chelating ligands

Practical and efficient protocols to obtain highly hindered polyanionic chelating ligands based on bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzamido) compounds are reported here. N-3,5-di-tert-Butylsalicyloyloxysuccinimide was treated with aliphatic diamines to form aliphatic hydrocarbon-linked bis-amides 4a-4g. Aromatic diamines required more powerful electrophile, thus the corresponding benzylated acid chloride was used to form aromatic hydrocarbon-linked bis-amides 8a-8d. The yields ranged from good to very good and showed that choosing the right acylating agent is a key point in this synthesis. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS and NMR.     

Synthesis of chiral highly hindered cyclopentadienylruthenium compounds

Optically active highly hindered half-sandwich ruthenium(II) compounds with C₂-symmetric cyclopentadienyl ligands were synthesized from the ligand precursors, 4 and 5, which were derived from (−)-β-pinene. Thus, the reaction of the ligands with triruthenium dodecacarbonyl produced ruthenium compounds, 10 and 11, after oxidative treatment. These compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography.     

One-step synthesis of new aluminum hydrides bearing a highly sterically hindered acenaphthene-1,2-diimine ligand

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Some highly sterically hindered organo-silanols and -siloxanes

Reaction of the iodides TsiSiMe₂I and TsiSiPh₂I, (Tsi  (Me₃Si)₃C) with AgClO₄ in t-BuOH provides a route to the silanols TsiSiMe₂OH and (Me₃Si)₂-C(SiPh₂Me)(SiMe₂OH), respectively. TsiSiMe₂OH gives the disiloxane TsiSiMe₂OSiMe₃ when treated with either (a) Me₃SiOClO₃ (prepared in situ from AgClO₄ and Me₃SiCl) in benzene, (b) Me₃SiI (in the presence of a little (Me₃Si)₂-NH), (c) O,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, or (d) MeLi followed by Me₃SiCl. It does not react with Me₃SiCl, but with Me₂SiCl₂ gives TsiSiMe₂OSiMe₂Cl, and with CH₃COCl gives TsiSiMe₂OCOCH₃. The disiloxane is stable to methanolic acid or base, but reacts with KOH in H₂O/Me₂SO and with CF₃COOH to give TsiSiMe₂OH. The disiloxane (Me₃Si)₂C(SiPh₂Me)(SiMe₂OSiMe₃) is formed by treatment of (Me₃Si)₂C(SiPh₂Me)(SiMe₂OH) with Me₃SiI/(Me₃Si)₂NH. Treatment of TsiSiPhMeI with AgClO₄ in t-BuOH gives the silanols TsiSiPhMeOH and (Me₃Si)₂C(SiPhMe₂)(SiMe₂OH) (which with Me₃SiI/(Me₃Si)₂NH give the corresponding disiloxanes) along with some of the t-butoxide (Me₃Si)₂C(SiPhMe₂)(SiMe₂OBu^t).     

Palladium-catalyzed hydrostannylations of highly hindered acetylenes in hexane

Hexane is particularly favorable as a solvent for hydrostannylation of hindered internal alkynes by minimizing the competing formation of H₂ and Bu₃SnSnBu₃. The optimum conditions involve Pd(OAc)₂ and a donor monophosphine (PCy₃) in hexane at 23°C.     

Studies toward gymnodimine: development of a single-pot Hua reaction for the synthesis of highly hindered cyclic imines

[structure: see text]. In studies directed toward gymnodimine and related marine toxins, a single-pot variation of the Hua cyclic imine synthesis has been developed. The reaction involves generation of N-trimethylsilyl lactams in situ followed by alkyllithium addition leading directly to cyclic imines. Importantly, this reaction proceeds efficiently with highly hindered alpha,alpha-dialkyl lactams, provided 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) is used as solvent, leading to stable cyclic imines. Overall, this transformation allows a one-pot coupling of an alkyliodide and a lactam to give a cyclic imine.     

A highly enantioselective benzothiepine synthesis

A highly enantioselective synthesis of benzothiepine 1a has been accomplished via an enantioenriched sulfoxide intermediate obtained by asymmetric oxidation with a chiral oxaziridine in 89:11 er. The key step is a thermodynamically controlled asymmetric cyclization reaction that produces two new stereogenic centers. The (4R,5R) isomer 1a was obtained in 98:2 er.     

An efficient synthesis of sterically hindered arylboronic acids

Boronic acids are important intermediates and molecular recognition moieties in a wide variety of applications. In our research, we have found that the synthesis of ortho-substituted arylboronic acids is problematic with the commonly used bis(pinacolato)diboron in palladium-mediated borylation reactions. As a substitute, we have found that bis(neopentyl glycolato)diboron is a much more efficient borylation agent for the synthesis of sterically hindered ortho-substituted arylboronic acids.     

Synthesis of metallocene thioketones

Conclusions Previously unknown cymantrene thioketones (thioacetylcymantrene and thiobenzoylcymantrene) and ferrocene thioketones (thioacetylferrocene and thiobenzoylferrocene) have been synthesized.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 869–872, April, 1979.     

A highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of dysiherbaine

A total synthesis of dysiherbaine, a potent agonist of AMPA-KA type glutamate receptors, has been accomplished in completely stereocontrolled manner starting from tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal in 25 steps and in 3% overall yield.     

Preparation of highly hindered polyenes with tert-butyl groups in internal positions

The conjugated tetraenes 3 and 4 a – c have been prepared and shown to possess an orthogonal structure. This was not only demonstrated by their spectroscopic properties and X‐ray structural analysis of solid representatives (e.g., 4 a – c ) but also by the resolution of these chiral compounds by GC and HPLC chromatography using various chiral selector systems. The chemical behavior of the typical tetraene 4 a has been studied using bromination, hydrogenation, epoxidation, and photo equilibration reactions.     

Regioselective hydrostannation of highly hindered arylalkynes under ortho-directing effects

Palladium-catalyzed hydrostannation reactions of ortho-disubstituted arylalkynes were achieved with total stereo- and regio-selectivity in THF at room temperature. The regioselectivity was found to be under the control of the ortho-substituents (ortho-directing effects, ODE) and pure α-vinylstannanes are produced in good yields and as single isomers regardless of the substituents’ nature. These hydrostannation α-products are precursors of choice for the preparation of stereo-defined triarylolefins.     

Palladium-catalyzed sequential indole synthesis using sterically hindered amines

A palladium catalyst derived from a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand enabled a modular synthesis of indoles bearing sterically hindered N-alkyl or N-aryl substituents through a reaction sequence comprising an intermolecular N-arylation and an intramolecular hydroamination.     

Novel synthesis of sterically hindered N-substituted lactams from imides

An efficient and practical synthesis of sterically hindered N-substituted lactams has been developed starting from simple starting materials. The stereochemistry of the synthetically useful N,N acetal intermediate has been established.