电荷转移引起的光聚合反应

通过电荷转移引发的光聚合反应中涉及电子给体和电子受体形成的激基复合物,这激基复合物进一步产生活性中心,引发聚合。本文重点介绍两类聚合:1、电子给体引发剂引发电子受体单体光聚合,以芳香胺引发丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等烯类单体聚合为代表;2、双组分引发体系经光的电荷转移产生自由基引发聚合,以二苯酮一芳香胺、稠芳烃—芳香胺体系为代表。     

亲电性对醌二甲烷与富电子烯烃的电荷转移聚合

概述了亲电性对醌二甲烷与富电子烯烃电荷转移聚合的最新进展，着重介绍聚合的一般特征、引发机理、链增长机理，以及单体结构、溶剂对聚合反应的影响。     

电荷转移聚合

链引发或链增长过程包含有电荷转移的聚合称电荷转移聚合。通常可分两类:一是电子受体(或给体)直接引发烯类单体聚合。典型例子是电子受体四腈基乙烯(TCNE)引发乙烯基咔唑(给电子单体)聚合,或苯胺(电子给体)引     

电荷转移聚合——酚噻嗪及其衍生物引发丙烯腈光聚合

电荷转移引发的聚合近年来受到人们的广泛注意,许多电子给体,如芳香族的胺、醚、硫醚以及含氮芳杂环化合物,都可引发丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等负性单体光聚合,研究表明,其聚合都是通过电荷转移机制引发的^[1-3]。     

电荷转移聚合研究——苯肼及其衍生物引发丙烯腈聚合

研究了苯肼(PHZ)及其衍生物引发丙烯腈(AN)聚合以及苯肼作为电子给体与醌作为电子受体形成的电荷转移复合物(CTC)对丙烯腈的引发聚合作用。测定了光聚合时的引发剂、单体指数和聚合活化能分别为0.66、2.1和33.4千焦耳/摩尔。光聚合机理认为是PHZ与AN在光照下形成激基复合物(exciplex),它分解产生自由基引发单体聚合。而暗聚合的机理认为是PHZ与醌形成CTC,CTC再分解引发单体聚合。exciplex与CTC分别已由荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱检出。     

香豆素衍生物与碘鎓盐间的光诱导电子转移研究

研究了3种碘鎓盐对3种香豆素荧光的猝灭,发现猝灭曲线符合Stern-Volmer方程,并且猝灭过程受扩散控制.研究证实了猝灭的机理是由于发生了光诱导电子转移.通过香豆素衍生物-碘鎓盐体系能在光照下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体的聚合进一步证实了这种机理.尽管香豆素有较强的分子内电荷转移倾向,但由于碘鎓盐阳离子很强的拉电子能力,它们间还是能发生快速的电子转移.     

N-乙烯咔唑电荷转移聚合反应的研究

N-乙烯咔唑(N-VCz)是较强的电子给体,很易进行电荷转移聚合。因此近几年对它的研究颇多。但用同类化合物作为引发剂作系统研究却报道极少。我们制备了2-硝基芴酮(2-MNF)、2,7-二硝基芴酮(2,7-DNF)、2,4,7-三硝基芴酮(2,4,7-TNF)和2,4,5,7-四硝基芴酮(2,4,5,7-TeNF)作为N-VCz的热诱导电荷转移聚合反应的引发剂,并找出了聚合产率与引发剂的用量、引发剂的电子亲合势和N-VCz-引发剂络合平衡常数之间的关系。     

电荷转移聚合——芳香醚引发丙烯腈光聚合的研究

芳香醚在光照下能引发丙烯腈聚合。醚的苯环上带正性取代基时,引发活性大。带负性取代基时,引发活性小。从激发态的电荷转移机制讨论了引发机理。     

对—N，N—二甲氨基苯乙烯及其聚合物与碳—60的电荷转移现象

电荷转移现象是备受瞩目的一个研究领域，诸如在电荷转移引发聚合、导电与超导材料、磁性材料、非线性光学材料等方面都有诱人的应用前景。目前，将电荷转移复合物进行高分子化从而作为功能材料来使用也是一个研究热点，在这方面，我们已报道过两种侧链含有给电子基团的苯乙烯共聚物与碳笼烯在光诱导下的电荷转移现象^[1]。由于N，N－二甲氨基苯乙烯（DMAS）分子中既含有给电子基团，又有可聚合的双键，因此可以将给电子生色基团直接引入聚合物链中作为高分子电子给体。文献上关于DMAS及其聚合物与电子受体形成电荷转移复合物的研究报道较少。Klopffer和Willicks^[2]通过紫外和近红外吸收光谱研究了DMAS成膜后与TCEN、TCNQ等形成复合物的情况，Iwai^[3]等人将DMAS与带受电子基团的烯类单体共聚，系统地探讨了分子内激基复合物的形成机理。本文通过DMAS及其聚合物的荧光行为研究了它们与小分子受电子体，如含吸电子双键的烯类单体以及近来颇被瞩目的碳－60等，在光诱导下形成电荷转移复合物的能力，并通过氧化－还原电势和荧光寿命的测定揭示了DMAS与共聚合物P（DMAS）荧光行为的区别主要来自于小分子与高分子在溶液中的形态因素。     

N，N－二甲基对甲苯胺引发N－对甲苯基马来酰亚胺光聚合的引发机理

Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基对甲苯胺引发Ｎ－对甲苯基马来酰亚胺光聚合的引发机理叶克强，董建华，丘坤元，冯新德（北京大学化学系，北京，１００８７１）关键词光引发聚合机理，电荷转移复合物，激基复合物，荧光淬灭，Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基对甲苯胺，Ｎ－对甲苯基马来酰亚胺Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲...     

Zur oxidativen spaltung von metall—metall-bindungen in metallorganischen verbindungen mittels ferriceniumkationen

The dinuclear organometallic compounds ((C₅H₅Fe(CO)₂)₂, CO₂(CO)₈ and (C₅H₅NiCO)₂) are oxidized by [(C₅H₅)₂Fe]X (X = BF₄, PF₆) in the presence of neutral ligands L to form the cationic organometallic complexes [C₅H₅Fe(CO)₂L]X, [trans-Co(CO)₃L₂]X and [C₅H₅NiL₂]X in high yield.     

Dimethylchalkogenide als liganden in kationischen cyclopentadienyleisen-bis(phosphin)-komplexen: synthese, reaktivität und kristallstruktur von [C5H5Fe(P(OCH3)3)2(S(CH3)2)]PF6

Thermal displacement of coordinated nitriles RCN (R = CH₃, C₂H₅ or n-C₃H₇) in [C₅H₅Fe(L₂)(NCR)]X complexes (L₂ = P(OCH₃)₃)₂, (P(OC₆H₅)₃)₂ or (C₆H₅)₂PC₂H₄P(C₆H₅)₂ (DPPE)) by E(CH₃)₂ affords high yields of [C₅H₅Fe(L₂)(E(CH₃)₂)]X compounds (E = S, Se and Te; X = BF₄ or PF₆). Spectroscopic data and ligand displacement reactions are presented and discussed together with related observations on [C₅H₅Fe(CO)₂(E(CH₃)₂)]BF₄ compounds. The molecular structure of [C₅H₅Fe(P(OCH₃)₃)₂(S(CH₃)₂)]PF₆ was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study: monoclinic, space group P2₁/n-C⁵_2h (No. 14) with a = 8.4064(12), b = 11.183(2), c = 50.726(8) Å, β = 90.672(13)° and Z = 8 molecules per unit cell. The coordination sphere of the iron atom is pseudo-tetrahedral with an Fe---S bond distance of 2.238 Å.     

Mesogenic behaviour of (4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)bromobenzene, (4-alkoxybenzylideneamino)benzenethiols, and thiolatonickel complexes of the thiols

The synthesis, characterization and mesogenic properties of Schiff base compounds arising from the reaction of 4-alkoxybenzaldehydes with 4-aminothiophenol or 4-bromoaniline are described. Whereas the Schiff base thiol with two benzene rings in the molecule, HSC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃ (2), is non-mesogenic, the bromo analogue, BrC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃ (3), is mesogenic. The introduction of a third benzene ring into the molecular architecture of 2 and 3 produced thiol- and bromo-Schiff base compounds, HSC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC(O)C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃ and BrC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC(O)C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃, respectively, that are both mesogenic. The thiol compounds react with nickelocene to form [(η ⁵-C₅H₅)Ni(μ ₂-SC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃)]₂ and [(η ⁵-C₅H₅)Ni(μ ₂-SC₆H₄NC(H)C₆H₄OC(O)-C₆H₄OC₁₆H₃₃)]₂, but the nickel complexes are not mesogenic.     

Reactions of Lewis bases with tetrakisdiphenylamide uranium(IV)

The coordinatively unsaturated uranium(IV) complex U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄ has been prepared via the stoichiometric reaction of diphenylamine with [(Me₃Si)₂N]₂ H₂. U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄ coordinates Lewis bases such as Et₂O, THF, pyridine or (EtO)₃PO, based on electronic absorption spectroscopy and ¹H NMR studies. Exchange between U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄ and U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄(L), where L is THF or pyridine, is rapid on the NMR time-scale between 307 and 323 K. Measurement of equilibrium constants for L = THF provides ΔH and ΔS values of −60 kJ mol⁻¹ and −1.8 × 10² J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, respectively. U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄ coordinates and binds (EtO)₃PO much more tightly (K_eq = & > 10⁴ M⁻¹) than THF or pyridine with the exchange rate between U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄ and U[N(C₆H₅)₂]₄[OP(OEt)₃] being close to the NMR time-scale.     

新型金属-双二硫杂戊烯(M-BDT)配合物的合成、表征及X射线的指标化

合成了4个新型NiBDT配位化合物,BDT为具有9个S原子的杂戊烯.元素分析、IR谱、UV谱确定这4个新配合物的化学式分别为[(CH₃)₄N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](1),[(C₂H₅)₄N]₂·[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](2),[(C₄H₉)₄N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](3),[(C₆H₅)(CH₃)₃N]₂[Ni(C₅S₉)₂](4).采用Ito法对配合物1的X射线粉末图进行了指标化,确定该晶体属单斜晶系,简单晶格,晶胞参数:a=0.680nm,b=0.714nm,c=2.302nm,γ=111.4°,Z=2.     

Synthesis and characterization of (C5H9C9H6)2Yb(THF)2(II) (1) and [(C5H9C5H4)2Yb(THF)]2O2 (2), and ring-opening polymerization of lactones with 1

Reaction of YbI₂ with two equivalents of cyclopentylindenyl lithium (C₅H₉C₉H₆Li) affords ytterbium(II) substituted indenyl complex (C₅H₉C₉H₆)₂Yb(THF)₂ (1) which shows high activity to ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones. The reaction between YbI₂ and cyclopentylcyclopentadienyl sodium (C₅H₉C₅H₄Na) gives complex [(C₅H₉C₅H₄)₂Yb(THF)]₂O₂ (2) in the presence of a trace amount of O₂, the molecular structure of which comprises two (C₅H₉C₅H₄)₂Yb(THF) bridged by an asymmetric O₂ unit. The O₂ unit and ytterbium atoms define a plane that contains a C_i symmetry center.     

Exchange reactions of distibines

Distibines of the type R₂SbSbR′₂ with R = CH₃, R′ = C₂H₅ (1), R = CH₃, R′= n-C₃H₇ (2), R = CH₃, R′= C₆H₅ (3), R = C₂H₅, R′= C₆H₅ (4), R = n-C₃H₇, R′ = C₆H₅ (5), and R = CH₃, R′ = 2,4,6-(CH₃)₂C₆H₂ (6) are formed in equilibria by exchange reactions of the respective distibines of the type R₄Sb₂ and R′₄Sb₂.     

Hydrothermal Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Thermal Properties of Two New Organically Templated Open-framework Gallium Phosphites

Two new open-framework gallium phosphites formulated as (C₂N₂H₁₀)_0.5Ga₂(OH)(H₂O)(HPO₃)₃(1) and (C₃N₂H₅)₂(C₃N₂H₆)Ga₈(H₂O)₆(HPO₃)₁₄(2) were hydrothermally synthesized in the presence of ethylenediamine(en) and imidazole as structure directing agents(SDA), respectively. Structural analyses reveal that the 3D structures of compounds 1 and 2 are both built up from the linkage of GaO₆, GaO₅(H₂O) and HPO₃^2? units by sharing vertices. The structure of compound 2 is constructed from well-known 4.6.12-net connecting layers in the AAAA stacking sequence, which are penetrated by the 1D Ga-O-P chains to form a 3D pillared-layered structure.     

Degradation Method for Preparing Organo-Arsenic and-Antimony Polytungstates and Comparative Study of Corresponding Polymolybdates

In repeating and extending the syntheses of organo-arsenic polytungstates,we found that the "Degradation Method",taking sodium metatungstate as the starting material,was much more profita-ble.The known compound (CN3H6)5[(C6H5As)2W6O25H]2H2O(1) was read-ily reproduced with a high yield.A new compound (CN3H6)6[(p-OH,m-NO2C6H3As)2W6O25](2) was likewise synthesized.This "Degradation Method" using the reaction of sodium metatungstate with organo-anti-monate led to the isolation of four compounds with definite composition although amorphous in appearance.The preparations of organo-arsenic polymolybdates and organo-antimony polymolybdates were also studied and six new organo-arsenic polymolybdates were isolated: (CN3H6)5[(C6H5As)2MoO25H]H2O(3),(CN3H6)4[(n-C3H7As)2Mo5O21]2H O (4),(CNH)4[(n-C3H7As)2Mo6O24](5),Cs2[(CH3)2AsMo4O15H](6),相似文献   

Stability of the silicon-ruthenium bond in the presence of a strong nucleophile. Phase sensitive H NMR COSY and crystal structure of Ru(CO)2(NH2CH2C6H5)2(Si(C6H5)(CH3)2)I

The ruthenium(II) complex Ru(CO)₂(NH₂(NH₂CH₂C₆H₅)₂(Si(C₆H₅)(CH₃)₂)I has been prepared by the reaction of Ru(CO)₄(Si(C₆H₅)(CH₃)₂)I with benzylamine. Two-dimensional homonuclear ¹H NMR experiments examine the scalar coupling of the enantiotopic amino and methylene protons of the benzylamine ligand. X-ray analysis of Ru(CO)₂(NH₂CH₂C₆H₅)₂(Si(C₆H₅)(CH₃)₂)I·1/3C₅H₁₂ (triclinic; P ; a = 14.266(4), b = 15.748(5), c = 20.082(6) Å; = 94.38(3), β = 96.30(2), γ = 101.52(2)°) indicates three crystallographically unique complexes form a clathrate with a pentane guest.