消费者、政府与双寡头电子废弃物回收商的最优决策

在回收商可以自主选择电子废弃物回收处理的环保程度的基础上,分别研究消费者与回收商、政府与回收商的两个双阶段动态博弈模型,得到了回收商的最优环保处理系数、消费者最优环保意识以及政府的最优补贴,并分析了参数变化对各方最优策略的影响.     

国际环境公约稳定性的重复博弈分析

国际环境公约的有效性包括减排有效性与社会福利有效性两个方面,强调一个有效的国际环境公约在减排的前提下提高社会福利的功能。然而,基于Carraro & Siniscalco 1993和Hoel 1992的同时博弈模型,本文发现全合作是有效的却是不稳定的。将他们的模型拓展为无限期的重复博弈后,发现基于远期收益考虑的情况之下,一个全合作的国际环境公约是可以被子博弈完美均衡所支持的。另外,在证明中,本文也给出了折现因子的下界。     

市场与规制双重不确定下企业环境投资行为选择

通过主体适应性规则构建企业环境投资行为模型,从政府环境规制和市场波动等方面刻画企业环境投资决策面临的不确定性,基于计算实验方法探寻企业在基准、震荡、上涨与下跌等4种情景下的环境投资行为规律。研究发现:政府规制强度越强,企业环境投资越充分,但投资偏差现象越明显。在震荡情景中,企业的环境投资行为表现出非理性状态,在上涨情景中,企业环境投资表现出过度反应。当市场产品价格波动处在单边行情,政府可以通过较为宽松的环境规制实现目标,而当市场产品价格处在震荡波动时,政府需要通过较为严格的环境规制刺激企业进行环境投资。企业的环境投资受到政府规制与市场信号的共同影响,政府的环境规制稳定的持续刺激并不会让企业盲目投资,但政府环境规制的频繁变动却会使企业无所适从。     

企业绿色创新行为的演化博弈分析——基于环保社会组织参与的视角

绿色创新是企业应对政府环境规制的有效方式, 而环保社会组织的参与监督和引导则是对政府环境规制效果的有力补充。本文通过构建企业、环保社会组织和政府三方演化博弈模型, 研究企业绿色创新行为演化过程中三方主体的互动机理。结果表明:增加环保社会组织直接参与监督的比例、环保社会组织对企业提供的绿色创新支持、对企业污染行为的震慑压力等因素均能影响演化结果。最后从政府、环保社会组织和企业自身角度给出推动企业绿色创新的政策建议。     

环境Kuznets曲线研究及应用

本文在对环境 Kuznets曲线文献深入研究基础上 ,对其运行机理进行了数学证明 .论文并建立了中国城市环境 Kuznets曲线     

环境规制、环境研发与绿色技术进步

为鼓励和引导绿色技术发展,驱动预防性技术和处理性技术协同进步,有必要开发环境规制的绿色技术进步导向功能,并探究其传导机理。论文通过建立双寡头同时博弈模型对环境规制、环境研发与绿色技术进步进行关联分析。研究表明:环境研发是环境规制推动绿色技术进步的重要传导路径;环境补贴力度会显著影响环境规制政策组合的技术进步效果;绿色技术进步导向的环境规制的政策组合存在一个普适性较强的应用策略;环境税和环境补贴的规制政策组合能够有效增进社会福利,具体表现为通过污染预防技术和污染处理技术的协同进步带来的产量增加、生产成本减少、污染产生量减少以及污染处理量增加。     

Political aspects of environmental policy

To the economist, many environmental problems are really allocation problems which can be solved by means of market prices that should approximate the shadow prices of environmental restrictions. Why is it so difficult to implement the corresponding institutional arrangements politically?     

Effect of pollution tax on population in a polluted environment

This paper establishes a mathematical model to study the long behavior of a single‐species population living in a polluted environment. In this paper, we suppose that pollution tax is imposed on toxicant emitters if their emission crosses the permissible limit, limit up to which there is no harm to the population. Some sufficient conditions for the persistence of the population are obtained. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The charges approach to the environmental policy in an economy with homogeneous jurisdictions

This paper investigates properties of an environmental policy based on the concept of a Lindahl equilibrium. Such a policy results in a system of effluent charges, if the economy is composed of homogeneous jurisdictions, each inhabited by a continuum of households. The supply of the environmental commodities in the jurisdictions generates spillovers, and consumption of the environmental commodities is subject to congestion. In such an economy, the set of equal treatment Lindahl equilibria coincides with the core, if congestion effects exhibit constant returns to group size locally in each jurisdiction. This is insofar important, since the federal government typically has the possibility to modify spillover effects and congestion effects by appropriate environmental regulations. Thus, there are policy implications which go beyond the recommendation of environmental policy instruments, and which also affect the design of an economically sound system of effluent charges.     

Evaluating efficacy of environmental education programming

The Clark Fork Watershed Education Program (CFWEP) goals are: (a) increasing students’ understanding of the nature of ecological impacts within their watershed as related to historic mining damage; and (b) increasing students’ sense of stewardship of newly restored landscapes. Data from 2012 to 2016 were evaluated for student knowledge gains (46 trials representing 2,395 student pre‐surveys; 2,409 student post‐surveys). Data from 2013 to 2016 were evaluated for students’ attitudes toward science and disposition toward caring for the environment (38 trials representing 1,479 pre‐surveys; 1,460 post‐surveys). The results of this study support that the program’s goals are being achieved. Students achieved statistically significant gains on knowledge surveys with a 33.4% overall gain pre‐ to posttest (p < 0.0001). Students also moved toward greater positive responses in both attitudes toward science and disposition toward caring for the environment with Cohen’s d effect sizes of “medium effect” for caring toward the environment (d = 0.52) and “small effect” of positive disposition toward science (d = 0.24).     

中国农业增长与污染排放的EKC曲线检验:以农药投入为例

农业污染空间分布广、分散排放、难以监测的特点使得农业污染治理与防范成为各国政府亟待解决的课题。本文以农药投入作为农业污染排放的主要指标,采用空间面板模型考察中国农业环境的库茨涅茨(EKC)曲线特征及空间效应。研究发现:中国农业环境库茨涅茨曲线在中国基本得到支持,但不同区域的库茨涅茨曲线转折点和所处阶段各异。中西部的拐点值要高于东部地区,东部地区已经逼近拐点值,有可能是最早步入农业污染排放由升到降阶段的地区。农业环境空间溢出效应明显,由于地区之间的污染倾销和政府间环境政策"邻里仿效"使得我国农业污染排放呈现空间集聚特征。农业环境的空间溢出效应明显,溢出强度随地理距离的增加而衰减,且不同区域农业环境溢出的地理边界存在差异。构建环境友好型农业技术与推广体系,缩小城乡收入差距、提高财政支农效率及加强区域农业环境合作等方面对于改善我国农业环境质量具有重要作用。     

Decision theoretic analysis of pollutant emission monitoring procedures

A decision theoretic problem is considered which arises in the context of monitoring point sources of pollution: The management of an industrial plant may be authorized to release per unit time some amount of pollutants into the environment, for example air or water. An environmental agency may control, i.e. decide with the help of randomly sampled measurements, whether or not the real releases are larger than the permitted ones. The analysis of the problem of determining the best inspection procedure is performed with the help of a non-cooperative two-person game and can be constructed as follows: For a given value of the false alarm probability, only a zero-sum game has to be considered, where the probability of detecting illegal behavior is the payoff to the inspector. The solution of this game, i.e. the best inspection procedure, is then determined by use of the Neyman-Pearson Lemma.     

基于QFDE的可持续产品设计研究

为了提高可持续产品设计的效率,提出以QFDE(Quality Function Deployment for Environment,面向环境的质量功能展开)为依据的可持续产品设计流程,共有五个阶段.第一阶段将顾客需求展开,建立需求与工程特性矩阵;第二阶段建立工程特性与零件矩阵;基于前两个阶段,分析提高产品可持续性存在的矛盾,运用TRIZ(Theory of Inventive problem solving,发明问题解决理论)提出解决方案;第三阶段计算解决方案对于工程特性的提高率;第四阶段计算顾客需求提高率;第五阶段计算产品零件的可持续性.以净水机为例,验证可持续产品设计流程的有效性.     

THE SIZE OF FARSIGHTED STABLE COALITIONS IN A GAME OF POLLUTION ABATEMENT

Abstract The game theoretical analysis of international environmental problems has received increasing attention in recent years. Major issues are as follows. Under which conditions will an international environmental agreement (IEA) be signed? Will the agreement be stable? Game theory has given different answers to these questions; in particular, it is possible to show that if countries are myopic then only small stable coalitions occur, but if they are farsighted then both large and small stable coalitions exist. This paper studies the size of a farsighted stable IEA by considering a quadratic cost function in a pollution abatement model. Following Rubio and Ulph [2006] , we consider both the case of non‐negative emissions as well as the case of unrestricted ones.     

圆形射流和卷流的相似解

应用k-ε湍流模式,并计及浮力对湍动能及其耗散率的影响,建立了圆形卷流的数学模型.在均匀环境条件下,两者均存在相似解.考虑到动量及热通量守恒条件,应用有限分析法给出了速度、温度和湍动能及其耗散率的相似函数.它们同试验资料是相吻合的.     

Nukerical anatomy of lock-release gravity current

Gravity currents created by releasing a fixed fluid into a less dense fluid are simulated numerically by using the renormalization group (RNG) κ- model for Reynolds-stress closure and a two-layer function as near wall treatment. A numerical anatomy of the gravity currents is made to characterize the concentration contour, velocity vector diagram, velocity profile, distribution of turbulent kinetic energy, streamlines and entrainment. Computed velocity structure of the current head explains why the front velocity decreases after the current advances about twelve lock lengths.     

Exploitation of natural resources and pollution

This paper provides some differential game models of natural resource exploitation when environmental pollution takes place. The classical approach to determine optimal harvest rates of renewable resources utilizes Optimal Control models, i.e. there is either a monopolistic market structure or there is pure competition. In case of pollution, however, all agents can be put together, forming the groups of the resource harvesters on one side and of polluters on the other side. So differential games can be used to analyze environmental problems. The models introduced in this paper are put together in order to showdifferent problems that can all be analyzed using differential games.     

Numerical anatomy of lock-release gravity current

IntroductionGravity currents, which are primarily horizonta1 flows and generated by a density differenceof only a few percent, are recognzed by rnore and more scientists fqr its importance in envi-ronmental and industrial flo.s[i]. NIany interesting'fiows such as sea water intrusion, turbiditycurrents. sandstorms, avalanches and pollutant outfalls can be tegarded as gravity currents\:.. ~ l'Lock.release gravity current, the most typical gravit1' current. is considered in this paper, as'a conti…     

与环境相关的非线性投资发展系统解的性质

研究了与环境相关的非线性投资发展系统,该系统为含有非线性和非局部边界条件的分布参数系统.运用泛函分析和积分方程的理论,证明了系统解的性质.其结果可为实际问题的研究提供理论基础.     

Environmental decision‐making using Bayesian networks: creating an environmental report card

Environmental report cards are popular mechanisms for summarising the overall status of an environmental system of interest. This paper describes the development of such a report card in the context of a study for Gladstone Harbour in Queensland, Australia. The harbour is within the World Heritage‐protected Great Barrier Reef and is the location of major industrial development, hence the interest in developing a way of reporting its health in a statistically valid, transparent and sustainable manner. A Bayesian network (BN) approach was used because of its ability to aggregate and integrate different sources of information, provide probabilistic estimates of interest and update these estimates in a natural manner as new information becomes available. BN modelling is an iterative process, and in the context of environmental reporting, this is appealing as model development can be initiated while quantitative knowledge is still under development, and subsequently refined as more knowledge becomes available. Moreover, the BN model helps build the maturity of the quantitative information needed and helps target investment in monitoring and/or process modelling activities to inform the approach taken. The model is able to incorporate spatial and temporal information and may be structured in such a way that new indicators of relevance to the underlying environmental gradient being monitored may replace less informative indicators or be added to the model with minimal effort. The model described here focuses on the environmental component, but has the capacity to also incorporate social, cultural and economic components of the Gladstone Harbour Report Card. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.