Initial organic geochemical investigation on Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian sediments in the Yangtze region, China

Totally 19 samples of typical Upper Proterozoic-Lower Cambrian sedimentary rocks were collected and analyzed for an organic geochemical investigation. Almost all these rocks have high TOCs, super-maturities and similar biomarker distribution. As an exception, however, the Sinian Nantuo Tillite shows much lower TOCs and little phytane and pristane in comparison with those in other strata, which implies a very faint photosynthetic process, and a restricted euphotic zone and quite limited sunlight within the sedimentary water column during the Sinian glaciation age in the western Yangtze region providing an evidence for palaeo-oceanic environment of the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth age.     

内蒙古赵井沟新元古代花岗岩成因：年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素约束

为研究内蒙古中部新元古代的地质作用过程与岩浆演化,在详细的野外调查和岩相学观察的基础上,对华北板块北缘大青山赵井沟地区发现的新元古代花岗岩开展了全岩主微量元素、锆石年代学及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素分析。分析结果显示,该区域新元古代花岗岩具有高硅(72.54%～75.67%)、富碱(8.70%～10.15%),贫Ca及低Fe、Mg的特点,Ga/Al(2.90～3.44)较高,具有明显的负Eu异常,其稀土配分曲线呈"海鸥型"展布,Rb、Th、U、Ta等元素较为富集,Ba、Sr、P和Ti等元素强烈亏损,显示出造山后A型花岗岩的地球化学特征;具有震荡环带结构的岩浆成因锆石的LA-ICP-MS谐和年龄为(765±5.0) Ma,表明该花岗岩为新元古代岩浆结晶演化的产物;样品ε_(Nd)(t)变化于-7.3～-2.7,ε_(Hf)(t)为-15.9～-6.3,与负的ε_(Hf)(t)对应的T_(DM2)(地壳二阶段模式年龄)介于2 045～2 662 Ma,暗示该花岗岩的初始物质源于较为古老的地壳物质,但存在幔源混入,这可能是伸展构造背景下地幔岩浆上涌所致。综合区域研究成果及地球化学特征,内蒙古赵井沟新元古代A型花岗岩的形成主要与华北板块北缘古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融有关,是对Rodinia超大陆裂解的岩浆响应。     

C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang

C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area.     

胶东大庄子金矿微量元素及Pb-S同位素地球化学研究

报道了大庄子金矿Pb、S同位素 ,稀土和微量元素等地球化学特征 ,并讨论了其地质意义 .大庄子金矿Pb同位素组成与胶东群和荆山群相似 ,而S同位素组成 (δ34Scdt=1 1 .9‰±0 .4‰ )与荆山群更为相近 ,Pb、S同位素组成与胶东主要金矿基本一致 ,研究显示其成矿物质可能主要来源于胶东群和荆山群 .对蚀变岩和较新鲜原岩的稀土 (REE)和微量元素含量研究发现 ,钾化蚀变过程中两者都从流体中带入围岩 ;而绢英岩化蚀变过程中 ,REE从围岩中带出 ,微量元素既有带入也有带出 ;Cu、Pb、Zn等主要金属元素在两蚀变过程中主要是带入 .围岩及黄铁矿的稀土元素分配曲线特征 ,揭示了成矿物质的沉淀明显受微观环境的制约 ,浸染状黄铁矿的沉淀伴随着成矿流体与围岩之间的蚀变作用而发生 ,此时水 /岩反应进程导致的成矿流体PH值和Eh值等因素的变化 ,可能是成矿物质沉淀的主导因素 ;而脉状黄铁矿则直接从成矿流体中沉淀而出 ,围岩的影响不明显 ,成矿流体演化过程中温度、压力的变化 ,可能是成矿物质沉淀的主导因素     

贵州瓮安新元古代陡山沱组磷块岩中的有机化合物

对保存有多细胞藻类原植体、细菌和疑原类化石的贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩所作的地球化学分析表明,磷块岩有机质演化程度较高,最高热解温度t_max达597℃。岩石抽提物中以非烃化合物和沥青质为主要成分,烃类含量不足20%。色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析图谱显示正烷烃的碳数范围很宽,有显著的高碳数正烷烃峰群(C₁₉—C₃₁),奇偶优势明显,烃类有机组分中除正烷烃外还包含有萜烷、甾烷、芳香烃和类异戊二烯烃等。其中生物标记化合物及其组成特征指示了有机物的主要来源是当时生存的真核的多细胞藻类、细菌和古细菌,这与所观察到的磷块岩中保存的古生物化石组成相吻合。某些特征有机物和生物标记物还指示了磷块岩沉积环境特征：强还原性、高盐度、低陆源输入以及与水热活动相关的局部高温。这与沉积学和岩石学的观察相符。     

云南兰坪-思茅盆地大平掌铜多金属矿床同位素地球化学与成矿年代学

大平掌铜多金属矿床是近年来在兰坪 -思茅盆地新发现的一个重要矿床 .该矿床产出于火山岩中 ,其构造背景及矿床地质特征均比较复杂 ,整个矿床由上部层状或透镜状的块状硫化物矿体和下部脉状及浸染状的矿体组成 .该矿床脉状矿体中石英流体包裹体Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 ( 1 1 8± 1 2 )Ma ,初始锶同位素组成为 ( 0 .70 80 0 7± 0 .0 0 0 0 3 7) ;流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体具有中低盐度 ( 2 .0～ 8.0wt %NaCl)和中低温度 ( 90～ 2 0 0℃ ) ;矿床中主要硫化物矿物的δ34S值在 - 0 .9‰～ 3 .5‰之间 ,集中在零值附近 .结合对以往的氢 -氧同位素和铅同位素研究结果的综合分析可以看出 ,大平掌矿床与区域内的脉状铜矿具有相似的地球化学特征 .因此认为大平掌铜多金属矿床为形成于燕山期的热液矿床 ,而不是前人认为的海底喷流沉积形成的块状硫化物矿床     

Methane seeps, methane hydrate destabilization, and the late Neoproterozoic postglacial cap carbonates

Natural gas (methane) hydrates, the crystalline solids composed mainly of methane and water, are present in marine sediments of the continental margins and polar permafrost under a delicate balance of temperature (< 7℃) and hydrostatic pressure (> 50×10…     

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of phosphorite and dolomite and palaeo-ocean temperature estimation: A case study from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou Province,South China

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an in Guizhou Province of South China consists of phosphorites and dolomites.Three types of samples are recongnized for the phosphate-bearing rocks.In Type I samples, interstitial phosphates occur within the dolomite rocks, whereas in Type III samples, interstitial dolomites occur within the phosphorites; both of them may have diagenetic origin.The Type II samples are interbedded phosphorites and dolomites.Oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate and coeval carbonate were analyzed.Phosphates of Type I and II samples show similar low δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 10.9‰～12.1‰ and 10.7‰～12.8‰, respectively, whereas Type III phosphates show higher δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 13.2‰～15.0‰.Dolomites from Type I and II samples have δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -6.2‰～-3.4‰ and -2.2‰～-0.7‰, respectively, whereas interstitial dolomites from Type III samples show lower δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -12.9‰～-8.6‰ and -4.4‰～-2.6‰.Petrology and oxygen isotope data suggest that diagenetic alteration may have partially affected the studied rocks, but the dolomites from Type I and phosphates from Type III samples represent the most pristine isotopic compositions of primary carbonates and phosphates precipitated from seawater.Calculations of palaeocean temperatures from the most 18O enriched dolomite and phosphate indicate a temperature range of 32.2 ℃ to 34.0 ℃ for the seawater of the Doushantuo Formation period.Ce anomaly also suggests more oxic conditions and possibly shallower water depth in the upper strata of the Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an, Guizhou Province.     

Petrogenesis of Paleoproterozoic Luyashan charnockitic rocks in Shanxi Province: Constraints from Geochemistry and Nd isotope

Luyashan charnockite pluton mainly consists of monzonite, adamellite, charnockite and syenogranite, which are characterized by the enrichment of TiO2, P2O5, K2O, Zr, Nb, Y, Pb, La, Ce, Ba and a higher K2O/Na2O and depletion of MgO, CaO, Mg#, Th, U and lower Sr/Ba and Rb/Ba. The negative correlations between Zr, Nb, Ce and SiO2 are distinct from I-type granites. Iso-topically Luyashan charnockite plutons are relatively uniform in Nd isotope, displaying initial εNd(t) (-5.93 to -6.97) and Nd depleted mantle model ages (2.67 Ga to 2.78Ga). These features indicate that Luyashan charnockitic magma derived from pre-existing late Archean crustal sources and the partial melting of mafic granulites probably under exceptionally high temperature with CO2-rich fluid. The garnet is a main residual phase during the partial melting. The original dry charnockitic magma experienced crystal fractionation of pyroxene, plagioclase, apatite and ilmenite during early crystallization. The geochemical evidence suggests that the Luyashan charnockitic magma was probably generated in the post-collision thermal relaxation and uplift tectonic setting after the main collision ( - 1850 Ma) between the Eastern and Western continental blocks.     

地球化学异常下限的含量-面积分形计算方法——以江西永平地区为例

地球化学元素的异常下限值确定是地球化学中重要的问题之一,传统的方法只考虑了数据的随机性,对自相似性和不规则性数据则有所欠缺.采用含量-面积法来确定地球化学元素的异常下限,其结果和传统计算方法对比表明,该方法具有更好的理论基础和实用性,能有效的提高地球化学异常的识别精度.     

天水上泥盆统变砂岩地球化学特征及构造环境

目的探讨天水地区上泥盆统大草滩群变砂岩形成的构造环境。方法利用砂岩常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学分析,结合区域地质研究。结果天水地区上泥盆统大草滩群主要为变砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质岩石,其中的变砂岩地球化学具有相对低SiO2,Na2O,高TiO2,MgO,Fe2O3,A l2O3的特征;富集Nb,Co,La,Ce,Nd,亏损Sc,Th,Hf以及La/Th,La/Sc,Th/Sc,Ti/Zr,Zr/Hf等特征参数与大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘构造环境沉积物相似。结论天水地区上泥盆统大草滩群中的变砂岩碎屑来源于活动大陆边缘。     

Characteristics of the island-arc pillow lavas from southeast Yunnan Province, and its tectonic implications for Paleo-Tethys in South China

Based on the geological mapping, it is suggested that the pillow lavas exposed in Jianshui area in southeastern Yunnan Province are emplaced into the western part of Shizong-Mile faults, the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks, and mainly composed of tectonic massive of basalts and basaltic andsites. The geological and geochemical studies show that these lavas erupted in an island arc tectonic setting, which suggests that there existed the subduction of oceanic crust between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks. The paleontological fossils in the sedimentary interlayers between the volcanic rocks indicate that these pillow lavas erupted during Carboniferous-Permian. The geologic and geochemical evidence suggested that there existed an eastern branch of Paleo-Tethys between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks in southeastern Yunnan, South China.     

湖南宁乡钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石重砂锆石地球化学特征、U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

 对湖南宁乡等地多个含有金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石的重砂矿物进行了分离,利用电子探针、阴极发光图像及LA-ICPMS等对其中的锆石进行了主微量元素成分、内部结构及U-Pb同位素年龄的分析。结果表明,不同地点钾镁煌斑岩重砂锆石的地球化学特征具有一定相似性;与钾镁煌斑岩有关锆石的U-Pb年龄显示研究区的岩浆活动具有多期次的特点,其中宁乡Ⅰ号及Ⅲ号岩管钾镁煌斑岩4颗重砂锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(101.6 ± 5.1)Ma,显示出较为年轻的特点,但石门上五通地区白垩系红层中也发现具有²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb 谐和年龄为(2 008±29)Ma古老岩浆结晶锆石的存在,证实该地和金刚石有关火山物质的来源具有复杂性。     

鄂尔多斯地台南部边缘环形构造的GPS证据及深部地球动力学解释

通过鄂尔多斯地台及邻近地区1992年以来的GPS观测资料,对2003年和2004年中巴资源卫星所确定的鄂尔多斯地台南部边缘环形影像区域的形成进行了地球表面沉积盖层及地壳运动学分析,并通过前人针对鄂尔多斯地块及其相邻地块的研究,尤其是针对华北克拉通内部的地球物理学研究,做出了环形影像所覆盖的构造区域形成的深部地球动力学解释。研究表明,处于稳定克拉通构造中的鄂尔多斯地台,仍然具有相当的活跃性。这种符合辩证思维的"稳定中的活跃"所形成的根本原因,在于深部圈层的耦合关系,以及周边板块及其圈层构造的联合制约。     

湖南花垣中寒武世晚期开腔骨类化石

记述了湖南花垣县排碧剖面寒武系花桥组上部灰岩中的开腔骨类化石。40余块形态多样的化石标本,包括具6-7+1型的Chancelloria altaica;4＋0型Archiasterella sp.;和3＋0型Allonnia sp.;以及形态奇特的开腔骨针Chancelloria sp.,与三叶虫、牙形石、腕足动物、软舌螺类等共生,时代属中寒武世晚期。与其他研究比较证明,这是迄今我国中寒武世晚期开腔骨类最高产出层位,也是世界上少数几个开腔骨类较高的产出层位之一。通过对开腔骨类骨片构造、保存环境及其地史地理分布的分析,认为开腔骨类是一类与海绵类有密切关系、已绝灭的后生动物,是一类生活于浅海环境的底栖固着型生物。     

华南地区湖南省芙蓉统(上寒武统)的古蠕虫骨片:个体生长对表皮骨片形态的影响

报道最近发现的华南地区湖南省芙蓉统(上寒武统)三维保存的古蠕虫骨片碎片。描述两个新的形态属和两个新的形态种: Hunanoscolex campus 新属新种和Ornatoscolex hunanensis新属新种。大部分标本属于幼体阶段。Hunanoscolex campus体节宽度的巨大差异显示其处于生长发育阶段, 因此可以对个体生长对表皮骨片形态的影响进行研究。虫体生长主要依靠增加单个体节中骨片的数量。位于同一排中的大骨板排列变得疏松。新增加的小骨板和微骨板大小和纹饰基本不变, 但大骨板的纹饰可能存在变化。这些观察结果有助于更好地理解古蠕虫骨片的种内差异, 从而可能提高形态种属分类的准确性。     

陕西山阳盆地白垩系—第三系界限地层地球化学特征及古气候意义

通过对陕西山阳盆地上白垩统-古新统界限地层——山阳组和鹃岭组地层学、元素地球化学及地层中化石特征的研究表明：山阳盆地的上白垩统和古新统构成完整的沉积旋回;古气候以干热为主,且在晚白垩世晚期干热程度尤为严重,这种干热的气候很可能对恐龙在白垩纪末的绝灭起到了推波助澜的作用。     

Discovery of the budding phosphatized globular fossils from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng’an, Guizhou Province, China

There is much debate on biological affinities of the phosphatized globular fossils from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites at Weng’an, Guizhou Province. Here we report for the first time the budding structures of some of these globular fossils, which have previously been interpreted as the resting eggs and early cleavage embryos of metazoans. The budding structures are similar to the germinating tubes of the spore and zygote of living algae, suggesting that some globular fossils from the Doushantuo phosphorites bear affinity with algae. The present new information indicated various biological affinity of the phosphatized globular fossils from the Doushantuo phosphorites.