青藏高原可可西里及芒康岩区新生代火山岩中的长石及石榴子石巨晶

用Ｘ衍射分析、探针分析等方法，对可可西里和芒康岩区透长石和石榴子巨晶进行了研究。结果表明，可可西里粗安岩及芒康粗面英安岩中透长石巨晶内部光性均一，无环带和双晶，Ｘ光束见出溶条纹，矿物边部及核部成分变化很小，属高温极低有序度结构状态的钾透长石类型；石榴子石巨晶以Ａｌｍ和Ｐｙｒ为主要的二种端元组分，其结晶深度大约相当于中地壳。     

Garnet granulite facies xenoliths from Yingfengling Cenozoic basalt in Leizhou, Guangdong Province

The granulite xenoliths are first found in Yingfengling pyroclastic rocks of Leizhou region, Guangdong Province. Of them high_pressure garnet granulite xenolith found is very sparse in China. Garnet granulite is different from pyroxene granulite in mineral assemblage and composition. \%P_T\% calculation shows that garnet granulite was formed at 1 130-1 160℃and 1.4-1.7 GPa, and pyriclasite at about 800℃and 0.65-0.80 GPa. High xenolith_derived paleogeotherm indicates Cenozoic rifting in Leizhou area. Granulites with varied mineral assemblages were formed at different depths by the metamorphism of the underplated basaltic melt.     

K-Ar age of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Nangqen Basin, Qinghai Province and its geological significance

The Nangqen Basin is one of the typical shearing-extensional basins situated in the north part of the Hengduan Mts. Nine ages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the basin by K-Ar isotope-dilution technique have been reported in the note. The apparent ages of whole rock and separated biotite range from 32.04 to 36.50 Ma. The₄₀Ar-K (%) correlation isochronal line shows that there existed neither argon excessing, nor radiogenetic argon loosing, i.e. the age represents the true diagenetic time. Volcanic activity in this area occurred in the post-collision environment and is controlled by lithosphere substantial thickening and violent intercontinental shearing-strike slip faults. There is age difference of the magmatic activity in the east, the west and the north Tibet. The multi-periodic eruption-intrusion of the magmatic melt since Cenozoic is a tracer showing the pulsating uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

Discovery of mantle and lower crust xenoliths from early Cretaceous volcanic rocks of southwestern Tianshan, Xinjiang

In Tuoyun area of southwestern Tianshan, mantle and lower crust xenoliths are present in the volcanic rocks with ages of 101–123 Ma. Mantle xenoliths include mineral megacrysts such as kaersutite and pargasite, feldspar, biotite, and rare pyroxene and rock fragments such as perodotite, pyroxenite, amphibolite, and rare glimmerite. Lower crust xeno-liths are mainly banded and massive granulite. The volcanic rocks were produced by within-plate magmatism. Occurrence of hydrous and volatile mineral megacrysts, amphibolite, and some pyroxenite containing hydrous and volatile minerals indicates that mantle metasomatism was intense. Undoubtedly, this discovery is very important to understanding of the crust-mantle structure and geodynamic background in depth in southwestern Tianshan and geological correlation with adjacent regions.     

西藏措勤—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学特征

青藏高原拉萨地块是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的重要地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆岩记录了新生代以来印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的全过程以及拉萨地块在碰撞-后碰撞之后的岩浆作用类型.基于对措勘—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素资料的分析,表明火山岩中以明显富碱和高钾为特征;Sr同位素呈递增而Nd同位素呈递...     

藏北火车头山新生代火山岩的岩石特征与时代

火车头山地区的新生代火山岩位于藏北火山岩带的中段,火山岩主要以熔岩被、平顶山、火山锥的形式产出,熔岩厚约20 ～300 m.对其矿物组合、矿物化学和岩石化学的研究表明,为一套强碱性的碱玄岩-响岩组合.根据火山岩的接触关系、K-Ar和40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定结果,可分为三期.第Ⅰ期(年龄为34～32 Ma)火山喷发较弱,形成小范围分布的白榴碧玄岩;第Ⅱ期(年龄为29～26 Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈,形成大面积厚层白榴石响岩、响岩质碱玄岩和粗斑状霞石响岩;第Ⅲ期(年龄为24～19 Ma)火山喷发较弱,岩性为白榴碱玄岩和白榴碱玄质响岩.     

Patterns of platinum-group elements in mantle peridotite, granulite xenoliths and basalt in Hannuoba

Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite), and positive slope (for basic granulite and basalt). In addition, strong Ir negative anomaly occurs in basalt and granulite xenolith, and little negative anomaly also exists in Iherzolite xenolith in Hannuoba.     

Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions (Mg#=90.4-91.0) to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts (Mg#=85.5-81.9). The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1%. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

辽河盆地新生界火山喷发旋回和期次及其油气地质意义

基于300口钻遇火山岩层系的岩心及岩屑薄片、测井和地震等资料,依据火山地层学方法及地震火山地层学理论,通过火山地层界面识别,研究辽河盆地新生界火山喷发旋回和期次,对各个喷发旋回、期次火山地层进行平面成图,揭示火山活动时空规律;进一步结合火山地层分布与油气的关系,探究火山喷发旋回、期次的油气地质意义。结果表明:辽河盆地新生界火山岩系可划分为4旋回15期;底部旋回一和顶部旋回四为玄武岩,显示火山喷发以基性岩开始,又以基性岩结束;中部的旋回二和三均为玄武岩→粗面岩→玄武岩的岩性序列,构成本区火山地层的主体。火山岩受北东向主干断裂控制,最大厚度位于断裂带附近;早期(期次1至期次2)全区分布,末期(期次15)分布局限;中期(期次3至期次14)表现为喷发中心由北向南依次迁移特征。该结果提高了火山岩序列的纵向刻画精度,厘清了有利火山岩层系的空间分布,有助于寻找火山岩勘探新层系。以往辽河盆地火山岩勘探主要集中于沙三段中亚段粗面岩(期次5),本次研究发现与粗面岩相邻的期次4、期次6、期次7玄武岩亦展现出良好的油气勘探前景,为下一步勘探指明了方向。     

^40Ar-^39Ar geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizong volcanic rocks from Linzhou Basin, Tibet, China, and their geological implications

Whole-rock and mineral separate Ar-Ar dating was carried out for the Linzizong volcanic rocks at Linzhou Basin in Tibet to constrain the time span of volcanism and the corresponding stratigraphic sequence. Sampling was based on detailed geologic mapping and stratigraphic sequence of Dianzhong, Nianbo, Pana Formations, systematically from the bottom to near the top. The results indicate that the Linzizong volcanic rocks erupted from Paleocene to middle of Eocene (64.43--43.93 Ma). Among them, the Pana Formation formed from ca. 48.73 to 43.9 Ma, the Nianbo Formation around 54 Ma and the Dianzhong Formation from 64.4 to 60.6 Ma. In combination with evidence from the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks, and from stratigraphy in southern Tibet, it is postulated that the age of the lowest member in the Dianzhong Formation of the Linzizong volcanic rock, which overlies unconformably the Late Cretaceous Shexing Formation, likely corresponds to the inception of the collision between Indian and Asian continents in southern Tibet.     

青藏北羌塘新第三纪玄武岩单斜辉石地球化学

目的通过玄武岩中单斜辉石成分及微量元素地球化学的研究,探讨岩浆源区性质及其大陆动力学意义。方法利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀技术,分析了北羌塘半岛湖新第三纪粗面玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶的常量、微量及稀土元素特征。结果单斜辉石主要为透辉石和顽透辉石种属,是玄武岩浆上升过程中逐步结晶的产物;矿物中富集Rb,Sr,Ba,Zr,Hf,Nb和Th,U,Pb,并存在Sc,Ti,V等铁族元素的低度富集,稀土元素总量平均857×10-6,轻重稀土分异显著,轻稀土强烈富集,无明显铕异常。结论单斜辉石是玄武质岩石中痕量及稀土元素的重要赋存矿物相。     

诺敏火山群钾质火山岩特征与成因

为了进一步研究诺敏火山群钾质火山岩的特征及其形成的古构造环境,对该区钾质火山岩样品,做了硅酸盐、同位素与微量元素分析。数据分析结果表明,诺敏火山群钾质火山岩主要岩性为橄榄玄武岩、白榴玄武岩、玄武质浮岩。钾质火山岩是由于地幔物质上涌,底侵于陆壳的底部,造成下地壳少量物质与地幔物质发生混溶作用,以及钾质交代作用而形成的,是大陆板块内部裂谷期岩石圈伸展作用的产物。该套火山岩成因与许多重要的浅成低温热液金矿床及斑岩型铜（金）矿床具有密切联系。该研究对恢复古构造环境,了解地幔组成具有重要意义。     

Paleoproterozoic lower crust beneath Nushan in Anhui Province： Evidence from zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating on granulite xenoliths in Cenozoic alkali basalt

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating was carried out for an intermediate granulite xenolith in Cenozoic alkali basalt from Nushan. The results suggest that the lower crust beneath Nushan may have formed at about 2400—2200 Ma, and have been subjected to granulite-facies metamorphism at 1915 27 Ma. The old age of the Nushan lower crust is consistent with the geochemical similarities between Nushan granulite xenoliths and Archean-Paleoproterozoic granulite terrains in the North China craton, but it is not distinguishable from high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Yangtze craton where such old ages were also reported. Significant Pb-loss occurs in the Nushan zircons, implying important influence of widespread Mesozoic to Cenozoic underplating in East China on the lower crust beneath Nushan.     

冈底斯西段第四纪钾质火山岩的发现及赛利普组的建立

冈底斯西段赛利普一带分布有大面积的钾质火山岩,以前曾被划归上新世-早更新世赛利普群.作者对这套火山岩地层进行了详细野外调查并重新测制了火山岩地层剖面,在该套火山岩下伏及层间湖相碎屑沉积层中获得ESR年龄0.268 Ma与0.349 Ma.岩石学、岩石化学研究表明,这套火山岩是以安粗质熔岩为主的钾玄岩系列-钾质碱性玄武岩系列火山岩,岩石类型及岩石组合稳定,岩层产状平缓,岩石新鲜,层位相对清楚,故将其命名为赛利普组,属第四纪早-中更新世.这一发现对研究冈底斯构造带新生代以来岩浆活动、构造演化,进而探讨青藏高原隆升机制有着重要的地质意义.     

诺尔特断陷火山盆地石炭纪火山岩成因及火山作用机理

新疆阿尔泰诺尔特地区石炭纪火山岩属钙碱性系列 ,主要是酸性陆相火山岩 ,火山作用中爆发、喷溢、侵出 3种喷发形式均存在 ,产生了爆发 -喷溢相、降落相、侵出相及火山喷发沉积相等火山岩相 ,火山活动受断裂控制 ,呈喷发裂隙 -中心式 ,是构造演化过程中汇聚阶段向新陆壳阶段过渡时期火山作用的产物。火山岩岩浆起源于成熟度较高的中地壳位置 ,成岩物质来源于地壳 ,为部分熔融作用的产物     

Paleomagnetic result of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Tuoyun Basin, southwest Tien Shan of China and its tectonic implications

In the present decades, lots of Mesozoic and Ceno-zoic paleomagnetic data have been obtained from westernChina and adjacent areas[1—19], however, these results are still not enough to reconstruct a postcollisional kinematic model for each block of the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. As a result, it is very difficult to paleomagnetically depict the postcollisional interaction within blocks of Ti- bet and Central Asia in detail. On the other hand, shal- lower inclinations have been repeat…     

青藏高原改则火山岩地球化学特征

对分布于西藏改则地区班公湖-怒江缝合带的早白垩世去申拉组火山岩进行了岩石学、地球化学及大地构造研究。该区火山岩为一套低-中钾的中-基性钙碱性岩石,其中玄武岩原始岩浆来源于不均一地幔,安山岩岩浆由玄武岩岩浆结晶分异形成,岩浆在上升过程中未发生地壳混染作用;该区火山岩形成于早白垩世大陆板内裂谷构造背景下。     

Discovery of granulite from the Fuping area in southern Qinling Mountains and its geological significance

Two-pyroxene-bearing granulites were discovered for the first time in the Hercynian-Indosinian metamorphic belt of the southern Qinling Mountains. The granulites occur in the lower part of the Fuping complex and are dominated by intermediate-acidic rocks intercalated with a small amount of bands and lenses of basic granulites. The main metamorphic minerals include orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase and quartz, and orthopyroxenes are often retrogressively transformed into amphiboles. The metamorphic conditions have been estimated to be %T%=720-780℃ and %P%=0.6 GPa. The granulite-bearing Fuping complex probably belongs to early Proterozoic in age. Whether it occurs as the crystalline basement of the southern Qinling Hercynian-Indosinian orogenic belt or as a thrusted slice in the collisional process needs further study.     

Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

~~Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau~~~~