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1.
温度对螺栓紧固应力超声测量的影响研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文从理论和实验两方面研究了温度对螺栓紧固应力超声测量的影响。推导了考虑温度影响时,测量螺栓轴力的应力—声关系.同时,通过实验测定了纵、横波在螺栓中的传播时间与温度的关系,获得了温度修正曲线,其结果与理论分析相吻合.  相似文献   

2.
初应力对压电层状结构声表面波传播性能的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
刘华  王铁军  王子昆 《力学学报》2000,32(4):491-496
研究了压电层状结构中初应力对广义Rayleigh波传播相速度和机电耦合性能的影响,通过求解含初应力的运动微分方程,对自由界面电学开路和短路两种情况得到了相应的相速度方程。给出了具体的数值算例,所得结果对于提高和改善声表面波器件性能有参考意义。  相似文献   

3.
声弹性应力测量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文简要评述了声弹性应力测量方法的理论、实验技术和应用等方面的发展概况。平面声弹性技术已取得进展。声弹性用于三维应力和残余应力测量仍有不少困难。  相似文献   

4.
魏勤  卫婷  宋广三 《实验力学》2011,26(2):176-180
实验研究了利用超声瑞利波传播特性测试材料表面应力的方法.在测试过程中采用回振法测声速,以分辨应力作用引起声速的徽小变化;并设计夹具实现探头与试样之间的稳定耦合和弹性接触,精简了实验机构,提高了实验精度.研究结果表明,在应力作用下,平行和垂直于应力方向传播的瑞利波发生了相应的变化:应力较小时,声速随应力变化较快;随着应力...  相似文献   

5.
超声反射纵波法检测钢轨应力的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
钢轨的应力状况直接影响列车运行的安全,因此对钢轨应力的研究特别重要.用超声波测量应力的方法由于其对被测材料无损的特性而受到广泛关注.文章重点叙述了利用反射纵波法(the reflected longitudinal waves)来检测钢轨应力的实验方法.该方法如果用于实际测量,可以提高钢轨检测的工作效率,大大节约在铁路维护上的开支,提高铁路运输的安全系数,加速实现人民铁路的高效运营.文中详细介绍了整套实验测量系统、所用的探头、探头放置的位置、信号耦合与放大电路图以及实验测量结果,并根据实验测量结果进行分析.结果显示应力变化引起的钢材料特性变化导致了声传播速率的变化,且应力变化与声传播速率的变化呈线性关系.该结果证明了超声波测量钢轨应力的可行性.  相似文献   

6.
弱正交异性材料残余应力测量的声弹性方法   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为了适应工程材料的残余应力无损测量的要求,本文将横波和纵波声弹性相结合,建立适用於弱正交异性材料的平面声弹性残余应力测量方法,并应用该方法及自行研制的横波换能器对焊接试件的二维残余应力进行了测试。  相似文献   

7.
基于弹性状态下力对材料声折射率及试件厚度的影响,推导了含裂纹的试件受力前后,超声纵波经其前后表面反射及透射时声程的变化,得到了应力强度因子与声程差的关系,为通过声程差的变化确定裂尖应力强度因子打下了基础。  相似文献   

8.
金属材料疲劳行为的应力场强法描述   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
基于近年来发展的应力场地对金属材料的多种疲劳行为作了系统的描述,给出了缺口疲劳系Kf,疲劳尺寸系数ε,疲劳加载方式因子CL,多轴疲劳极限方程,缺口件S-N曲线的预测等多方面的定量描述,并引用了大量的实验数据加以验证,由此表明应场强法是一种很好的抗疲劳设计方法。  相似文献   

9.
膜片弹簧应力分布的实验和有限元分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
本文用光弹性贴片法和非线性有限元法对膜片弹簧在小端加载时,弹簧上表面全场应力分布作了研究.实验结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好,并且得到膜片弹簧在危险工况下,其最大应力发生在凹槽边缘中部,否定了目前通用的传统理论所确定的最大应力发生在分离指根部中点的结论  相似文献   

10.
传统的四磁极磁测应力传感器不仅存在结构对称性差异,而且其难以保障检测输出信号零点值为零.引入标准补偿试件平衡待测试件的工况误差,实现环境变量的自动补偿;采取检测线圈同相串联接法,以线圈连接中间接点与电位器滑动点间的电压信号作输出,使零点值可调.实验结果表明,该方法实现了对电路零点值的准确调节,而且传感器的输出特性与理论推导结果呈线性吻合.因此,该传感器可以实现铁磁材料单向应力测试.  相似文献   

11.
    
Based on the finite deformation theory of the continuum and poroelastic theory, the aeoustoelastic theory for fluid-saturated porous media (FSPM) in natural and initial coordi- nates is developed to investigate the influence of effective stresses and fluid pore pressure on wave velocities. Firstly, the assumption of a small dynamic motion superimposed on a largely static pre- deformation of the FSPM yields natural, initial, and final configurations, whose displacements, strains, and stresses of the solid-skeleton and the fluid in an FSPM particle could be described in natural and initial coordinates, respectively. Secondly, the subtraction of initial-state equations of equilibrium from the final-state equations of motion and the introduction of non-linear constitu- rive relations of the FSPM lead to equations of motion for the small dynamic motion. Thirdly, the consideration of homogeneous pre-deformation and the plane harmonic form of the small dynamic motion gives an acoustoelastic equation, which provides analytical formulations for the relation of the fast longitudinal wave, the fast shear wave, the slow shear wave, and the slow longitudinal wave with solid-skeleton stresses and fluid pore-pressure. Lastly, an isotropic FSPM under the close-pore jacketed condition, open-pore jacketed condition, traditional unjacketed condition, and triaxial condition is taken as an example to discuss the velocities of the fast and slow shear waves propagating along the direction of one of the initial principal solid-skeleton strains. The detailed discussion shows that the wave velocities of the FSPM are usually influenced by the effective stresses and the fluid pore pressure. The fluid pore-pressure has little effect on the wave velocities of the FSPM only when the components of the applied initial principal solid-skeleton stresses or strains are equal, which is consistent with the previous experimental results.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustoelastic method for residual stress measurement in slightly orthotropic materials by using ultrasonic longitudinal and shear waves is presented. A shear transducer with small vibrator 2 × 2mm2 is developed and described, and the measurement of 2-D residual stresses in a seam welded plate was carried out by this method with the shear transducer developed.This project was supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China  相似文献   

13.
杨仁树  赵勇  赵杰  左进京  葛丰源  陈程  丁晨曦 《爆炸与冲击》2022,42(12):123201-1-123201-16

采用氯仿粘结聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate, PC)板和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA)板模拟含异质界面模型;在PC介质中布置柱状炮孔并与界面呈一定角度,根据炮孔端部与界面相对位置,分别于柱状炮孔两个端部设置起爆点,起爆点远离界面端部时定义为孔口起爆,靠近界面端部时定义为孔底起爆;借助数字图像相关实验系统,研究爆炸应力波通过异质界面后PMMA介质应变场演化过程及炮孔底部区域拉、压应变变化规律。实验结果表明,异质界面改变了爆炸应力波过界面后的传播形态。孔口起爆时,异质界面受爆破荷载作用后易形成应力集中区,界面处产生开裂,横向拉伸波作用是造成异质界面开裂的主要原因。起爆方式对过界面后介质PMMA的横/纵向拉、压应变场作用贡献不同,主要体现在应变场强度、拉/压应变场位置分布2个方面。在炮孔底部区域,起爆方式对应变场时程特性的影响主要体现在作用时效长短和应变强度2个方面。孔口起爆时,横/纵向应变体现出短时效、高强度的变化特征。就应变强度而言,起爆方式对横向压应变的影响显著强于其对纵向拉应变的影响。对空间分布特性影响主要体现在衰减程度,起爆方式对纵向应变衰减程度影响较大。无论采用何种起爆方式,爆炸应变场在PC介质中衰减速度较快,进入PMMA介质后衰减速度显著降低。

  相似文献   

14.
A non-contact measuring technique of ultrasonic waves velocity is proposed, in which Rayleigh waves are detected by a laser Doppler velocimeter and the velocity is measured precisely by means of a sing-around unit and a digital oscilloscope. With the proposed technique, the acoustoelastic coefficient of Rayleigh waves in mild steel SS41 is obtained, which is in good agreement with that obtained by the contact method. Furthermore the non-contact technique is applied to evaluate the residual stress in a butt-welded steel plate, the result is reasonable.  相似文献   

15.
声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
廖财楚  吴克成 《实验力学》1997,12(3):364-369
本文提出一个利用非线性参数研究材料损伤的声弹性方法.在该方法中定义了一个由二阶和三阶弹性常数所组合的损伤变量.以20#钢为例,采用横波声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤.同时用声速法作了损伤测量.对比两种方法的实验结果表明,新方法是对金属材料塑性损伤测量的有效技术.  相似文献   

16.
固体声弹性理论、实验技术及应用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
田家勇  胡莲莲 《力学进展》2010,40(6):652-662
固体的声弹性对于固体的应力状态超声无损测量具有极其重要的作用.康奈尔大学的鲍亦兴教授曾经总结了1984年以前的固体声弹性理论、实验技术及工程应用方面的研究成果.系统总结了最近20多年来固体声弹性的基本理论、实验技术及其在材料科学、岩土工程等领域应力状态超声无损检测应用方面的研究进展.   相似文献   

17.
结构损伤探测的基本方法和研究进展   总被引:103,自引:1,他引:102       下载免费PDF全文
马宏伟  杨桂通 《力学进展》1999,29(4):513-527
对目前关于结构的损伤探测的基本方法和最新的研究进展进行了回顾主要介绍利用结构的振动响应和系统动态特性参数进行结构损伤探测的方法和研究进展,并进行了相应的评述.对利用应力波效应和神经网络技术的损伤探测方法也做了简要的介绍和评述.最后对这一研究领域未来的若干研究方向进行了展望.  相似文献   

18.
    
Precise simulation of the propagation of surface water waves, especially when involving breaking wave, takes a significant place in computational fluid dynamics. Because of the strong nonlinear properties, the treatment of large surface deformation of free surface flow has always been a challenging work in the development of numerical models. In this paper, the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method, an entirely Lagrangian method, is modified to simulate wave motion in a 2‐D numerical wave flume preferably. In terms of consecutive pressure distribution, a new and simple free surface detection criterion is proposed to enhance the free surface recognition in the MPS method. In addition, a revised gradient model is deduced to diminish the effect of nonuniform particle distribution and then to reduce the numerical wave attenuation occurring in the original MPS model. The applicability and stability of the improved MPS method are firstly demonstrated by the calculation of hydrostatic problem. It is revealed that these modifications are effective to suppress the pressure oscillation, weaken the local particle clustering, and boost the stability of numerical algorithm. It is then applied to investigate the propagation of progressive waves on a flat bed and the wave breaking on a mild slope. Comparisons with the analytical solutions and experimental results indicate that the improved MPS model can give better results about the profiles and heights of surface waves in contrast with the previous MPS models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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