共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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温度对螺栓紧固应力超声测量的影响研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文从理论和实验两方面研究了温度对螺栓紧固应力超声测量的影响。推导了考虑温度影响时,测量螺栓轴力的应力—声关系.同时,通过实验测定了纵、横波在螺栓中的传播时间与温度的关系,获得了温度修正曲线,其结果与理论分析相吻合. 相似文献
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超声反射纵波法检测钢轨应力的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
钢轨的应力状况直接影响列车运行的安全,因此对钢轨应力的研究特别重要.用超声波测量应力的方法由于其对被测材料无损的特性而受到广泛关注.文章重点叙述了利用反射纵波法(the reflected longitudinal waves)来检测钢轨应力的实验方法.该方法如果用于实际测量,可以提高钢轨检测的工作效率,大大节约在铁路维护上的开支,提高铁路运输的安全系数,加速实现人民铁路的高效运营.文中详细介绍了整套实验测量系统、所用的探头、探头放置的位置、信号耦合与放大电路图以及实验测量结果,并根据实验测量结果进行分析.结果显示应力变化引起的钢材料特性变化导致了声传播速率的变化,且应力变化与声传播速率的变化呈线性关系.该结果证明了超声波测量钢轨应力的可行性. 相似文献
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弱正交异性材料残余应力测量的声弹性方法 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为了适应工程材料的残余应力无损测量的要求,本文将横波和纵波声弹性相结合,建立适用於弱正交异性材料的平面声弹性残余应力测量方法,并应用该方法及自行研制的横波换能器对焊接试件的二维残余应力进行了测试。 相似文献
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金属材料疲劳行为的应力场强法描述 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
基于近年来发展的应力场地对金属材料的多种疲劳行为作了系统的描述,给出了缺口疲劳系Kf,疲劳尺寸系数ε,疲劳加载方式因子CL,多轴疲劳极限方程,缺口件S-N曲线的预测等多方面的定量描述,并引用了大量的实验数据加以验证,由此表明应场强法是一种很好的抗疲劳设计方法。 相似文献
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本文用光弹性贴片法和非线性有限元法对膜片弹簧在小端加载时,弹簧上表面全场应力分布作了研究.实验结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好,并且得到膜片弹簧在危险工况下,其最大应力发生在凹槽边缘中部,否定了目前通用的传统理论所确定的最大应力发生在分离指根部中点的结论 相似文献
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Based on the finite deformation theory of the continuum and poroelastic theory, the aeoustoelastic theory for fluid-saturated porous media (FSPM) in natural and initial coordi- nates is developed to investigate the influence of effective stresses and fluid pore pressure on wave velocities. Firstly, the assumption of a small dynamic motion superimposed on a largely static pre- deformation of the FSPM yields natural, initial, and final configurations, whose displacements, strains, and stresses of the solid-skeleton and the fluid in an FSPM particle could be described in natural and initial coordinates, respectively. Secondly, the subtraction of initial-state equations of equilibrium from the final-state equations of motion and the introduction of non-linear constitu- rive relations of the FSPM lead to equations of motion for the small dynamic motion. Thirdly, the consideration of homogeneous pre-deformation and the plane harmonic form of the small dynamic motion gives an acoustoelastic equation, which provides analytical formulations for the relation of the fast longitudinal wave, the fast shear wave, the slow shear wave, and the slow longitudinal wave with solid-skeleton stresses and fluid pore-pressure. Lastly, an isotropic FSPM under the close-pore jacketed condition, open-pore jacketed condition, traditional unjacketed condition, and triaxial condition is taken as an example to discuss the velocities of the fast and slow shear waves propagating along the direction of one of the initial principal solid-skeleton strains. The detailed discussion shows that the wave velocities of the FSPM are usually influenced by the effective stresses and the fluid pore pressure. The fluid pore-pressure has little effect on the wave velocities of the FSPM only when the components of the applied initial principal solid-skeleton stresses or strains are equal, which is consistent with the previous experimental results. 相似文献
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An acoustoelastic method for residual stress measurement in slightly orthotropic materials by using ultrasonic longitudinal and shear waves is presented. A shear transducer with small vibrator 2 × 2mm2 is developed and described, and the measurement of 2-D residual stresses in a seam welded plate was carried out by this method with the shear transducer developed.This project was supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China 相似文献
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采用氯仿粘结聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate, PC)板和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA)板模拟含异质界面模型;在PC介质中布置柱状炮孔并与界面呈一定角度,根据炮孔端部与界面相对位置,分别于柱状炮孔两个端部设置起爆点,起爆点远离界面端部时定义为孔口起爆,靠近界面端部时定义为孔底起爆;借助数字图像相关实验系统,研究爆炸应力波通过异质界面后PMMA介质应变场演化过程及炮孔底部区域拉、压应变变化规律。实验结果表明,异质界面改变了爆炸应力波过界面后的传播形态。孔口起爆时,异质界面受爆破荷载作用后易形成应力集中区,界面处产生开裂,横向拉伸波作用是造成异质界面开裂的主要原因。起爆方式对过界面后介质PMMA的横/纵向拉、压应变场作用贡献不同,主要体现在应变场强度、拉/压应变场位置分布2个方面。在炮孔底部区域,起爆方式对应变场时程特性的影响主要体现在作用时效长短和应变强度2个方面。孔口起爆时,横/纵向应变体现出短时效、高强度的变化特征。就应变强度而言,起爆方式对横向压应变的影响显著强于其对纵向拉应变的影响。对空间分布特性影响主要体现在衰减程度,起爆方式对纵向应变衰减程度影响较大。无论采用何种起爆方式,爆炸应变场在PC介质中衰减速度较快,进入PMMA介质后衰减速度显著降低。
相似文献14.
A non-contact measuring technique of ultrasonic waves velocity is proposed, in which Rayleigh waves are detected by a laser Doppler velocimeter and the velocity is measured precisely by means of a sing-around unit and a digital oscilloscope. With the proposed technique, the acoustoelastic coefficient of Rayleigh waves in mild steel SS41 is obtained, which is in good agreement with that obtained by the contact method. Furthermore the non-contact technique is applied to evaluate the residual stress in a butt-welded steel plate, the result is reasonable. 相似文献
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声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文提出一个利用非线性参数研究材料损伤的声弹性方法.在该方法中定义了一个由二阶和三阶弹性常数所组合的损伤变量.以20#钢为例,采用横波声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤.同时用声速法作了损伤测量.对比两种方法的实验结果表明,新方法是对金属材料塑性损伤测量的有效技术. 相似文献
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Precise simulation of the propagation of surface water waves, especially when involving breaking wave, takes a significant place in computational fluid dynamics. Because of the strong nonlinear properties, the treatment of large surface deformation of free surface flow has always been a challenging work in the development of numerical models. In this paper, the moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) method, an entirely Lagrangian method, is modified to simulate wave motion in a 2‐D numerical wave flume preferably. In terms of consecutive pressure distribution, a new and simple free surface detection criterion is proposed to enhance the free surface recognition in the MPS method. In addition, a revised gradient model is deduced to diminish the effect of nonuniform particle distribution and then to reduce the numerical wave attenuation occurring in the original MPS model. The applicability and stability of the improved MPS method are firstly demonstrated by the calculation of hydrostatic problem. It is revealed that these modifications are effective to suppress the pressure oscillation, weaken the local particle clustering, and boost the stability of numerical algorithm. It is then applied to investigate the propagation of progressive waves on a flat bed and the wave breaking on a mild slope. Comparisons with the analytical solutions and experimental results indicate that the improved MPS model can give better results about the profiles and heights of surface waves in contrast with the previous MPS models. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献