轻量级光电实验室综合管理系统的设计与实现

针对当前光电实验室数据繁多且结构复杂的实际情况,本文利用数据库等技术设计了一套针对于大型光电实验室综合管理系统的框架和数据结构,并最终实现该系统。该系统能够对光电实验室的实验数据进行有效的组织、管理和应用,能够对实验设备进行管理和统计,该系统设计有完善的架构体系,并有预留接口,为系统的升级和功能的添加提供了便利。光电实验室综合管理系统可以使实验室人员科学合理地安排实验,减少实验次数、缩短实验周期,更好的利用现有实验数据,从而减少资源的浪费,实现实验室数据资源有效而经济的管理。同时,通过对设备信息的管理可以提高设备的利用率,进而优化实验室的资源配置。     

条件愈苦,意志愈坚 --记王淦昌早年的科研活动

文章介绍了中国物理学家王淦昌早期的科研工作，特别是在抗日战争时期的科研成绩．王淦昌早期的科研贡献并不是在先进的实验仪器上，在条件优裕的实验室内完成的，而是在实验设备缺乏，科学文献不足等极端困难的环境中完成的．从王淦昌身上，可以看到那个时代中国优秀科学家脚踏实地、执志若金的奋斗精神．     

高灵敏度光纤光栅传感特性测试仪研制

本文报道了一种新颖的光纤光栅传感测试仪,仪器的波长变化分辨率可达0.002nm,应变分辨率达1.7με.本仪器可以用于光纤布喇格光栅传感实用化测量,也可以作为光纤光栅传感技术教学的实验设备.     

AR技术在物理实验教学中的应用与实践

物理实验教学在各级学生教育与培养中都占据了相当重要的地位。但是,仅依托于实验器材进行教学,存在着实验室资源有限、预习效果不佳、不利于器材维护与增加运行成本等诸多不足之处,通过引入AR等虚拟仿真实验可以有效解决这些问题。鉴于此,我们将AR技术与传统纸质教材和实验仪器或实验装置实物进行结合,学生通过手机等移动端就可以观看实验仪器或装置的内部三维模型和三维动画等内容,实现了仪器或实验现象的可视化和交互化操作,打破了实验仪器"黑盒子"或实验现象不可见的限制,大大提高了学生对物理实验的学习兴趣与热情,提高了预习和教学效果,增强了实验资源对课内课程、课外实践的支撑力。同时,该方法不需要专门配备VR眼镜等装备,易于大规模应用和推广。     

基于ZEMAX的变形牛顿环装置仿真分析

牛顿环实验是大学物理实验中的基础性实验,而仿真实验可以不受实验仪器和实验场所的限制,效果形象、直观,有助于理论和实践教学。本文基于ZEMAX软件对牛顿环仪及其变形装置进行仿真,对实验方案进行了综合性拓展及仿真分析,验证了其可行性;通过在模型中改变凸透镜的曲率半径、入射波长、介质折射率和介质薄膜厚度等参数,观察干涉条纹的变化规律,可对实际实验中有效而准确的调节起到指导作用,从而有效减少贵重仪器的划伤并轻松排除外界干扰;针对白光源干涉场强较弱牛顿环现象难以观察、透镜凸球面换为非球面时条纹分布规律难以用解析法得到的难题进行了仿真分析,可有效突破实验仪器对实验内容拓展和延伸的限制,具有一定的应用价值。     

关于“气体性质”演示实验的改进和一些体会

当我们选择演示实验仪器的时候,不但要求在同样的演示效果下,尽量选用较简单的实验设备,而且希望所选用的仪器能作到一物多用,不仅能够用它演示一些基本的物理现象和物理规律,而且还可以在经过某些简便的改进以后,演示跟这些基本知识有关的、在这些基本知识的基础上发展而来的、较复杂的物理问题,     

组合式摆动实验仪的研制

介绍一种组合式摆动实验仪,它可以将三线摆、两线摆、扭摆和单摆这四种实验仪器巧妙组合在一起,成为一种新的实验仪,具有一台实验仪测量多种摆动的功能,可以实现多种物理量的测量以及对不同摆动规律的研究,有效节约购置仪器成本。     

大学物理实验教学辅导系统的开发设计

为了满足开放式实验的需求,采用Flash开发了物理实验仪器库,根据大学物理实验教学流程,分别采用Excel和Flash嵌入Visual Basic的方式,开发了实验教学辅导系统.该系统既能够实现实验讲解、实验演示和成绩管理功能,又可以根据指定实验和设计实验的模式,以已开发的仪器库为核心,实现指定实验和设计实验的仿真、数据处理;将实验报告分成不变部分和可变部分,主观部分由教师评阅,客观部分由计算机自动评阅.     

中学物理实验室的管理

物理学是基础科学,也是实验科学。演示实验和学生实验在中学物理教学中非常重要。物理实验室直接为物理教学服务,实验员要协助教师完成教学大纲所规定的演示实验和学生实验;并且保养、管理好实验器材和设备。一个好的实验员既要熟悉教学大纲中的全部实验,也要掌握各种器材的用法和一般维修。实验员要切实掌握实验室工作的特点和规律,有条不紊地把实验室管理好和建设好。中学物理实验室的管理,主要有如下几个方面:(一)实验室的帐物管理:教学仪器、设备是学校的重要财产,管理帐物是实验员的重要职责,     

普通物理设计性实验的探讨

设计性实验可以是要求学生利用已掌握的知识和常用仪器所做的自命题的实验;也可以让学生进行开拓常用仪器的用法,对原有的实验仪器进行改良的实验;也可以由教师给出具体的实验目的,学生参考文献,分析最终选择最为优化的实验。     

虚拟仪器在电子实验教学中的应用实例

用SHOW软件在计算机上实现了常规仪器的虚拟，拓宽了常规仪器功能。使电子实验的计算机辅助教学(CAI)的形象性与精确性得以兼顾，并可为电子类科研章的写作提供便利。     

The design of a harmonic percussion ensemble (L)

The primary oscillators of tuned percussion instruments are rigid structures that exhibit bending waves. Bending waves do not naturally occur at harmonically related frequencies, which may lead to uncertainty associated with the intended pitch of the instrument. Despite millennia of development across many cultures, tuned percussion instruments rarely exhibit harmonic tuning of the first three or more partials. This letter presents three percussion instruments that have three or more harmonically tuned partials, and provides an overview of the methods used to tune the partials and manufacture the instruments at relatively low production costs. These instruments form the basis of new percussion instrument ensembles for educational, recreational, and professional use.     

Intrasubject variability of objective voice measures

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders necessitate the need for accurate and reliable objective voice measurements. There are many instruments commonly used to analyze voice data. Many, if not most, of these instruments have not been adequately tested for reliability or consistency. This study evaluates the intrasubject variability of the objective voice measurements from two commonly used voice analysis instruments. The study also presents data correlating subjective mood states, room temperatures, sleep times of the subject, time since last meal, and hydration levels to the various acoustic measures. Several weak but significant correlations were obtained and are discussed. Guidelines for the appropriate use of these instruments are described.     

轰声和轰声测量的频率限

轰声陡峭的前沿和后沿，要求测量设备的频率响应范围越宽越好，但实际上，测量设备的频率响应范围总是有限的。本文从讨论Ｎ波的时域和频域特性出发，由设定的测量设备的频率范围。将Ｎ波从频域变回到时域，再由时域波形的畸变程度，提出声学测量设备应有的频率响应范围，将此用于轰声的测量，对一般精度的测量，设备的频响范围为０．１５－１３００Ｈｚ时，能量测量的理论误差不大于１％，峰值超压测量的理论误差不大于３％。     

Particle size analysis: A comparison of various methods ii

In previous work, the relative performance of various methods used to characterize the particle size distribution of powders composed of fine irregularly shaped particles was assessed. It was found that methods employing Fraunhofer diffraction theory were inferior with respect to particle counting methods. Furthermore, calculated particle size distributions varied considerably between manufactures of Fraunhofer devices. It is well known that the Mie optical model can also be used to analyze the data collected by laser diffraction instruments. Here, we have compared particle size distributions collected using two Laser diffraction instruments to those determined by the Aerosizer. In our earlier work the Aerosizer was shown to produce results nearly identical to those determined by image analysis. The results of this study indicate that the use of the Mie optical model does not correct for deficiencies previously noted for laser diffraction methods. Considerable variation exists between the results obtained on laser diffraction instruments manufactured by different companies. Our earlier recommendation to use extreme caution when employing laser diffraction instruments to characterize fine powders continues to be supported in the present work.     

用粘贴表面光栅法计算和测试金属材料应变

目前,利用光栅作为应变传感器测量材料应变引起了研究人员的兴趣。本文分析了衍射光栅法的基本测量原理,建立了一套相应的实验测试装置。该装置由光源、测试台、CCD、计算机数据采集与处理等部分构成。利用该装置进行了不同载荷下单向拉伸平板中心圆孔附近应力应变分布的实验,结果令人满意。由于借助CCD和计算机进行数据采集与处理,可实现金属材料应变的近实时显示与测量。     

Psychometric Evaluation of Disease Specific Quality of Life Instruments in Voice Disorders

The objective of this study was to compare the psychometric properties of voice disordered quality of life (VQOL) instruments. Nine VQOL instruments were identified through a comprehensive literature search. Based on specific criteria, four were selected for comprehensive review: Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP), Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) and Voice Outcome Survey (VOS). Selected instruments were evaluated based on 11 measurement standards related to item information, versatility, practicality, breadth and depth of health measure, reliability, validity, and responsiveness. VHI and V-RQOL each met 7 of 11 criteria, with VHI showing additional preferable item information, practicality, and reliability over V-RQOL and V-RQOL showing preferable responsiveness properties over VHI. These study results do not support the Social Security Administration's recent conclusion that the VHI meets reliability and validity standards for individual decision making. Nevertheless, the present results do support the use of VHI total scores for clinical use with individual patients, and the use of V-RQOL total scores or individual dimension scores for use with groups of patients.     

自组装非接触测距仪

介绍一种非接触测距仪的制作和设计理念,并对仪器的使用特点和测量精度进行了分析。     

Non-Classical Diffusion of the Cosmic Rays in the Galaxy: Retrieval of Primary Nuclei Spectra in Sources

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - This study investigates the use of results from new-generation balloon-borne and satellite instruments and earthbound observatories for quantifying primary nuclei spectra...