Al(2Pu)+H2(X1Σ+g)的分子反应动力学

基于多体展式方法所导出的ＡｌＨ２（Ｘ＾２Ａ１）分析势能函数,用准经典的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ轨迹法对Ａｌ（＾２Ｐｕ）＋Ｈ２（Ｘ＾１∑＾＋ｇ,ｕ＝ｊ＝０）的分子反应动力学过程进行了计算。结果表明,此反应的主产物为交换反应Ａｌ（＾２Ｐｕ）＋Ｈ２（Ｘ＾１∑＾＋ｇ,ｖ＝ｊ＝０）→ＡｌＨ（Ｘ＾１∑＾＋,Ｖ’,ｊ’）＋Ｈ（＾２Ｓｇ）的ＡｌＨ（Ｘ＾１∑＾＋,ｖ’,ｊ’）没有发现ＡｌＨ２（Ｘ＾２Ａ１）的络合物。而     

Al(2~P_u) H_2(X1~∑_g~ )的分子反应动力学

基于多体展式方法所导出的ＡＩＨ_２（Ｘ ~２Ａ_１）分析势能函数,用准经典的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ轨迹法对ＡＩ（~２Ｐ_ｕ）＋Ｈ_２（Ｘ~１∑_ｇ~＋,ｖ＝ｊ＝０）的分子反应动力学过程进行了计算．结果表明,此反应的主产物为交换反应ＡＩ（~２Ｐ_ｕ）＋Ｈ_２（Ｘ~１∑_ｇ~＋ ｖ＝ｊ＝０）→ＡＩＨ（Ｘ ~１∑~＋,ｖ~＇,ｊ~＇）＋Ｈ（~２Ｓ_ｇ）的ＡＩＨ（Ｘ ~１∑~＋,ｖ~’,ｊ~’）,没有发现 ＡｌＨ_２（ Ｘ~２ Ａ_１）络合物．而从反应的反应截面σ_ｒ与相对平动能Ｅ_ｔ的关系发现,该反应为有阈能反应,阈能值为 ３１４ ＫＪ·ｍｏｌ~(－１)．同时,由于 ＡＩ的质量比氢的大,发生的是直接碰撞,产物散射角分布是向前散射的．     

Pu(7Fg)+CO(X1Σ+,0,0)的分子反应动力学

基于PuCO分子基态()的分析势能函数,用准经典的Monte-Carlo轨线法对Pu(7Fg)+CO(0,0)的分子反应动力学过程进行了计算.结果表明,Pu(7Fg)与CO(0,0)碰撞易生成PuCO络合物分子,该反应是无阈能反应,反应截面σ随能量Et的升高而下降,当Et=502.1kJ@mol-1时,σ几乎为零.     

Pu(7Fg)＋CO(X 1Σ＋，0，0)的分子反应动力学

基于PuCO分子基态()的分析势能函数， 用准经典的Monte Carlo轨线法对Pu(7Fg)＋CO(0，0)的分 子反应动力学过程进行了计算.结果表明, Pu(7Fg)与CO(0，0)碰撞易生成PuCO络合物分子，该反应是无阈能反应，反应截面σ随能量Et的升高而下降，当Et=502.1 kJ•mol－1时，σ几乎为零.     

CH与H2分子反应动力学及选态反应的理论研究

次甲基作为化学反应源曾引起广泛的兴趣.Schaefer 及其合作者于1977年对反应CH(~4Σ~-)+H_2→CH_2(~3B_1)+H 进行过量子化学研究,但是计算中限制了一些自由度.近年来,由于能量梯度方法的发展,反应途径哈密顿理论和变分过渡态理论的提出,有可能进一步对该反应进行分子反应动力学性质的研究.本文用从头算UHF/6-31G 方法和能量梯度方法首先优化出上述反应(原子编号为CH_a+H_bH_c→H_bCH_a+H_c)的过渡态;再用     

CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的直接动态学研究

用从头算方法计算了反应CH(^4∑^-)+H2O→CH2(^3B1)+OH的反应途径。在此基础上, 计算沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数, 并进行隧道效应校正。结果表明, 电子相关能对反应活化位垒影响较大; 反应存在返回效应和隧道效应, 用正则变分过渡态方法和小曲率近似的隧道校正是有效的。     

N(4S)+CH3X(X=Cl、Br)反应机理的理论研究

The reaction of N(4S)+CH3X(X=Cl、Br) was studied by the ab initio method. The geometries of the reactants, transition states and products were optimized at the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) level. The corresponding vibration frequencies were calculated at the same level. The single-point calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at the MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p) and the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) levels using the MP2/6-311+G(d,p) optimized geometries. The energies of all the stationary points were calculated by the G2MP2 method. The results of this theoretical study indicate that the reaction has three reaction channels: H abstraction reaction channel a, Cl or Br abstraction reaction channel b and substitution reaction channel c. For the N(4S)+CH3Cl reaction, reaction channel a is the main reaction channel. Reaction channels b and c may have a slight contribution in the reaction. For the N(4S)+CH3Br reaction, reaction channel a is the main reaction channel. Reaction channels b and c may have some contribution in the reaction.     

碰撞能对K(2S)+HF(X1Σ+)→KF(X1Σ+)+H(2S)反应的影响

基于Sayós等构建的基态势能面, 运用准经典轨线方法对原子-分子反应K(²S)+HF(X¹∑⁺)→KF(X¹∑⁺)+ H(²S)的立体动力学性质进行了研究. 计算了该反应的极化微分反应截面、 两矢量k?j'相关分布函数P(θ_r)、 三矢量k?k'?j'相关分布函数P(?_r)和空间分布函数P(θ_r,?_r). 结果表明, 产物KF的转动角动量j′不仅在垂直于反应物相对速度矢量k的方向上有强烈的取向效应, 而且还定向于y轴的负方向, 转动角动量j′敏感地依赖于碰撞能.     

CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径及动态理论研究

用从头算的UHF/6-31G方法,反应途径哈密顿理论以及变分过渡态理论, 计算了反应CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径.沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数,用变分过渡态方法处理效果明显;较低温度下考虑隧道效应更重要,而用小曲率近似的校正是有效的;H~2 分子的振动激发对反应速率常数有较大增进.     

NH2(X^2B1)与C2H4反应机理的从头算研究

用从头算MP2方法,在6-311G^**基组下,对NH2X^2B1)与C2H4的加成和氢迁移反应机理进行了研究,优化得到反应的过渡态,并通过振动分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)加以证实,计算了两个反应的能垒和1500K～2000K温度范围内的速率常数。结果表明：在1500K～2000K温度范围内加成反应是NH2(XX^2B1)与C2H4的反应的主要通道,同时报道了两个反应沿反应路径变化信息。     

CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径及动态理论研究

用从头算的UHF/6-31G方法,反应途径哈密顿理论以及变分过渡态理论, 计算了反应CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径.沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数,用变分过渡态方法处理效果明显;较低温度下考虑隧道效应更重要,而用小曲率近似的校正是有效的;H~2 分子的振动激发对反应速率常数有较大增进.     

H+H2体系的态(R)-态(TS)-态(P)理论研究

H+H₂体系的辛准经典轨迹(SQCT)计算表明: 碰撞轨迹分为A, B两种类型, A型是经过过渡态鞍点的, B型是不经过过渡态鞍点的. A型轨迹不全发生反应, B型轨迹却也可发生反应. A, B两种类型轨迹的配分及其反应性, 与反应物初始态(R)有关. 这种轨迹类型A, B影响着产物态(P)(即振转态)分布及其角度分布. 初步建立了化学反应态(R)-态(TS)-态(P)理论研究的雏形, 深化了对Eyring过渡态理论的理解.     

Pu（^7Fg）＋H2（X^1∑g^＋,0,0）的分子反应动力学

基于PuH_2分子基态(X~7A_1)的分析势能函数，用准经典的Monte-Carlo轨线法 对Pu(~7Fg)+H_2(X~1∑_g~+，0，0)的分子反应动力学过程进行了计算。结果表明 ：Pu(~7F_g)与H_2(X~1∑_g~+，0，0)碰撞是弹性碰撞。     

Die Zersetzungsreaktion des Dialan-Radikalanions [R2Al-AlR2]·− in DME: I. Kristallstrukturen von R2Al(Me)OC2H4OMeK(DME) und R2Al(OC2H4OMe)2K (R  CH(SiMe3) 2)

Tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialane(4) (1) reacts as recently reported with potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) to yield after purification the surprisingly stable radical monoanion [R₂AlAlR₂]·⁻ [K(DME)₃]⁺ (2) (R  CH(SiMe₃)₂). With a longer reaction time of some days at room temperature and an excess of potassium, however, complete decomposition occurs under cleavage of ether molecules and formation of several new products. One of these compounds was identified as R₂AlMe(OC₂H₄OMe)K(DME) (3) and characterized by a crystal structure determination. Two further derivatives were synthesized and their spectroscopic data compared to the decomposition products: R₂Al(OC₂H₄OMe)₂K (6), also characterized by crystal structure determination, and [R₂AlMe₂]⁻ [K(DME)₆]⁺ (9), but due to the NMR characterization only 9 could be a component of the above-mentioned reaction mixture. In both aluminium alcoholates (3 and 6) the potassium ion is bound in a chelating manner by oxygen atoms of the aluminate unit, probably for this reason they are very soluble in non-polar solvents. In the solid state 3 polymerizes by intermolecular K…H₃CAl bridges forming one-dimensional chains along a crystallographic glide plane, and 6 forms dimers via KOK bridges and fourfold coordinated oxygen atoms.     

Kinetics and Dynamics of the H(2S)+NO(X2Π)→N(4S)+OH(X2Π)Reaction:A Quasi-classical Trajectory Studyt

A quasi-classical trajectory study of the H(2S)+NO(X2Π)→N(4S)+OH(X2Π)reaction kinetics and dynamics is reported on an accu-rate potential energy surface.The tot...     

BH分子X1∑+、A1∏和B1∑+态的势能函数

利用SAC/SAC-CI方法,使用D95++、6-311++g及cc-PVTZ等基组,对BH分子的基态(X1∑+)、第一简并激发态(A1∏)及第二激发态(B1∑+)的平衡结构和谐振频率进行了优化计算.通过对三个基组计算结果的比较,得出了cc-PVTZ基组为三个基组中的最优基组的结论;使用cc-PVTZ基组,利用SAC的GSUM(group sum ofoperators)方法对基态(X1∑+),SAC-CI的GSUM方法对激发态(A1∏和B1∑+)进行单点能扫描计算,用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie函数,得到了相应电子态的完整势能函数;从得到的势能函数计算了与基态(X1∑+)、第一简并的激发态(A1∏)和第二激发态(B1∑+)相对应的光谱常数(Be、αe、ωe和ωeXe),结果与实验数据较为一致.其中基态、第一激发态与实验数据吻合得较好.     

H2X(X=O,S)分子简正模激发态下分子内能量转移的研究

采用准经典轨迹法,考察了H₂O及H₂S分子简正模激发态下分子内各态能量随时间变化的分布关系,讨论了激发能在各态间的转移规律.研究表明:简正模激发态能量转移倾向于频率彼此相近或对称性相同的态间.     

H+CN体系中平行络合反应的动力学

利用分子反应动力学的经典轨迹法研究化学反应体系已经开展了很多工作,但是,研究长寿命络合物的几何异构体就显得有些困难,主要表现在该方法对几何异构体不容易判别．由于这些原因和计算机时大增,Davis[1]利用经典轨迹法和统计方法相结合,研究了H＋CN和H＋NC体系在固定方位时的长寿命络合物动力学行为,并且采用Murrel等[2]拟合光谱数据的势能函数,该势能函数在HCN和HNC平衡点的频率与实验值相差较大．本文利用经典轨迹法研究了H＋CN产生HCN和HNC平行络合物异构体的分子反应动力学行为,揭示了平行络合反应产生几何异构体的…     

Abstraction versus insertion in the reaction O(1D2)+H2→OH(υ″ = 2) + H

The product hydroxyl radical arising from the reaction O(¹D₂)+H₂→OH+H was detected by LIF following excitation of the off-diagonal transition OH(A²Σ⁺, υ′=1←X²Π, υ″=2) in the region 348–357 nm. The rotational population distribution in υ″=2 appears to be inverted and quite similar to that previously reported for υ″=0 and 1. Because rotationally cool OH was not observed, there is no evidence for the existence of an abstractive pathway in which the subject reaction occurs without the initial formation, via insertion, of a chemically activated HOH collision complex.     

Chemical dynamics of the CH(X2Π) + C2H4(X1A1g), CH(X2Π) + C2D4(X1A1g), and CD(X2Π) + C2H4(X1A1g) reactions studied under single collision conditions

The crossed beam reactions of the methylidyne radical with ethylene (CH(X(2)Π) + C(2)H(4)(X(1)A(1g))), methylidyne with D4-ethylene (CH(X(2)Π) + C(2)D(4)(X(1)A(1g))), and D1-methylidyne with ethylene (CD(X(2)Π) + C(2)H(4)(X(1)A(1g))) were conducted at nominal collision energies of 17-18 kJ mol(-1) to untangle the chemical dynamics involved in the formation of distinct C(3)H(4) isomers methylacetylene (CH(3)CCH), allene (H(2)CCCH(2)), and cyclopropene (c-C(3)H(4)) via C(3)H(5) intermediates. By tracing the atomic hydrogen and deuterium loss pathways, our experimental data suggest indirect scattering dynamics and an initial addition of the (D1)-methylidyne radical to the carbon-carbon double bond of the (D4)-ethylene reactant forming a cyclopropyl radical intermediate (c-C(3)H(5)/c-C(3)D(4)H/c-C(3)H(4)D). The latter was found to ring-open to the allyl radical (H(2)CCHCH(2)/D(2)CCHCD(2)/H(2)CCDCH(2)). This intermediate was found to be long lived with life times of at least five times its rotational period and decomposed via atomic hydrogen/deuterium loss from the central carbon atom (C2) to form allene via a rather loose exit transition state in an overall strongly exoergic reaction. Based on the experiments with partially deuterated reactants, no compelling evidence could be provided to support the formation of the cyclopropene and methylacetylene isomers under single collision conditions. Likewise, hydrogen/deuterium shifts in the allyl radical intermediates or an initial insertion of the (D1)-methylidyne radical into the carbon-hydrogen/deuterium bond of the (D4)-ethylene reactant were found to be-if at all-of minor importance. Our experiments propose that in hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of planets and their moons such as Saturn's satellite Titan, the reaction of methylidyne radicals should lead predominantly to the hitherto elusive allene molecule in these reducing environments.