关于掺杂C60超导体超导电性的一种可能机制

本对掺杂Ｃ６０超导体建议了一种可能的超导机制，即巡游载流子与局域电子对相互作用，此机制对Ｒｂ３Ｃ６０的超导转变、磁场穿透深度、相干长度、热力学临界磁场以及Ｔｃ处的经热跳跃作了计算，结果和实验基本一致，掺杂Ｃ６０超导体与高温氧化物超导化玎比更多地表现出传统ＢＣＳ超导体行为，对此进行了讨论。     

铁基超导体中的化学掺杂研究

目前已经发现的绝大部分铁基超导体都是通过化学掺杂而得到的。铁基超导体的母体一般在200 K以下经历自旋密度波(SDW)转变:即其基态是一类巡游电子反铁磁不良导体。通过适当的元素替代可以在FeAs层产生额外的电子、空穴、巡游性或化学压力,从而有效地抑制SDW序,实现超导电性。本文侧重作者所在小组的相关研究结果,将铁基超导体中的元素替代研究分为FeAs层外和FeAs层内掺杂两大类,依次介绍和评述两年来国际上对4种主要铁基化合物中的化学掺杂研究进展。     

Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO 超导体中掺杂3d过渡元素Fe、Zn对超导性能的影响

在 Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO 超导体中,用 Fe 名义分别取代 Cu、Bi;用 Zn 名义取代 Cu.对样品的电阻-温度和交流磁化率-温度特性的测量,以及对样品的 X 光衍射分析表明:Fe、Zn 掺杂对超导性能有不良影响,Fe 的影响较 Zn 更为严重.表现在:随掺杂含量的增加,2223相的形成受到强烈抑制其起始转变温度 T_c 向低温移动;2212相的含量有所上升,其 T_c 有较大幅度下降;Fe 取代 Cu 比取代 Bi 会产生更大影响.     

铁基超导体中的化学掺杂研究

目前已经发现的绝大部分铁基超导体都是通过化学掺杂而得到的。铁基超导体的母体一般在200K以下经历自旋密度波（SDW）转变：即其基态是一类巡游电子反铁磁不良导体。通过适当的元素替代可以在FeAs层产生额外的电子、空穴、巡游性或化学压力,从而有效地抑制SDW序,实现超导电性。本文侧重作者所在小组的相关研究结果,将铁基超导体中的元素替代研究分为FeAs层外和FeAs层内掺杂两大类,依次介绍和评述两年来国际上对4种主要铁基化合物中的化学掺杂研究进展。     

过量La掺杂的Bi—2201单晶的超导电性

在极度Ｌａ掺杂的Ｂｉ２Ｓｒ２－ｘＬａｘＣｕＯ６＋ｙ单晶中发现Ｔｃ高达３６Ｋ的超导相。Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ图和劳埃斑点实验都显示单晶具有很好的质量。ＥＤＸ分析结果和由ＸＲＤ得到的单晶ｃ轴长度均证实单晶处于极度Ｌａ掺杂的区域。一般来说，处于如此高Ｌａ掺杂区域的Ｂｉ－２２０１体系不表现出超导电性。因为我们的样品曾在Ｏ２中６８０℃退火１０小时，而且极度Ｌａ掺杂会导致长程反铁磁有序背景。所以我们将这种高Ｔｃ的     

MgB2超导体含碳掺杂研究进展

MgB2超导体具有临界转变温度39 K、原材料廉价及制备工艺简单等优点,被认为是MRI中已用超导体最好的替代者.但是临界电流密度(Jc)随外加磁场增大下降较快的这一问题极大的阻碍了其实际中的应用.实验结果表明:采取掺杂的方法来提高MgB2的超导电性尤其是高场下Jc值是一条有效的途径,本文概述了用单质碳和含碳化合物对MgB2超导体进行掺杂从而提高其超导特性的最新研究工作,具体介绍了掺杂物颗粒大小、掺杂量以及烧结温度等参数对MgB2超导电性的影响.研究表明:在碳单质掺杂中纳米级碳颗粒和碳纳米管具有比较好的掺杂性能,可以大幅度提高高场下的Jc值;在含碳化合物中,用纳米级SiC进行掺杂不仅可以大幅度提高高场下的Jc值,而且相比碳单质有更高的Tc值.根据目前的研究结果,最后本文对MgB2超导体掺杂研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

d+s波超导体磁掺杂转变

研究了Anderson掺杂极限Δs/Δd《1的情况下,d+s波对称下的超导态。此模型包括哈密顿量中类似BSC项和自恰平均场似下的Anderson掺杂。随着掺杂中心数的增加或比率Δs/Δd的减小,可推出从低能下在费米能级附近具有双峰的态到N(0)≈(Δs/Δd)2态的转变。如果掺杂共振的能量为最小能量标度,则转变不连续。     

铁基超导体Minimum模型中的d波和扩展s波

对比研究了Minimum模型中d-波配对和扩展s-波配对的基本性质.结果表明,超导序参量按类BCS关系随温度变化,重整化参数t对超导有抑制作用,当t足够大时,超导消失,系统进入正常金属相.此外,讨论了超导序参量随不同参量的变化关系.对于d波,系统有稳定态;而对于扩展s波,系统则没有稳定态.     

铁基超导体能隙结构和机理的统一认识

铁基超导体作为除铜氧化物超导体之外的第二类高温超导体,自从被发现以来其超导电性的成因就备受关注。早期有人针对同时具有空穴型费米口袋和电子型费米口袋的铁砷基超导体提出了S^±配对模式,而且得到中子散射和隧道谱实验的初步支持。这一配对模型的基础是需要在布里渊区同时具有空穴型和电子型费米面。但是铁基超导体的费米面因材料而异,新发现的很多铁硒基超导体因缺乏空穴型费米面,对S^±电子配对模型来说是一个挑战。文章综述了过去几年来作者在这方面取得的工作进展。运用高精度的扫描隧道显微镜,在不同铁基超导体系中,针对超导能隙结构,或超导序参量的性质进行了仔细研究。首先作者在铁砷基超导体NaFe_1-xCo_xAs和Ba_1-xK_xFe ₂As₂中利用无磁性杂质态测量和隧道谱测量,发现S^±的明确证据。进一步,在只有电子型费米面的(Li_1−xFe_x)OHFeSe超导材料中发现两个各向异性的超导能隙,利用准粒子相干散射实验第一次把这两个超导能隙对应到由电子型费米面套叠或杂化后形成的内外两套费米面上。通过非磁性杂质诱导产生的能隙内杂质态和新型电子驻波相位敏感实验的探测,证明该材料中超导能隙符号也发生反转。因此作者的系列工作统一了有和没有空穴型费米面的铁基超导体的能隙形式,支持排斥势是导致电子配对和超导电性产生的关键因素。     

Hg掺杂对BaPb1-xBixO3超导体中Pb和O的化学环境的影响

采用XPS方法对BaPb1-xBixO3超导体以及Hg掺杂BaPb1-xBixO3超导体进行了对照研究,结果表明当Hg取代Pb后,位于18eV和22eV的价带的强度发生变化并与样品的超导转变温度相关联,O1s和Pb4f谱峰也随Hg掺入而发生位移,说明随Hg的掺入BaPb1-xBixO3超导体的化学环境发生改变.     

LaO1-xFxBiS2 层状材料超导电性研究

层状材料一直是超导研究领域的热点材料, 陆续有数十种新型的层状超导材料被不断发现, 从至今为止超导转变温度最高的铜氧化物材料, 到铁基超导, 再到诸多新型的层状材料, 学者们关于超导微观机制的理解也在随之更新, 从取得成功的 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer 经典理论到至今无法解释的非常规超导机制, 研究之路从未停止. 本文将研究利用助熔剂法合成的 LaO1 -xFxBiS2 材料的结构、 电阻、 磁化率等性质, 并与国际社会上已存在的研究成果进行对比, 同时从晶体结构、 压力效应、 体超导电性、 临界温度、 微观机制五个方面, 对近年发现的镧系铋硫基层状超导材料的研究情况进行讨论.     

Superconductivity in B-doped diamonds

Results of theoretical studies on the surprising discovery of superconductivity in B-doped diamonds are presented. It is stressed that the critical temperatures are very high irrespective of the small density of states at the Fermi energy and the presence of strong disorder as deduced both experimentally and theoretically. It is concluded that this strong attractive interaction comes from particular situation where carriers are doped into the covalent bonds of diamond structure, which naturally have very high Debye frequency. It is indicated that such transformation of covalent bonds into conduction bands by carrier doping can be a candidate for higher critical temperature.     

Superconductivity in heavily vacant diamond

Using first principle electronic structure calculations we investigated the role of substitutional doping of B, N, P, Al and vacancies (V) in diamond (X_αC_1-α). In the heavy doping regime, at about ∼1-6% doping an impurity band appears in the mid gap. Increasing further the concentration of the impurity substitution fills in the gap of the diamond host. Our first principle calculation indicates that in the case of vacancies, a clear single-band picture can be employed to write down an effective one band microscopic Hamiltonian, which can be used to further study various many-body and disorder effects in impurity band (super)conductors.     

Superconductivity in the alkali metals

At ambient pressure there are 29 elemental superconductors in the periodic table, none of which is an alkali metal. The first alkali metal to become superconducting under high pressure is Cs followed years later by Li. Alkali metals are believed to be exemplary free-electron systems. The fact that an alkali metal becomes superconducting at all is surprising and is a result of the fact that under pressure it shows marked deviations from free-electron behaviour where, counterintuitively, bands narrow and gaps widen. For this reason the alkali metals are among the most interesting systems known to study in high-pressure experiments and superconductivity is one of their most fascinating properties.     

Superconductivity in layered nickel oxides

Likely presence of superconductivity in layered nickelates of K₂NiF₄ structure is pointed out.     

Superconductivity of calcium in phase VI

The properties of the superconducting state of calcium in phase VI were analyzed. By using the imaginary axis Eliashberg equations it has been shown, that the Coulomb pseudopotential reaches the high value equal to 0.215. In the considered case, the critical temperature is not properly described by the Allen-Dynes formula and it should be calculated with an use of the modified expression. In the paper the exact solutions of the Eliashberg equations on the real axis were also obtained. On this basis it was stated, that the effective potential of the electron-electron interaction is attractive for the frequencies lower or equal to the maximum phonon frequency. Then, the dimensionless parameter 2Δ(0)/k_BT_C = 4.10 was calculated. In the last step it has been proven, that the ratio of the electron effective mass to the bare electron mass is high and reaches its maximum equal to 2.36 for the critical temperature.     

Superconductivity and spin density waves

In the electron-electron interaction the r-space structure caused by magnetic fluctuations at the phase transition from a nonmagnetic metal to an antiferromagnetic metal gives rise to a d-wave attractive interaction for Cooper pairing. This is a contribution to some total electron-electron interaction which in total may or may not give rise to Cooper pairing and superconductivity.     

Superconductivity and magnetism in Ir-doped GdFeAsO

The 5d-transition metal, Ir has successfully been doped at Fe site and induced superconductivity in GdFeAsO at T_c = 18.9 K and ∼20 atom%. The Ir-doping shortened the c-axis length and stretched the a-axis one, which led to enhance the coupling between the FeAs- and SmO-layer, and to weaken the bonding between Fe and As atom. Paramagnetism was observed in all of the samples, which was resulted from the magnetic Gd ion as in the F-doped GdFeAsO. An upper critical field of GdFe_0.8Ir_0.2AsO was extrapolated to around 24 T, much smaller than that of F-doped GdFeAsO owing to a relatively low T_c and small value of dH_c2/dT.     

Superconductivity in a correlated two-dimensional Hubbard model: A theoretical study

In this work we study the superconductivity within an attractive two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model. We consider a d-wave superconducting gap and a Hubbard-I approximation to describe the strongly correlated superconducting regime. We use Green's function method to obtain the order parameter Δ and the superconducting critical temperature T_c. The results show that for fixed values of the superconducting attractive potential U (U<0), the gap increases for low temperatures, whereas diminishes abruptly as the temperature increases. The effect of pressure can be discussed, varying the next-nearest-neighbors hopping t₂, yielding a change in T_c, and also in Δ₀.     

Superconductivity of polymers with charge injection doping

We show that conductivity measurements on sandwiches of a polymer between normal‐metal and superconducting‐metal electrodes can be interpreted in terms of intrinsic superconductivity due to injection of charge into the polymer.