黄花棘豆化学成分的研究Ⅱ.两种三萜皂苷的结构

从黄花棘豆的总皂苷中分离出两个新皂苷1和2。经光谱分析及化学方法确证,1为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B;2为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡哺糖基(1→2)-α-L-阿拉伯吡哺糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B。     

黄花棘豆化学成分的研究II:两种三萜皂苷的结构

从黄花棘豆的总皂苷中分离出两个新皂苷1和2.经光谱分析及化学方法确证,1为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B;2为3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸基]-黄豆醇B.     

中药白头翁的皂苷 Ⅳ.主皂苷B_4和A_3结构的研究

白头翁皂苷B_4(1)经波谱及化学降解证实为双链苷,其结构为3(S),23-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸的3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基]-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷。白头翁皂苷A_3(6)为与1具有相同3-O-糖链结构的单链苷。     

中药白头翁的皂苷IV:主皂苷B4和A3结构的研究

白头翁皂苷B4(1)经波谱及化学降解证实为双链苷, 其结构为3(S), 23-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸的3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基]-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷。白头翁皂苷A3(6)为与1具有相同3-O-糖链结构的单链苷。     

中药白头翁的皂苷IV:主皂苷B4和A3结构的研究

白头翁皂苷B4(1)经波谱及化学降解证实为双链苷, 其结构为3(S), 23-二羟基羽扇豆-20(29)-烯-28-酸的3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基]-28-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷。白头翁皂苷A3(6)为与1具有相同3-O-糖链结构的单链苷。     

两头尖化学成分研究

通过硅胶柱色谱、大孔树脂、反相柱层析及半制备型高效液相色谱等方法,从两头尖根茎中分离得到3种化合物,根据理化性质和光谱分析(ESI-MS、^1HNMR、^13CNMR、HMBC、HMQC、TOCSY、DEFT)鉴定其结构分别为：3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D．吡喃葡萄糖酯(I)、3-O-α-L吡喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→3)-O-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-α-L吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯㈣和3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→9)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基齐墩果酸28-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯（Ⅲ）,其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为新化合物,分别命名为多被银莲花皂苷14(Rad-deanoside 14),多被银莲花皂苷15(Raddeanoside 15)。化合物Ⅲ为已知化合物常春藤皂苷B。     

珠子参化学成分分析

从珠子参根茎中分离得到7个化合物. 利用核磁共振、 质谱和红外等手段, 并结合其理化性质, 鉴定了其结构, 它们分别是24(R)-珠子参苷R1, 6-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20(S)-原人参三醇、 6″-乙酰基-人参皂苷Rd、 人参皂苷Rf、 竹节参皂苷Ⅳa、 人参皂苷Rd和竹节参皂苷Ⅴ. 其中, 24(R)-珠子参苷R1和6-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-20(S)-原人参三醇为2个新化合物, 6″-乙酰基-人参皂苷Rd 和人参皂苷Rf为首次从珠子参根茎中得到.     

人参根中丙二酰基三七人参皂苷-R4的分离及其结构表征

从新鲜人参根中分离得到了1个新化合物, 根据理化性质和谱学方法并与文献报道的相关化合物的数据进行比较, 鉴定其结构为丙二酰基三七人参皂苷-R4(Malonyl-notoginsenoside-R4, 1).     

刺楸中新七糖皂苷的结构解析

从刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus(Thunb．)Koidz．树皮乙醇提取物中分离得到一种七糖三萜皂苷(1),其分子结构经化学方法和波谱分析(IR,ESI-MS,^1H NMR,^13C NMR,^1H-^1H COSY,^1H-^1H TOCSY,HMQC,HMBC)鉴定为3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷配基28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷,命名为刺皂苷Ⅰ(septemlosideⅠ)。     

云南重楼中的新甾体皂苷

从云南重楼Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis(France. )Hand.-Mazz.的干燥根茎中分离鉴定了4个甾体皂苷(1~4), 其中化合物1是新化合物, 采用波谱技术鉴定其结构为24-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-(23S,24S)-螺甾-5, 25(27)-二烯-1β,3β,23,24-四醇-1-O-β-D-吡喃木糖基(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。