Radiation chemical yields for the losses of typical functional groups in PADC films for high energy protons registered as unetchable tracks

A series of FT-IR spectrometric studies has been performed to understand the latent track structure in poly(allyl diglycol carbonate), PADC, which were exposed to proton beams with energies of 20, 30 and 70 MeV. These energies are too high to register etchable tracks in PADC. Chemical damage parameters, such as damage density, effective track core radius and radiation chemical yields, for losses of ether bond, carbonate ester bond and CH groups in PADC are evaluated as a function of the stopping power, which were compared to the previous results for 5.7 MeV proton and heavy ions, between He and Xe. Graphs of the chemical damage parameters are given at the wide stopping powers ranging from 1 to 12,000 keV/μm. The decreasing behaviors of the ether and carbonate ester bonds are on the almost identical trends with those of the heavy ions. On the contrary to this, the reducing behavior of CH groups is similar to that of the gamma rays. Different dependence of the chemical damage parameters for the loss of CH groups is found on the stopping powers between the both sides of the detection threshold as an etched track detector.     

空间站快速充电事件的机理研究

空间站等大型航天器由于采用高压太阳电池阵而引发的 带电问题成为近年来航天器带电研究领域的热点问题. 近年来观测到国际空间站(ISS)在出地影瞬间产生的"快速带电"事件 (也称"异常带电") , 再度引起了对低轨道航天器充电效应的深入研究. "快速带电"事件的特征为, 集中出现在出地影的瞬间, 在几秒内快速上升到较高电位(30—70 V), 然后在几十秒时间内缓慢衰降, 相对高压电池阵本身引起的结构体带电(称为"正常带电", 一般在30 V以下)严重得多. 目前国际上对"快速带电"的研究尚不充分. 本文在Furguson等人机理研究工作的基础上, 首次建立了描述"快速带电"事件的物理模型, 定量揭示了其充电过程的主要机理. 根据该模型对国际空间站的"快速带电"进行计算, 结果与观测到的典型充电脉冲符合, 模型预测的快速带电事件的统计规律也与观测结果基本一致. 关键词： 表面充电 等离子体 空间站 高压太阳电池阵     

Angular distribution of protons emitted from the hydrogen plasma focus

Angular distribution of emitted protons was measured. The protons were detected with NTD LR-115 placed at the specially constructed semi-spherical holder, which contains 17 different pinhole cameras. The mechanism of proton acceleration and emission are studied theoretically and experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions.     

Flux and energy distribution of axial protons emitted from the hydrogen plasma focus

Experimental results and theoretical studies show that protons from the hydrogen plasma focus are emitted predominantly in the axial direction. In this work the results of the flux and energy distribution measurements of the axial protons using CR-39 detector are presented. The main purpose of the experiment is to test the suitability of a plasma focus device as a source for (p,) nuclear reactions, especially and .     

空间站快速充电效应的物理过程及特征

“快速充电事件”是国际空间站2006年首次观测到的一种充电现象, 在出地影瞬间的1–3 s内航天器结构体被迅速充到-30–-70 V的负电位, 显著超过空间站的安全设计标准, 一度引起国际航天界的关注. 目前国际上对“快速带电”的研究尚不充分. 基于Furguson等的研究, 本文建立了快速充电的物理模型, 对快速充电的机理和规律给出了合理的解释. 计算及分析结果表明: 快速充电是在航天器出地影瞬间由高压太阳电池阵的光伏激发过程驱动的, 是一种非平衡态的充电过程; 快速充电脉冲主要是由于在太阳帆板电压的快速启动过程中帆板上 的电子充电电流未及时被玻璃盖片的充电所阻塞而导致的, 当快速充电过程达到平衡时便表现为“正常充电事件”; 快速充电的幅度主要取决于太阳帆板电压的启动时间、启动方式等, 因此表现出一定的离散性, 但随着等离子体密度的增大而衰减, 与国际空间站观测结果一致. 关键词： 表面充电 等离子体 国际空间站 高压太阳电池阵     

Fluxes of GCR and SCR iron nuclei in the international space station orbit

The anticipated flux of iron nuclei and ions in the energy interval 26–168 MeV/nucleon in the orbit of the international space station (ISS) during the exposure of the PLATAN-M dielectric track detector from January 26, 2002, to August 3, 2004, has been estimated. The calculation is based on the data obtained using the SIS spectrometer onboard the ACE space station and the last version of the model describing the penetration of charged particles into the Earth’s magnetosphere. The time variations in the GCR iron nuclei intensity in the ISS orbit during solar cycle 23 have been obtained using the data of the PLATAN-4 and PLATAN-5 earlier experiments onboard the Mir space station.     

Dose rate estimates due to gas bremsstrahlung for a photon shutter and collimator unit of the VESPERS beamline at the Canadian Light Source

A radiation shielding study against primary and secondary gas bremsstrahlung is carried out for a tungsten collimator/stop, which is one of the components employed in the VESPERS beamline at the Canadian Light Source. The dose and dose rate are obtained by calculating the energy deposition in a water phantom which surrounds the collimator/stop unit. The dose rate behind a vacuum hole of the collimator/stop which leads to the experimental hutch is closely examined. The dose rates are further investigated with the addition of a tungsten shutter that is positioned in front of the collimator/stop.     

强激光-固体靶相互作用中高能质子的研究进展

本文介绍了强激光与固体靶相互作用产生高能质子研究中的一些重要物理问题和目前面临的挑战.回顾了强激光与固体靶相互作用中高能质子研究的历史和发展状况;简要叙述了国内外关于高能质子研究的最新进展;总结、评述了高能质子研究过程中关于高能质子的起源和加速机制等问题存在的争议以及需要进一步研究的相关问题.     

等效原理空间实验检验

等效原理地面实验检验已经达到了10-13,为了进一步提高实验精度,寻找新的相互作用和检验引力理论,人们提出了一系列更高精度等效原理检验的卫星计划.文章主要概述了等效原理空间检验的原理、发展历史和发展现状,并对进一步空间等效原理检验进行了简要展望.     

等效原理空间实验检验

等效原理地面实验检验已经达到了10-13,为了进一步提高实验精度,寻找新的相互作用和检验引力理论,人们提出了一系列更高精度等效原理检验的卫星计划.文章主要概述了等效原理空间检验的原理、发展历史和发展现状,并对进一步空间等效原理检验进行了简要展望.     

“Astrometry” experiment to measure the temporal variations in the shape and diameter of the sun on the service module of the Russian segment of the international space station

The “Astrometry” project will provide coordinate—photometric monitoring of the sun’s limb shape and disk diameter with a 0.005″ accuracy and its oblateness at a ～ 10^?6 R _? level for 6 yr. The project will investigate the internal structure and dynamics of the sun and the variations of its global parameters up to the core. The project will also investigate the fine structure and dynamics of the photosphere both on the disk and at the limb. The project is scheduled to be implemented at the ascending phase of new solar cycle 24.     

空间电荷限制电流法测量共混体系中空穴的迁移率

载流子迁移率测量是有机半导体材料与器件研究中的重要内容之一.以聚噻吩为电子给体材料, C₆₀的衍生物为电子受体材料,制备了一种单电荷传输器件.用空间电荷限制电流法测出了不同溶剂形成的 活性层及不同温度热处理后器件中空穴的迁移率.结果表明:器件中电荷的传输J-V曲线符合Mott-Gurney方程, 不同溶剂形成活性层中空穴具有不同的迁移率,高沸点的溶剂1, 2-二氯苯形成的活性层具有较高的空穴迁移率, 热处理有利于器件中空穴迁移率的提高.同时还进一步分析了空穴迁移率变化的原因.     

磁绝缘线振荡器中空间电荷的辐射

 研究了磁绝缘线振荡器中空间电荷的辐射。结果包括：导出了线性区的增益公式，所得到的增益函数相对于同步失配是对称的；导出了饱和区的辐射场公式，这个公式表明，饱和辐射功率近似地与谐波电流的平方成正比。这些理论结果部分地由数值模拟证实。     

磁绝缘线振荡器中空间电荷的辐射

研究了磁绝缘线振荡器中空间电荷的辐射。结果包括：导出了线性区的增益公式,所得到的增益函数相对于同步失配是对称的;导出了饱和区的辐射场公式,这个公式表明,饱和辐射功率近似地与谐波电流的平方成正比。这些理论结果部分地由数值模拟证实。     

An experiment for the measurement of the bound- β-decay of the free neutron

The hyperfine-state population of hydrogen after the bound-β-decay of the neutron directly yields the neutrino left-handedness or a possible right-handed admixture and possible small scalar and tensor contributions to the weak force. Using the through-going beam tube of a high-flux reactor, a background free hydrogen rate of ca. 3s^-1 can be obtained. The detection of the neutral hydrogen atoms and the analysis of the hyperfine states is accomplished by Lamb shift source type quenching and subsequent ionization. The constraints on the neutrino helicity and the scalar and tensor coupling constants of the weak interaction can be improved by a factor of ten.     

Controlling the electrostatic discharge ignition sensitivity of composite energetic materials using carbon nanotube additives

Powder energetic materials are highly sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) ignition. This study shows that small concentrations of carbon nanotubes (CNT) added to the highly reactive mixture of aluminum and copper oxide (Al + CuO) significantly reduces ESD ignition sensitivity. CNT act as a conduit for electric energy, bypassing energy buildup and desensitizing the mixture to ESD ignition. The lowest CNT concentration needed to desensitize ignition is 3.8 vol.% corresponding to percolation corresponding to an electrical conductivity of 0.04 S/cm. Conversely, added CNT increased Al + CuO thermal ignition sensitivity to a hot wire igniter.     

ITER中子屏蔽结构的虚拟装配研究

国际热核实验反应堆ITER计划是一项大型国际研究合作项目。中子屏蔽结构位于真空室内、外壳之间,其作用是屏蔽中子流、降低环向磁场波纹度。中子屏蔽结构的虚拟装配需要与其设计同时进行,以便指导和改进设计。为了实现其虚拟装配,运用反装思路,通过DELMIA创建其拆卸路径来设计并仿真整个装配过程,实时分析其装配间隙,作为对模型进行优化设计的依据。所得结果满足ITER国际组对中子屏蔽结构的设计要求,并为结构的实际装配提供了参考依据。     

Freestanding conducting polyaniline film for the control of electromagnetic radiations

Electromagnetic interference is pollution generated due to dense nature of circuitry in electronic devices and is required to be control at its source. Polyaniline is an environmentally stable conducting polymer which can be cast as thin film, which can replace the corrosive metals as a shield for the control of electromagnetic radiations. In this communication we discuss our results on the preparation of flexible freestanding conducting polyaniline film of varied thickness using either p-toluenesulphonic acid (PTSA) or camphor-10-sulphonic acid as a primary dopant and 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol (CMC) as a secondary dopant. The resulting films were characterized by conductivity, scanning electron micrograph and shielding effectiveness measurements (SE). The SE measurements were carried out using co-axial transmission line method in the frequency range of 0.1–1000 MHz. We noticed that only the change of 2% in the shielding effectiveness of these films over the period of 3 years indicating the environmental stability of polyaniline films.