Characteristics of the catalytic hydrogenation of 5-methylfurfural

The hydrogenation of 5-methylfurfural in the vapor and liquid phases was studied in the presence of catalysts: Pd/C (KDF), Pd/Al₃O₃, copper-chromite (GIPKh-105) and Raney-Ni. The chief characteristics of the conversion of the aldehyde group of 5-methylfurfural depending on the nature of the catalyst and the reaction conditions were established. The greater reactivity of 5-methylfurfural in the hydrogenation reaction, compared with furfural, was revealed.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1460–1464, November, 1990.     

Syntheses based on 5-aryl-2-bromoacetylf urans

(5-Aryl-2-furyl)glyoxals and 4-(5-aryl-2-furyl) thiazoles were synthesized from 5-aryl-2-bromoacetylfurans.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 437–439, April, 1973.     

Sustainable production of biofuel precursors by aldol condensation with biomass-derived 5-methylfurfural

Renewable 5-methylfurfural was subjected to a ‘green’ base- catalyzed aldol condensation with a variety of ketones to afford the corresponding furan-containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with high yields and selectivities. The products obtained can serve as precursors for the long- chained fuel-grade liquid bio-alkanes.     

Syntheses based on anabasine

N-Phenacyl salts of acetyl-, benzoyl-, and methylanabasine were synthesized for the first time. Their reactions with unsaturated carbonyl compounds of the ethylene and acetylene series and acrylonitrile were studied. Methods for the synthesis of 6- and 8-(2-piperidyl)indolizines were developed. For Part 1, see Ref. 1. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 135–145, January, 2008.     

Syntheses based on strophanthidin

Summary With strophanthidin as starting material, 3, 5, 10, l4-tetrahydroxy-19-norandrostan-17-one has been obtained by a five-stage synthesis.     

Syntheses based on nitrile oxides

Interaction of aromatic nitrile oxides with bis-trimethylsilylthiodiimide results in 2-amino-4-aryl-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazoles, the first representatives of a new class of heterocyclic compounds.For Part 2, see ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 742–743, April, 1993.     

Syntheses based on 3,4-dimethyl-2-thioxothiazoline-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide and azide

Treatment of 3,4-dimethyl-2-thioxothiazoline-5-carboxylic acid hydrazide with NH₄SCN and PhCONCS gave the corresponding thiosemicarbazides, arylsulfochlorides yielded the arylsulfonylhydrazides, and diazotization conditions gave the corresponding azide. The interactions of the latter with different nucleophiles have been studied and a series of novel carbamic acid, urea, and semicarbazide derivatives containing a thiazoline fragment have been prepared. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 430–436, March, 2006.     

Syntheses based on norfluorocurarine. 5. NMR spectra of monomeric norfluorocurarine derivatives

NMR spectra of norfluorocurarine and seven of its derivatives were studied. The NMR spectral parameters were related to stereochemical features using molecular modeling by the semi-empirical AM1 approximation. The resulting steric characteristics of the molecules in solution agreed well with x-ray structure data. The only difference from the x-ray structure data was the ability of several substituents to rotate.     

Syntheses based on electrogenerated carbenes

Conclusions Dinitrocarbene generated in the electrochemical oxidation of dinitromethylides is inserted at C-H bonds of benzene, substituted benzenes, or cyclohexane, forming the corresponding dinitromethyl derivatives. Interaction of the dinitrocarbene with the fluoride ion under conditions of electrolysis forms fluorodinitromethane.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1094–1098, May, 1989.     

Syntheses based on 2 -prenyldi hydroresorcinol

Summary On the basis of dihydroresorcinol we prepared 2,2-dimethylchroman-5-ol, 2-prenyl-3-methyl-²-cyclohexen-1-one, 6-methyl-1-tetralone, geranylacetic acid, and 8-rnethyl-⁸-decenoic acid.     

Syntheses based on bromomethyl 1-adamantyl ketone

Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1580–1581, November, 1993.     

Syntheses based on 2-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-7-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5(5H)-one

2-Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-7-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5(5H)-one containing the active methylene group reacts easily with carbon disulfide and phenyl isothiocyanate in the presence of sodium hydride. Further alkylation of the reaction product by alkyl halides results in the formation of the corresponding 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives containing a ketene dithioacetal fragment. Deceased. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2371–2373, November, 1998.     

新型吡啶卟啉-5-氟尿嘧啶化合物的合成

新型吡啶卟啉-5-氟尿嘧啶化合物的合成;吡啶卟啉; 氟尿嘧啶; 合成     

Syntheses of 4 and 5-alkylsulfonylimidazoles

A series of isomeric 4 and 5-alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinylimidazoles 9,10 were prepared by two general methods. Chlorosulfonation of imidazole afforded 4(5)-chlorosulfonylimidazoles 2, 4, 5 . The chlorosulfonyl derivatives were reduced, alkylated and oxidized to give 9 and 10 . In the second method 2, 4, 5 were converted to sodium sulfinate 8 and reacted with alkyl halides to afford the title compound 9 .     

Syntheses based on aldehydes of the thiophene series

Summary The use of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde monoacetal in synthesis makes it possible to prepare unsymmetrical bifunctional thiophene derivatives.This article is published in accordance with a resolution of the Conference of Chief Editors of Journals of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, July 12, 1962, as a dissertation paper by V. I. Rogovik.     

Syntheses,structures, and properties of two coordination polymers based on 5-methoxyisophthalate and flexible dipyridines

Hydrothermal reactions of 5-methoxyisophthalic acid (MeO-H₂ip), 1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane (bpp) with Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O produced [Cd₂(MeO-ip)₂(bpp)₂]_n·nH₂O (1) and [Ni(MeO-ip)(bpp)(H2O)]_n·nH₂O (2), respectively. Complex 1 is a 2-D layer consisting of dinuclear Cd(II)-carboxylate units, two carboxylates of MeO-ip adopt μ₂,η²-bridging and chelating modes. MeO-ip bridges three Cd(II) ions to form a 1-D [Cd₂(MeO-ip)₂]_n chain, which is further extended into a 2-D layer by bpp in a trans,trans-conformation. However, two carboxylates of MeO-ip in 2 are monodentate and chelating to link Ni(II) into a 1-D [Ni(MeO-ip)]_n chain with bpp in a trans-gauche conformation connecting [Ni(MeO-ip)]_n chains into a two-fold interpenetrating 3-D network. Coordinated water and carboxylate oxygen from different MeO-ip form strong hydrogen bonds. The frameworks of 1 and 2 are stable below 250 and 300?°C, respectively. Luminescence indicates that 1 shows maximum emission at 375 and 450 nm upon excitation at 320 nm. Magnetic measurement of 2 suggests the presence of ferromagnetic interactions in 2.