Novel method of aromatic coupling between N-aryl methanesulfonamide and thiophene derivatives

Oxidation of N-aromatic methanesulfonamides with iodobenzene diacetate in the presence of substituted thiophene promotes interesting coupling reactions in moderate to good yields.     

Photochemical mediated reactions in five-membered O-heterocycles synthesis

Photochemical mediated synthesis in organic chemistry is a highly expanding area. This is a widely exploited area of research for the construction of new pharmaceutically significant heterocycles. Recently many reports appeared for the synthesis of heterocycles photochemically due to a wide range of biological activities associated with them. In this article, I have described the synthesis of a number of oxygen-bearing five-membered heterocycles.     

多聚氮杂环的脱氮自由基转化:C−N键的构建研究进展

多聚氮杂环化合物在有机合成、药物化学以及材料化学等领域具有重要的作用.人们已经在多聚氮杂环的修饰和可控转换领域取得了诸多突破性的研究成果.在多种多聚氮杂环转换反应中,脱氮是一类重要反应,可以快速地构建其他氮杂环或者C?N键.通常而言,多聚氮杂环化合物更易于脱氮形成金属卡宾中间体,继而发生后续串联或环化反应,但涉及自由基中间体的多聚氮杂环脱氮反应尚未得到充分关注和研究.在过去几年中,得益于现代合成手段如有机光化学合成、有机电化学合成和有机光电合成等的革新,自由基化学得到快速发展,建立了很多多聚杂环脱氮自由基串联反应,为高度复杂的杂环骨架或具有复杂杂环体系的天然产物提供了一条通用且便捷的合成路径.光催化剂在有效地将可见光中的能量转移至非吸收化合物方面的应用越来越受到关注,该方法可温和而有效地生成自由基,以新的方式形成化学键.此外,啉钴与卟啉铁催化剂在多聚杂环的脱氮反应中亦展现出较好的催化性能.本文综述了多聚氮杂环的脱氮自由基转化(C?N键的构建)领域的最新进展,重点讨论了脱氮生成自由基的方法与串联模式和反应机理,分析了存在的挑战.本文还根据反应底物的类别从四个模块展开讨论:(1)苯并三嗪和苯并噻三嗪的自由基脱氮串联反应;(2)苯并三氮唑的自由基脱氮串联反应;(3)吡啶三氮唑与四氮唑的脱氮反应;(4)3-氨基吲唑的自由基脱氮反应.综上,研究者们通过多聚氮杂环的脱氮自由基转化(C?N键的构建)的方法合成了一些重要的药物分子及其前体,并证明了该方法具有潜在的应用价值.未来,将多聚氮杂环脱氮反应应用于活性天然产物合成与修饰是非常可行的.     

Paving the Way to Novel Phosphorus‐Based Architectures: A Noncatalyzed Protocol to Access Six‐Membered Heterocycles

Phosphorus‐based heterocycles provide access to materials with properties that are inaccessible from all‐carbon architectures. The unique hybridization of phosphorus gives rise to electron‐accepting capacities, a large variety of coordination reactions, and the possibility of controlling the electronic properties through phosphorus postfunctionalization. Herein, we describe a new noncatalyzed synthetic protocol to prepare fused six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles. In particular, we report the synthesis of novel phosphaphenalenes. These fused systems exhibit the benefits of both five‐ and six‐membered phosphorus heterocycles and enable a series of versatile postfunctionalization reactions. This work thus opens up new horizons in the field of conjugated materials.     

Benzylic arylation of 2-methyl-5-membered heterocycles using TMP-bases

A new general Pd-catalyzed arylation of various 2-methyl-5-membered heterocycles is reported. This novel method requires Li-, Mg-, or Zn-TMP bases and allows selective metalation of the benzylic position. Subsequent Negishi cross-coupling provides the corresponding arylated heterocycles.     

Intramolecular sila-Matteson rearrangement: a general access to silylated heterocycles

A series of new silylated heterocycles has been efficiently prepared using an intramolecular silicon version of the Matteson rearrangement, providing two isomers of binuclear heterocycles. This method applies to a large variety of substrates, a direct relationship between the Hammett constants of the aromatic substituents and the isomer ratio being observed. Complementary experiments suggest that a common pentaorganosilicate species is involved.     

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dioxanes and Other Oxa‐Heterocycles by Oxetane Desymmetrization

A new asymmetric synthesis of chiral 1,4‐dioxanes and other oxa‐heterocycles has been developed by means of organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of oxetanes. This mild process proceeds with exceedingly high efficiency and enantioselectivity to establish the quaternary stereocenters. This method complements the existing, yet limited, strategies for the synthesis of these oxa‐heterocycles.     

Recent advances in iron(III) chloride catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles

Heterocyclic compounds particularly five, six and seven membered ring containing heterocycles are the most abundant which constitute a staggeringly diverse and important class of molecules that occur ubiquitously in a variety of synthetic drugs, bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Owing to the glorious past and impressive present of the biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds, these skeletons have long been a subject of immense interest. Hence, substantial efforts have been made to the development of new and innovative synthetic strategies for the synthesis of these heterocycles involving use of different metal catalysts, organic and inorganic reagents etc. Among the different types of metal catalysts used, iron catalysts are one of the cheap and easily available. In recent time, several new and innovative iron(III) chloride catalyzed synthesis of heterocycles with structural diversity are coming in the forefront of the literature by the scientific community. This review highlights the advancements made so far by iron(III) chloride for the synthesis of different assemblies of small heterocycles covering the year 2014–2018.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles

The development of new strategies for synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. In the last few years, the application of microwave irradiation has greatly facilitated the construction of such heterocyclic ring systems through a myriad of different synthetic approaches. This feature article illustrates the progress made in the microwave-assisted synthesis of medium-sized heterocycles with an emphasis on examples describing the use of a dedicated microwave synthesizer.     

Synthesis and reactions of some heterocyclic azacyanines

The one-step reaction of some amino-substituted heterocycles with diiodomethane to give azacyanines is reported. This useful reaction is of wider application than initially reported and includes the synthesis of new substituted pyrido-, isoquino-, benzimadazo-, and benzothiazoazacyanines 7. Furthermore, treatment of these azacyanines with base generally affects a facile opening of the dihydrotriazinium ring resulting in the formation of new heterocycles 10, 11, and 12, which would be difficult to prepare by other means. This reaction takes an additional direction in the case of halo-substituted azacyanines 7b/c/d where treatment with base gives rise to new interesting derivatives of dipyridotriazines 14b/c/d.     

Palladium-catalyzed regioselective C-S bond cleavage of thiophenes

Herein, a Pd-catalyzed reaction of simple and diverse bromothiophenes with alkynes via regioselective C-S bond activation is reported. This provides a new approach to prepare sulfur-based heterocycles and fulvenes.     

Benign Approaches for the Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Five‐membered 1,2‐N,N‐heterocycles

The development of new strategies for the synthesis of small‐sized heterocycles has remained a highly attractive but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of two nitrogen atoms containing five‐membered heterocyclic compounds is presented, focusing on the developments in the last 5–10 years. This contribution covers the literature concerning the total synthesis of five‐membered 1,2‐N,N‐heterocycles.     

Preparation of new polyfunctional magnesiated heterocycles using a chlorine-, bromine-, or iodine-magnesium exchange

The reaction of heteroaryl iodides with i-PrMgBr (ca. 1.0 equiv) in THF provides the corresponding magnesiated heterocycles. Functional groups such as an ester, cyano, or chloride functions are tolerated in these new Grignard reagents if the exchange can be performed below -20 degrees C. This is the case for all heterocycles bearing electron-withdrawing groups or chelating functions facilitating the iodine-magnesium exchange. In many cases, the exchange can be extended to heteroaryl bromides, and a case of a chlorine-magnesium exchange is described with tetrachlorothiophene. This new preparation of functionalized heteroarylmagnesium compounds provides after reaction with various electrophiles a new entry to a broad range of polyfunctional pyridines, imidazoles, furanes, thiophenes, pyrroles, antipyrines, and uracil derivatives. The application of the halogen-magnesium exchange in the solid phase allows the performance of solid-phase synthesis, with potential applications for combinatorial chemistry.     

Metalated Porous Phenanthroline-Based Polymers as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Regioselective C−H Activation of Heteroarenes

Direct C−H bond activation of heterocycles as a step-economical and environmentally friendly approach to build the heterobiaryls motifs is highly attractive, but it still has a challenge to design and prepare a cheap and regioselective heterogeneous catalyst. To tackle this challenge, we have introduced Ni species into a porous phenanthroline-based organic polymer donated as POP-Phen@Ni. This heterogeneous catalyst shows excellent catalytic performances in regioselective C−H activation of heterocycles, even better than those of the corresponding homogenous catalyst. H/D exchange experiments show that the lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiHMDS), a base added in the reaction, play a very important role during the reaction processes. We believe that this heterogeneous catalyst would open a new door for design of heterogeneous catalysts to efficiently catalyze the regioselective C−H activation of heterocycles.     

An Alkyne Diboration/6π‐Electrocyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Pyridine Boronic Acid Derivatives

A new and efficient synthesis of pyridine‐based heteroaromatic boronic acid derivatives is reported through a novel diboration/6π‐electrocyclization strategy. This method delivers a range of functionalized heterocycles from readily available starting materials.     

Etude par RMN de composés organiques contenant des chalcogènes—IX.* RMN du 13C dans des dérivés aromatiques du tellurényle

In order to synthesize new tellurium heterocycles, we prepared o-halogenotellurobenzoyl chlorides. We present and discuss here the results of a ¹³C NMR study of these compounds, together with other intermediates that we have isolated during our synthesis and two new tellurium heterocycles.     

1,1'-(3-methyl-4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)diethanone as a building block in heterocyclic synthesis. Novel synthesis of some pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives

A series of new bis(heterocycles) featuring thieno[2,3-b]thiophene rings was synthesized in a combinatorial manner. Intramolecular cyclization of enaminone derivatives with appropriate N-nucleophiles afforded the target compounds. All compounds were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, GCMS, IR, and UV-Vis spectrometry. These compounds represent a new class of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles that should also be of interest as new materials.     

Strained heterocycles in radical chemistry

Over the last few decades the use of radicals in synthesis has witnessed an explosive growth through introduction of efficient chain and electron-transfer reactions. Strained heterocycles, in particular, have emerged as a highly versatile and readily available class of radical precursors. The generation of carbinyl radicals of heterocycles has resulted in many elegant applications of heteroatom-centered radicals, such as beta fragmentations, cyclizations, and intramolecular hydrogen atom abstractions. Direct electron transfer to strained heterocycles has been realized through the use of arene radical anions. The method combines the virtues of radical and organometallic chemistry to yield useful functionalized organolithium compounds. Epoxides have been opened with high regioselectivity by titanocene(III) reagents in either stoichiometric or catalytic quantities to yield beta-titanoxy radicals. This development has resulted in many new applications in natural product synthesis.     

Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Diynes with Nitrones: A Formal [2+2+5] Approach to Bridged Eight‐Membered Heterocycles

N‐aryl‐substituted nitrones were employed as five‐atom coupling partners in the rhodium‐catalyzed cyclization with diynes. In this reaction, the nitrone moiety served as a directing group for the catalytic C? H activation of the N‐aryl ring. This formal [2+2+5] approach allows rapid access to bridged eight‐membered heterocycles with broad substrate scope. The results of this study may provide new insight into the chemistry of nitrones and find applications in the synthesis of other heterocycles.