Parallel kinetic resolution of tert-butyl (RS)-3-oxy-substituted cyclopent-1-ene-carboxylates for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-oxy-substituted cispentacin and transpentacin derivatives

tert-Butyl (RS)-3-methoxy- and (RS)-3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-cyclopent-1-ene-carboxylates display excellent levels of enantiorecognition in mutual kinetic resolutions with both lithium (RS)-N-benzyl-N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)amide and lithium (RS)-N-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)amide. A 50 : 50 pseudoenantiomeric mixture of lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)amide and lithium (R)-N-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)amide allows for the efficient parallel kinetic resolution of the tert-butyl (RS)-3-oxy-substituted cyclopent-1-ene-carboxylates, affording differentially protected 3-oxy-substituted cispentacin derivatives in high yield and >98% de. Subsequent N-deprotection and hydrolysis provides access to 3-oxy-substituted cispentacin derivatives in good yield, and in >98% de and >98% ee, while stereoselective epimerisation and subsequent deprotection affords the corresponding transpentacin analogues in good yield, and in >98% de and >98% ee.     

Highly diastereoselective allylation and reduction of chiral camphor-derived α-ketoamides

The diastereoselective allylation and reduction of camphor-derived α-ketoamides to give optically enriched α-hydroxyl amides with high to excellent stereoselectivities are described. Allylation was carried out using allyltributylstannane in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a Lewis acid to afford the desired homoallylic alcohols in relatively high chemical yields (up to 98%) and stereoselectivities (up to 98% de). Diastereoselective reductions were performed with the relatively bulky hydride K-Selectride at −78 °C to give the corresponding α-hydroxy amides in excellent chemical yields (up to 98%) and stereoselectivities (up to 98% de). The absolute configuration of the new stereogenic center of the major diastereomer was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Finally, stereochemical induction and the Lewis acid dependent reversal of stereoselectivity is described.     

A highly enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 1,2-dihydropyridine using a simple β-amino alcohol organocatalyst for a practical synthetic methodology of oseltamivir intermediate

An easily prepared chiral amino alcohol catalyst was found to provide an efficient synthetic intermediate of oseltamivir with excellent chemical yield and enantioselectivity (up to 98% yield and up to 98% ee) in enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions of 1,2-dihydropylidines with acroleins.     

Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric aza‐Friedel–Crafts/N,O‐Acetalization Domino Reactions Between 2‐Naphthols and Pyrazolinone Ketimines

N‐Boc ketimines derived from pyrazolin‐5‐ones were explored to develop an unprecedented domino aza‐Friedel–Crafts/N,O‐acetalization reaction with 2‐naphthols. The novel method requires a catalyst loading of only 0.5 mol % of a bifunctional squaramide catalyst, is scalable to gram amounts, and provides a new series of furanonaphthopyrazolidinone derivatives bearing two vicinal tetra‐substituted stereogenic centers in excellent yields (95–98 %) and stereoselectivity (>99:1 d.r. and 97–98 % ee ). A different reactivity was observed in the case of 1‐naphthols and other electron‐rich phenols, which led to the aza‐Friedel–Crafts adducts in 70–98 % yield and 47–98 % ee .     

A novel indene synthesis from N-phenyl-1, 1-diphenyl-2-ethylbut-3-ynylamine

When N-phenyl-1,1-diphenyl-2-ethylbut-3-ynylamine (1) is treated with 98% formic acid, 2-ethyl-1-methylene-3-phenyl-1H-indene (4, 56%) is produced whereas in 50% formic acid 2-ethyl-1,1-diphenylbut-3-yn-1-o1 (98%, 5) is obtained.     

手性螺-环丙烷化合物中手性辅基的区域性转换反应的研究

通过串联的不对称双Michael加成/分子内亲取代反应,一举得到了具有四个新手性中心的螺环/环丙烯类化合物(4).4在丙酮-5%HCl溶液中50℃下发生区域选择性单水解转换反应,得到螺[1-溴-4-羟基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.3.0]已-2,3'-(4'-亲核氧基-5'-孟氧基丁内酯)](5),化学产率53%～69%,光学纯度d.e≥98%.4在甲醇/TsOH催化下,实现了区域选择性单醇解转换反应,得到螺[1-溴-4-甲氧基-5-氧杂-6-氧代双环[3.1.0]已烷-2,3'-(4'-亲核氧基-5'-孟氧基丁内酯)](6),化学产率50%～78%,光学纯度d.e.≥98%.经元素分析,[α]D^20,UV,IR,1^HNMR,13^CNMR,MS以及X射线四圆衍射测定,确认了它们的化学结构。     

A highly organocatalytic stereoselective double Michael reaction: efficient construction of optically enriched spirocyclic oxindoles

An effective double Michael reaction has been disclosed to access spirocyclic oxindoles in high yields (up to 98%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).     

Concise asymmetric synthesis of (−)-herbertenediol

The rearrangement of the optically active 3-aryl-2-methyl-2,3-epoxy tosylate (>98% ee) afforded the α-keto tosylate with a chiral quaternary carbon center and without loss of chirality. Reductive removal of the tosyloxy group gave the keto compound with a chiral quaternary carbon center, which was converted to (−)-herbertenediol (>98% ee).     

Cu(I)-catalyzed highly exo-selective and enantioselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with acrylates

[reaction: see text] A novel Cu(I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with acrylates has been developed. Up to 98/2 exo/endo selectivity and up to 98% enantiomeric excess have been achieved.     

Bis(alk-4-enyl)zink-verbindungen durch addition von alk-2-enylzink an olefine

The dialk-2-enylzinc compounds I–IV add to ethylene, oct-1-ene and 3,3-dimethylcyclopropene to give the corresponding di-alk-4-enylzinc compounds VI–IX (88–98% yield), XV and XVI (90–94% yield), XVII (7%) and XXIIIa–XXVIa (91–98% yield). Additions to XIII are regioselective with Zn → C(1) while stereoselective cis-addition to XXII is observed.     

The dienolate aldol reaction of (E)-N-crotonoyl C(4)-isopropyl SuperQuat: asymmetric synthesis of α-vinyl-β-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives and conversion to α-ethylidene-β-hydroxyesters (β-substituted Baylis-Hillman products)

The synthesis of α-vinyl-β-hydroxyesters and α-ethylidene-β-hydroxyesters (β-substituted Baylis-Hillman products) via the dienolate aldol reaction of (E)-N-crotonoyl C(4)-isopropyl SuperQuat is described. High levels of syn-diastereoselectivity (up to >98% de) are observed for the dienolate aldol reaction with boron enolates, generated either directly with Bu₂BOTf or by transmetalation of the potassium enolate with B-bromocatecholborane. Cleavage of the resultant syn-aldol products from the auxiliary gives α-vinyl-β-hydroxyesters in >98% de and >98% ee. Subsequent isomerisation of the double bond into conjugation provides α-ethylidene-β-hydroxyesters (β-substituted Baylis-Hillman products) in high diastereo- and enantiopurity (≥91:9 [(E):(Z)] and >98% ee).     

Development of technique for synthesis of methyl(β-oxyethyl) sulfide by the reaction of ethylene oxide with methyl mercaptan

Reaction of ethylene oxide with methyl mercaptan in the presence of a catalyst, a solution of potassium hydroxide in methyl(β-oxyethyl) sulfide, was studied. Various technological procedures for synthesis of methyl(β-oxyethyl) sulfide were analyzed. The process conditions providing a 98–99% conversion of the starting reagents at a selectivity of 97–98% were suggested.     

Dual Pd and CuFe2O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in a core/shell silica microsphere for selective hydrogenation of arylacetylenes

A dual catalyst containing Pd and CuFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles in a silica shell exhibits >98% conversion of arylacetylenes to related styrenes with selectivity greater than 98%, which are better than those obtained using a commercial Lindlar catalyst. The excellent synergy was likely a result of the proximal interaction between Pd and CuFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles.     

梨果及土壤中亚胺唑及其代谢物的气相色谱分析

介绍了杀菌剂亚胺唑及其代谢物ＩＢＣ－０１在梨果实及土壤样品内的提取、净化方法以及气相色谱的分析测定方法。保留时间：亚胺唑为３８．３６ｍｉｎ，ＩＢＣ－０１为１７．０１ｍｉｎ。变异系数：亚胺唑为０．４５％～１５．５３％，ＩＢＣ－０１为３．０３％～９．５２％。回收率：亚胺唑为８８．２８％～９８．５％，ＩＢＣ－０１为８４．９８％～９８．１３％。     

Asymmetric synthesis of (1R,2S,3R)-3-methylcispentacin and (1S,2S,3R)-3-methyltranspentacin by kinetic resolution of tert-butyl (+/-)-3-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylate

Conjugate addition of lithium dibenzylamide to tert-butyl (+/-)-3-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylate occurs with high levels of stereocontrol, with preferential addition of lithium dibenzylamide to the face of the cyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated acceptor anti- to the 3-methyl substituent. High levels of enantiorecognition are observed between tert-butyl (+/-)-3-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylate and an excess of lithium (+/-)-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylamide (10 eq.) (E > 140) in their mutual kinetic resolution, while the kinetic resolution of tert-butyl (+/-)-3-methylcyclopentene-1-carboxylate with lithium (S)-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylamide proceeds to give, at 51% conversion, tert-butyl (1R,2S,3R,alphaS)-3-methyl-2-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylaminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate consistent with E > 130, and in 39% yield and 99 +/- 0.5% de after purification. Subsequent deprotection by hydrogenolysis and ester hydrolysis gives (1R,2S,3R)-3-methylcispentacin in > 98% de and 98 +/- 1% ee. Selective epimerisation of tert-butyl (1R,2S,3R,alphaS)-3-methyl-2-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylaminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate by treatment with KO'Bu in 'BuOH gives tert-butyl (1S,2S,3R,alphaS)-3-methyl-2-N-benzyl-N-alpha-methylbenzylaminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate in quantitative yield and in > 98% de, with subsequent deprotection by hydrogenolysis and ester hydrolysis giving (1S,2S,3R)-3-methyltranspentacin hydrochloride in > 98% de and 97 +/- 1% ee.     

A chiral Ag-based catalyst for practical, efficient, and highly enantioselective additions of enolsilanes to alpha-ketoesters

A Ag-based chiral catalyst promotes efficient and highly enantioselective aldol additions of ketone-derived enolsilanes to alpha-ketoesters in the presence of a readily available amino acid-based ligand and commercially available AgF2. alpha-Ketoester substrates may bear alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl substituents; reactions proceed to >98% conversion to afford the desired tertiary alcohols in 61->98% isolated yield and 60-96% ee. In contrast to previously reported approaches, highest enantioselectivities are observed with sterically demanding substrates, and reactions can be carried out in undistilled solvent, in air with as little as 1 mol % catalyst.     

3-（Diphenylphosphino）propanoic acid： An efficient ligand for the Cu-catalyzed N-arylation of imidazoles and 1H-pyrazole with aryl halides

3-(Diphenylphosphino)propanoic acid(L2) has proved to be an efficient ligand for the copper-catalyzed C–N coupling reactions.N-arylation of imidazoles with aryl iodides catalyzed by CuCl/L2 was smoothly carried out in DMSO at 100 8C with a yield up to 98%.N-arylation of 1H-pyrazole with aryl iodides and bromides catalyzed by Cu(OAc)2/L2 in 1 4-dioxane also gave the corresponding products with yields of40%–98%.     

Highly efficient and enantioselective Michael addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins catalyzed by chiral bifunctional organocatalyst bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors

A new efficient catalyst system for the asymmetric addition of acetylacetone to nitroolefins using a chiral bifunctional organocatalyst bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors was developed. When using the organocatalyst 2c derived from natural cinchona alkaloid in optimal conditions, up to 98% chemical yield and 98% ee were observed with a variety of aromatic nitroolefins.     

Asymmetric synthesis of alpha-amino acids: preparation and alkylation of monocyclic iminolactones derived from alpha-methyl trans-cinnamaldehyde

Two novel chiral monocyclic iminolactones 14a and 14b have been prepared. The chiral auxiliary 12 was obtained from alpha-methyl-trans-cinnamaldehyde through reduction, methylation, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and oxidation in 87% overall yield. Esterification of compound 12 with the respective protected amino acids followed by deprotection and cyclization provided the corresponding iminolactones, each in 82% overall yield. Alkylation of the iminolactone 14a afforded the alpha-methyl-alpha,alpha-disubstituted products 15 and 16 in good yields (78-99%) and excellent diastereoselectivity (de >98%). Alkylations of the iminolactone 14b furnished the alpha-benzyl-alpha,alpha-disubstituted products 15a, 16b, 17, and 18 in good yields (51-86%) but moderate diastereoselectivities (43-56%). When HMPA or DMPU was used as a cosolvent, the rate of alkylation of the iminolactone 14b was accelerated with improved yields (56-99%) and diastereoselectivities (50-83%). Hydrolysis of the dialkylated iminolactones yielded the alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acids in good yields (80-98%) and high enantiomeric excesses (98-99%) with good recovery of compound 12 (83-92%).