CS_2飞秒超快非线性特性的实验研究

采用中心波长800 nm、脉宽30 fs的超短激光脉冲,通过飞秒光开关技术对CS_2的飞秒超快非线性特性进行了实验研究.在探测光强与抽运光强比为1∶10时,得到了较理想的光克尔时间分辨曲线.通过实验测定的光克尔信号强度与激发光和探测光偏振方向夹角的依赖关系表明:30 fs的超短激光脉冲激发CS_2的克尔信号主要是源于光诱导双折射效应,而非用200 fs的超短激光脉冲时来自瞬态栅的自衍射效应.     

翠绿亚胺碱的超快光克尔和光致吸收效应

报道了在飞秒染料激光脉冲作用下对翠绿亚胺碱（ＥＢ）的二甲基甲酰胺溶液的瞬态共振光克尔和光致吸收效应的研究．时间分辨的光克尔实验表明，翠绿亚胺碱溶液的光克尔信号仅表现一超快响应的成分，可归结为其基态和由于单光子共振吸收和双光子吸收产生的激发态的各振动能级与转动能级之间的弛豫过程．同时通过拟合计算分别给出了翠绿亚胺碱溶液的弛豫时间和三阶非线性极化率．抽运探测实验结果表明，翠绿亚胺碱分子的超快响应的光致吸收效应，主要来自于导致该分子中苯环结构π—π^*跃迁的双光子吸收的贡献． 关键词：     

Energy-scalable pulsed mid-IR source using orientation-patterned GaAs

Coherent mid-IR sources based on orientation-patterned GaAs (OPGaAs) are of significant interest in diverse scientific, medical, and military applications. The generation of long-wavelength mid-IR beams in OPGaAs using optical parametric oscillation exhibits limitations in the obtainable pulse energy and peak power. The master oscillator power amplifier concept is demonstrated in OPGaAs, by which a mid-IR source based on optical parametric oscillation can be scaled to high energy by amplification of the output of the optical parametric oscillator in an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). A fivefold increase in the pulse energy is obtained using this method by amplifying 3.85μm pulses in an OPGaAs OPA pumped by a Th,Ho:YLF Q-switched laser.     

Zonal model of nonstationary self-focusing of femtosecond laser radiation in air: effective beam characteristics evolution

The generic scenario of intense femtosecond laser pulse propagation in the air from the viewpoint of evolution of its integral effective parameters (energy transfer coefficient, effective radius, effective duration, limiting angular divergence) is considered. The analysis of variation of the effective parameters along the propagation path in the single and multiply filamentation scenarios based on numerical calculations is presented. It is shown that the process of self-action of the ultrashort radiation is characterized by the formation in a medium of the nonlinearity layer, after which optical pulse propagates quasi-linearly with the limiting angular divergence that depends mainly on initial pulse power. The effective pulse temporal duration and the effective beam radius increase after the passage through the nonlinearity layer, and their values are mostly determined by the initial beam power also. The coefficient of energy transmission of femtosecond laser radiation is lower than in the linear medium and has a tendency to decrease with the increase of the pulse power.     

聚芳香杂环甲烯的三阶非线性光学效应与时间分辨光克尔效应

合成了一系列聚芳香杂环甲烯,包括聚吡咯甲烯和聚噻吩甲烯.采用四波混频法研究材料的共振三阶非线性光学效应(λ＝532nm),其共振二阶超分子极化率γ三阶非线性光学系数分别达到10^-30esu和10^-8esu.选择具有良好溶解性、成膜性的聚吡咯对二甲氨基苯甲烯(PPDMAB),采用飞秒时间分辨光克尔效应方法研究材料的非共振三阶非线性光学效应(λ=790nm).实验表明,翠绿亚胺碱溶液的光克尔信号仅表现一超快响应的成分,归功于π电子云扭转产生的非共振激发.PPDMAB的非共振二阶超分子极化率γ三阶非线性光学系数分别达到γ=5.78×10^-32esu和χ⁽³⁾=1.26×10^-10esu.     

Transient grating study of the intermolecular dynamics of liquid nitrobenzene

Femtosecond time-resolved transient grating(TG) technique is used to study the intermolecular dynamics in liquid phase. Non-resonant excitation of the sample by two crossing laser pulses results in a transient Kerr grating, and the molecular motion of liquid can be detected by monitoring the diffraction of a third time-delayed probe pulse. In liquid nitrobenzene(NB), three intermolecular processes are observed with lifetimes of 37.9±1.4 ps, 3.28±0.11 ps, and 0.44±0.03 ps, respectively. These relaxations are assigned to molecular orientational diffusion, dipole/induced dipole interaction, and libration in liquid cage, respectively. Such a result is slightly different from that obtained from OKE experiment in which the lifetime of the intermediate process is measured to be 1.9 ps. The effects of electric field on matter are different in TG and optical Kerr effect(OKE) experiments, which should be responsible for the difference between the results of these two types of experiments. The present work demonstrates that TG technique is a useful alternative in the study of intermolecular dynamics.     

Entwicklung leistungsfähiger Stickstofflaser mit abgeschmolzenem Laserrohr

For an increase of the laser pulse energy from longitudinally excited multiple electrodes tubes, experiments and model calculations have been accomplished. A variation of the electrode spacing in the laser tube has shown, that a maximum pulse energy could be achieved with about 40 mm electrode spacing. If barium titanat capacitors with a dielectric constant of 10000 in the pulse forming unit were applied, a voltage pulse transform occured enabling an increase of the laser power up to 50%. With a sealed off operated laser tube of 100 cm active length, a laser peak power of 600 kW and a pulse duration of 10 ns could be achieved. A tube with 200 cm active length generated a pulse power of 1.2 MW. The decrease of laser pulse energy with increasing pulse repetition rate can be explained by the decrease of impulse breakdown voltage. For an increase of the lifetime of laser tubes, appropriate technologies for the production of the tube have been developed.     

光电导开关工作模式的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用二维ensemble-Monte Carlo方法模拟了直流偏置的半绝缘GaAs(SI-GaAs)光电导开关在飞秒激光脉冲触发下的两种工作模式.结果表明：当偏置电场低于耿氏电场(GaAs为4.2kV/cm)时，开关输出电脉冲呈线性模式；偏置电场超过耿氏电场但触发光脉冲能量低于光能阈值，光电导开关仍然表现出线性工作模式；当偏置电场和触发光脉冲能量都超过非线性模式(“lock-on”模式)所需阈值，开关呈现非线性模式；在光子能量较高的激光脉冲触发下，开关非线性模式所需光能阈值降低.非线性工作模式源于光生载流子发生谷间散射，并在开关体内局部区域形成高场区，电场变化大，弛豫时间长，电脉冲呈现非线性.     

Generation of surface waves by a drag current generated by a focused femtosecond pulse

A new nonlinear optical phenomenon—generation of surface waves by a drag current appearing at an inclined incidence of a focused femtosecond laser pulse—has been theoretically described. The generated waves have terahertz frequencies and their total energy increases with an increase in the effective frequency of electron–electron collisions and with a decrease in their density.     

中红外可调谐大能量飞秒脉冲激光产生

可调谐中红外飞秒光纤激光器具有非常普遍的应用,从而引起了人们的广泛关注。目前,非线性光纤中的拉曼孤子自频移效应是实现大范围可调谐飞秒脉冲激光的理想方法之一。然而,非线性光纤中其他高阶非线性效应的产生通常会限制拉曼孤子脉冲的能量提升。本文提出了利用有源掺杂光纤作为非线性介质和增益介质实现可调谐大能量中红外飞秒激光脉冲的方法。在理论上研究了有源掺杂非线性光纤中高阶孤子劈裂和孤子自频移效应的产生,以及线性增益对波长移动拉曼孤子能量、脉宽、光谱的影响。结果表明,通过为波长红移的低能量拉曼孤子提供线性增益,孤子脉冲的能量得到了显著提升且保持了其单脉冲特性,脉冲宽度为45 fs,且孤子脉冲的波长可通过所提供的增益进行大范围调谐。因此,利用有源掺杂光纤作为非线性介质是实现大能量可调谐中红外飞秒脉冲激光的一种有效方法。     

高频激光脉宽对原子光电子发射谱的影响

采用广义含时伪谱方法数值求解原子在激光脉冲作用下的动量空间含时薛定谔方程,研究了高频激光脉宽对原子光电子发射谱的影响.数值模拟表明,随着激光脉冲宽度的增加,光电子谱干涉结构的振荡幅值逐渐减小,其最大峰值的强度和位置取决于产生有效电离的最大即时强度.通过分析光电子谱的变化规律能进一步加深对高频强场电离产生的动力学干涉效应的理解.     

High-energy femtosecond stretched-pulse fiber laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror

A stretched-pulse fiber laser with a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) that produces 100-fs pulses with 1-nJ energy is demonstrated. These results constitute a 30-fold increase in pulse energy over previously reported femtosecond fiber lasers with a NOLM. Compared with previous stretched-pulse lasers, this laser offers a cleaner spectrum and improved stability, with comparable pulse duration and energy. Implications for the construction of truly environmentally stable lasers are discussed.     

纳秒级脉冲激光自动跟踪积分式测量方法

介绍了一种纳秒级脉冲激光光斑能量分布测量电路的设计方法,采用自动跟踪积分方式,根据预测先将脉冲光电流积分并保存,然后用速度较低的A/D芯片进行A/D转换,该方法避免了采用高速A/D芯片,且可以获得较高的采样分辨率,特别是在需要采集的通道数较多时具有明显优势。     

Amplitude to phase conversion of InGaAs pin photo-diodes for femtosecond lasers microwave signal generation

When a photo-diode is illuminated by a pulse train from a femtosecond laser, it generates microwaves components at the harmonics of the repetition rate within its bandwidth. The phase of these components (relative to the optical pulse train) is known to be dependent on the optical energy per pulse. We present an experimental study of this dependence in InGaAs pin photo-diodes illuminated with ultra-short pulses generated by an Erbium-doped fiber based femtosecond laser. The energy to phase dependence is measured over a large range of impinging pulse energies near and above saturation for two typical detectors, commonly used in optical frequency metrology with femtosecond laser based optical frequency combs. When scanning the optical pulse energy, the coefficient which relates phase variations to energy variations is found to alternate between positive and negative values, with many (for high harmonics of the repetition rate) vanishing points. By operating the system near one of these vanishing points, the typical amplitude noise level of commercial-core fiber-based femtosecond lasers is sufficiently low to generate state-of-the-art ultra-low phase noise microwave signals, virtually immune to amplitude to phase conversion related noise.     

Effect of laser treatment on the optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films

In this work, the effect of laser pulse treatment on the optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films has been studied experimentally. The second harmonic of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm and 6 ns pulse width with 10 Hz repetition rate was used to modify the surface of red-BS-dye-doped PMMA films. Samples were ablated with 50 and 100 laser pulses. Optical reflectance and transmittance spectra were obtained in the range of 200–2000 nm. The optical properties of the films were influenced by the pulse number significantly. The oscillator and dispersion energies of the films were determined using the Wemple-Didomenico model. The optical band gap energy was extracted using the Tauc method. Results show that the optical parameters of the films were changed significantly after laser treatment.     

光学薄膜激光诱导损伤机理研究

基于电子密度演化模型,借助数值方法,研究了飞秒激光作用下光学薄膜内的电子密度演化过程,讨论了初始电子密度Ni和激光脉冲宽度τ对光学薄膜激光损伤阈值Fth的影响,分析了激光诱导薄膜损伤过程中MPI和AI的性质和作用.研究结果表明,对应于一定的脉宽,存在一个临界初始电子密度,当Ni低于这一临界密度时,Fth不受Ni影响;当Ni高于临界密度时,Fth随Ni增加而降低.临界初始电子密度随着脉宽的减小而增加。对于FS和BBS介质薄膜,Fth随脉宽的增加而升高。初始电子密度Ni对BBS中的MPI和AI基本没有影响;同样Ni对FS中的AI基本不产生影响,但当Ni>1011 cm－3时,FS中MPI电子密度随Ni增加而降低.在所研究的脉宽范围τ∈［0.01,5］ps,AI是FS介质激光诱导损伤的主要机制.而对于BBS,当脉宽τ∈［0.03,5］ps,AI是激光诱导损伤的主要机制;当脉宽τ∈［0.01,0.03］ps,MPI在激光诱导损伤中占主导地位.     

Temperature response in participating media with anisotropic scattering caused by pulsed lasers

It is not by isotropic scattering but by anisotropic scattering that radiant energy is redistributed in some materials containing real particles, fibers, or impurities. In some instances, great difference can be caused in transient thermal behavior between isotropic scattering and anisotropic scattering media. Ray tracing method combined with Hottel's zonal method is introduced to deduce thermal radiative source term for various optical boundary conditions induced by collimated incidence passing through translucent boundary. Temperature response caused by laser pulse at non-incident side of participating and anisotropic scattering media is examined. We investigate effects of scattering albedo, scattering phase function, initial temperature of media and thickness of media on temperature response. Results obtained for anisotropic scattering media are compared with those for isotropic scattering one and show that anisotropic scattering must be considered in the simulating measurement of thermophysical properties by the laser flash method for some materials with big scattering albedo which behave anisotropically, or big error will be introduced; forward scattering can increase excess temperature and backward scattering can decrease it at non-incident side of the considered sample irradiated by laser pulse.     

Optimization of highly efficient terahertz generation in lithium niobate driven by Ti:sapphire laser pulses with 30 fs pulse duration

We systematically study the optimization of highly efficient terahertz(THz) generation in lithium niobate(LN)crystal pumped by 800 nm laser pulses with 30 fs pulse duration. At room temperature, we obtain a record optical-to-THz energy conversion efficiency of 0.43% by chirping the pump laser pulses. Our method provides a new technique for producing millijoule THz radiation in LN via optical rectification driven by joule-level Ti:sapphire laser systems, which deliver sub-50-fs pulse durations.     

多通道软X射线Dante谱仪标定及实验

介绍了用于阳加速器上Z箍缩内爆实验诊断的Dante谱仪的结构和通道配置,详细讨论了X射线二极管、掠入射平面反射镜和滤片等主要元器件的标定结果,分析了标定结果与理论计算发生偏差的原因,给出了喷气Z箍缩等离子体辐射的测量结果,X光辐射功率30～40 GW,能量约0.8 kJ,并与闪烁体光电管测量结果进行了比较,差异约20%。     

激光诱导Ti等离子体电子温度的实验研究

室温,常压下,利用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器产生的波长为1 064 nm, 脉宽12 ns,能量分别180, 230和280 mJ的脉冲激光冲击Ti靶,使用中阶梯光栅光谱仪检测了三种激光能量下对应的光谱。调节延时器DG645的延迟时间,检测了延迟0～500 ns时间范围内Ti等离子体对应激光能量下的发射光谱,分析光谱,可以得到了九条不同的的TiⅠ 和TiⅡ等离子体谱线,证明在该实验条件下,Ti靶能够充分吸收能量电离且离子谱线具有不同的演化速率,利用Saha-Boltzmann法计算并分析Ti等离子体电子温度,实验结果表明：相同的延迟时间,激光能量越大,谱线相对强度越大,电子温度越高,谱线相对强度的变化量随激光能量的变化量增大而增大;在延时0～150 ns内,三种激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线的相对强度都随延迟时间的增加而快速下降,其中280 mJ激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线强度下降速率较快;在150～250 ns范围内,电子温度和谱线强度均随延迟时间的增加有一个缓慢的上升,180 mJ激光能量下的等离子体电子温度和谱线强度的上升速率较快。250～500 ns范围内,三种激光能量下的电子温度和谱线强度均随延迟时间的增加而缓慢下降。