Two-boson Realizations of the Polynomial Angular Momentum Algebra and Some Applications

In this paper two kinds of two-boson realizations of the polynomial angular momentum algebra are obtained by generalizing the well known Jordan–Schwinger realizations of the SU(2) and SU(1,1) algebras. Especially, for the Higgs algebra, an unitary realization and two nonunitary realizations, together with the properties of their respective acting spaces are discussed in detail. Furthermore, similarity transformations, which connect the nonunitary realizations with the unitary ones, are gained by solving the corresponding unitarization equations. As applications, the dynamical symmetry of the Kepler system in a two-dimensional curved space is studied and phase operators of the Higgs algebra are constructed.     

Determinable partitional modelling of CayleyanSU(m \leqslant n/2) \times S_n \downarrow \mathcal{G}NMRspin symmetries of isotopomeric cage-clusters: SpecificS n≥12⊃...⊃D 3 group chains,forS n -modules in high-n weak-branching limit

The use over certain modestly branched (λ ?n) partitional models of Young'sS _n -module decomposition algorithm in the high-n limit is considered for SU(m) x $SU(m) \times S_n ( \downarrow \mathcal{G})$ nuclear spin algebras associated with both NMR and ro-vibrational (R-V) aspects of specific cluster isotopomers. This approach allows additional dual-group projective mapping over simple Hilbert spaces to be derived from the natural embedding of higher finite groups in specificS _n groups, for either the original simply-reducible (SR) SU(2)-, or various related higher non-SR SU(m) xS _n , forms. The work arises from earlier interests in the NMR spin symmetry of the [¹¹B¹H] ₁₂ ^2? borohydride anions and the nature of analogous ro-vibrational (R-V) spin statistical problems for highern ≥ 12-fold clusters. Here, the role of the scalar invariants is shown to be critical in determining the spin algebras of isotopomeric clusters within Cayley's theorem for some particular depth of SU(m) branching in the SU(m) xS _n dual-group algebra. Certain additional quasi-geometric models for the full λ (≥ λ_SA (self-associate) dominant-sector set of (λ ?n) partitions-of-n are discussed, in the context of specific determinacy of natural $S_n \supset \mathcal{G}$ group embeddings at a given branching level.     

Highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescent copper sensors: Different binding affinities modulated by three separate side chains of naphthalimide

A series of compounds 1-11 with different side chains of naphthalimide as fluorescent copper sensors were designed and synthesized. Compounds 1, 9, 10 and 11 presented a high selectivity to Cu2+ in a neutral aqueous environment. Here 1, 9 and 10 showed selectivity and affinity to Cu2+ with an association constant of about ～106. It gave somewhat response to Ag+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Fe2+ while 1 detected copper. 9 and 10 displayed better selectivity by changing their hydrophobic side chains to the hydrophilic ones...     

Synthesis of pseudocyanines containing unsaturated groups at the nitrogen atom

A new method for synthesis of 1-[(2-acryloyloxyethyl)- and 1-[(2-propenyl)-2-(2-(1H)-quinolidene)-methyl]-1-ethylquinolinium iodides was proposed. The structures of the dyes obtained were studied by¹H NMR spectroscopy.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1122–1124, June, 1995.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-02-3467) and the International Science Foundation (Grant RCO 000).     

Glass/SU‐8 microchip for electrokinetic applications

In this communication, we describe the fabrication and electric characterization of a hybrid glass/SU‐8 microchannels for high‐performance electrokinetic applications. The bonding process employed SU‐8 film as intermediate layer with reduced baking times; all the procedure took less than 50 min (only about 10 min disregarding the cleaning and dehydration steps). Additionally, further steps to improve the adhesion of the substrate to the SU‐8 were not needed. The developed configuration aggregates the advantages of both substrates, including (i) simple fabrication techniques; (ii) high compatibility for integration of microelectromechanical, optical, and electrochemical components (SU‐8); (iii) high and stable electroosmotic mobility (μ_EO); and (iv) satisfactory heat dissipation capacity (glass). Electroosmotic mobilities were measured as a function of the pH using the current monitoring method, whereas the heat dissipation capacity was investigated through Ohm's law plots for both glass and glass/SU‐8 microchips. The measured μ_EO values were similar for both microdevices, with mobilities of the order of 4.0–4.5 × 10^?4 cm² V^?1 cm^?1 at 4–12 pH range using phosphate buffer (10 and 20 mmol/L). The heat dissipation assays were carried out in microchannels filled with 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer. A considerable Joule heating was observed only at electric field strengths greater than 580 V cm^?1 in hybrid glass/SU‐8 microdevices, representing a substantial increase of 48% when compared to all SU‐8 microdevices.     

Structure and catalytic mechanism of methane monooxygenase and approaches to its modelling

The mechanisms of activation of O₂ and CH₄ by methane monooxygenase (MMO) are discussed. A new concept for the catalytic cycle of MMO is suggested, and approaches to its chemical modelling are considered.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1011–1020, June, 1995.The author is grateful to Academician A. E. Shilov for interest in this work and helpful discussions. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-08529), International Scientific Foundation (Grant REU000), and INTAS (Project No. 93-315).     

Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in urinary of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

A metabonomic study on biochemical changes in the urine of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea (SU) antidiabetic drugs was performed. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) method was used to generate metabolic fingerprints for the metabonomic analysis of urinary samples obtained from 20 T2DM patients without any drug treatment and 20 T2DM patients treated with SU antidiabetic drugs and 20 normal glucose tolerance subjects. The resulting data were subjected to chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) to investigate the effect of SU antidiabetic drugs on urinary metabolite profiles of T2DM patients. Biomarkers such as xanthine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, hippurate, phenylacetylglutamine, carnitine C8:1, carnitine C10:3, uric acid and citrate were found to be responsible for the separation of T2DM and SU‐treated groups, which indicates a potential effect of SU on energy metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gut microflora metabolism and oxidative stress. The study may be helpful to the understanding of the action of mechanism of SU antidiabetic drugs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantum dynamics of dissociative adsorption of H2 on Ni(100) using the dynamical Lie algebraic method

A dynamical Lie algebraic method has been applied to treating the quantum dynamics of dissociative adsorption of H₂ on a static flat metal surface. An LEPS potential energy surface has been used to describe the interaction of H₂ with Ni(100) surface. The dependence of the initial state-selected dissociation probability was obtained analytically on the initial kinetic energy and time. A comparison with other theoretical calculations and experiments is made. The results show that the method can be effectively used to describe the dynamics of reactive gas-sdace scattering. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19694033) and partially by the State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Jilin University (Grant No. 9801).     

Modeling of the elementary step in the chemical transformation of crystals. I. Statement of the problem; description of the model

A model is proposed within the framework of activated-complex (AC) theory for analyzing the elementary chemical step (ECS) in the case of solid state reactions. By ECS is understood the synchronous restructuring (change in configuration, decomposition) of polyatomic structural units (SU) of the crystal or synchronous formation of new molecular groupings from poly- or monatomic SU. Simple physical observations lead to the conclusion that the ECS of solid state transformations does not have high molecularity. The mechanism which controls activation and deactivation is not directly considered. For activated SU that do not experience deactivation, it is suggested that interaction of these reacting SU with their surroundings in the crystal is constant throughout the course of the ECS. In conformity with this, an analysis of elementary steps of chemical transformation in crystals leads to an examination of the transformation of groupings composed of a small number of the SU of the crystal. A comparison of the ECS is carried out based on a comparison of the energies of activation (E_a) corresponding to the transformations. The E_a for various paths of transformation are evaluated by using the correlation diagram (CD) method. In a correlation analysis, experimental data for crystals should be used. Orbital symmetry and multiplicity of terms should be examined on the basis of specific quantum chemical analysis. The problem is formally reduced to a molecular one; however, the separable SU are bearers of properties of the crystal which are important for the ECS (enthalpy of formation, symmetry, electron composition, spectroscopic properties, etc.).     

A dynamical Lie algebraic mehtod for quantum reactive scattering

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Photolysis of a methanolic solution of benzyl acetate in low acoustic fields

The influence of low acoustic fields on the photolysis of benzyl acetate in solution was investigated. A change in the contributions of alternative photolysis mechanisms is caused by destruction of solvate shells.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 180–181, January, 1995.This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-02-18102).     

Simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid and its major metabolites in human serum by second-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectrometry.

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic, salicylic, gentisic and salicyluric acids (ASA, SA, GA and SU, respectively) in serum, based on their native fluorescence. The ASA-SA-GA-SU-containing serum samples are extracted with chloroform-1% acetic acid solution; ASA and SA are determined in the organic phase, and GA and SU in the aqueous phase, after removal of protein with trichloroacetic acid, at pH 5.0 and 11.6, respectively. The ASA-SA and GA-SU-SA mixtures are resolved using second-derivative fluorescence spectrometry and the appropriate empirical equations involving the effect of each acid on the signal of the other. Recoveries from sera spiked with ASA (1.0-10 micrograms ml-1), SA (25-50 micrograms ml-1), GA (0.05-0.2 micrograms ml-1) and SU (1.0-5.0 micrograms ml-1) ranged from 100 to 104% (mean 101%), from 93 to 99% (mean 97%), from 94 to 104% (mean 99%) and from 94 to 107% (mean 98%), respectively.     

Indecomposable representations and boson realizations of the nonlinear deformed angular momentum algebra of Witten’s first type

In this paper indecomposable representations and boson realizations of the nonlinear angular momentum algebra $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ of Witten’s first type are investigated in a purely algebraic manner. Explicit form of the master representation of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ on the space of its universal enveloping algebra is given. Then, from this master representation, other indecomposable representations are obtained in explicit form. Various kinds of single-boson, single inverse boson, and double-boson realizations of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ are respectively obtained by generalizing the Holstein–Primakoff realization, the Dyson realization, and the Jordan–Schwinger realization of the Lie algebras SU(2) and SU(1,1). For each kind, the unitary realization, the nonunitary realization, and their connection by the corresponding similarity transformation are respectively discussed. Using a kind of double-boson realizations, the irreducible representation of $\mathcal{R}_{q,p}^{c_1,c_2,c_3}$ in the angular momentum basis is given.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of reversible isomers of SU5416

SU5416 shows light-induced reversible geometric isomerism. A simple, reliable, isocratic HPLC method using an UV-vis detector at lambda(425nm) was developed. The method provides efficient (R(S)=3.5) analysis of the two isomers with retention of the isomeric integrity. Additionally, the method has linearity over a wide range (50-1000microg/mL, r(2)=0.99), is accurate (99-102%, RSD <4%), and reproducible (RSD <0.8%). The method was used for analyzing pharmaceutical samples and understanding the kinetics of SU5416 isomers in methanol. In addition, this method can be used for quantifying the non-isolatable E-isomer.     

Development of an SDS‐gel electrophoresis method on SU‐8 microchips for protein separation with LIF detection: Application to the analysis of whey proteins

This work describes the development of an SDS‐gel electrophoresis method for the analysis of major whey proteins (α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, and BSA) carried out in SU‐8 microchips. The method uses a low‐viscosity solution of dextran as a sieving polymer. A commercial coating agent (EOTrol LN) was added to the separation buffer to control the EOF of the chips. The potential of this coating agent to prevent protein adsorption on the walls of the SU‐8 channels was also evaluated. Additionally, the fluorescence background of the SU‐8 material was studied to improve the sensitivity of the method. By selecting an excitation wavelength of 532 nm at which the background fluorescence remains low and by replacing the mercury arc lamp by a laser in the detection system, an LOD in the nanomolar range was achieved for proteins derivatized with the fluorogenic reagent Chromeo P540. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of milk samples, demonstrating the potential of SU‐8 microchips for the analysis of proteins in complex food samples.     

A Simple Imprint Method for Multi‐Tiered Polymer Nanopatterning on Large Flexible Substrates Employing a Flexible Mold and Hemispherical PDMS Elastomer

This work reports a facile method to fabricate multi‐tiered polymer nanopatterns on SU‐8 by the combination of imprint‐ and photo‐lithography. First, SU‐8 is imprint patterned using a polymeric flexible mold with an anti‐adhesion coating that is deposited on a transparent and flexible substrate, at room temperature under low pressure. Next, the resulting SU‐8 nanopatterns are exposed to UV light through a chromium mask by a photolithographic process. Removal of the unexposed SU‐8 leaves behind multi‐tiered structures. The use of a hemispherical poly(dimethylsiloxane) pad facilitates the evacuation of trapped air during the imprinting process. Line/space patterns of 500 nm with the smallest line width of 200 nm were homogeneously imprint‐patterned on SU‐8 on a large flexible substrate, and three‐tiered structures, ranging in thickness from 300 nm to 2 µm, were successfully formed.

     

A new method for generating organosilanones

A new method for the generation of organosilanones by the reaction of betaines, R₃P⁺-CR¹R²-SiR³R⁴-S^–, with (Et₃Sn)₂O was suggested.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2246–2247, December, 1994.This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 94-03-09710.     

Preparation and characterization of Pd-Ag alloy composite membrane with magnetron sputtering

A Pd-Ag (24 wt%) alloy composite membrane was prepared by the magnetron sputtering. A γ-Al_2O_3 membrane was synthesized by the sol-gel method and used as substrate of the Pd-Ag alloy film. The process parameters of the magnetron sputtering were optimized as a function of the compactness of the Pd-Ag alloy film. The best membrane with a thickness of 1 μm was produced with a sputtering pressure of 2.7 Pa and a substrate temperature of 400℃. The membrane had an H_2/N_2 permselectivity of 51.5--1000 and an H_2 permeation rate of 0.036--1.17×10~(-5)cm~3/cm~2·s· Pa, depending on operating conditions.     

A new fluorescent sensor selective for Pb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> in water capable of two-photon-induced fluorescence measurement

A new fluorescent sensor (1) for Pb²⁺ containing a 1,4-dicyano-2,5-bis(styryl)benzene fluorophore and 2-(N,N′-bis(carboxylmethyl))amino-1-carboxylmethoxylbenzene as receptor has been synthesized. The sensor selectively responds to Pb²⁺ in the aqueous environment, and brings about similar and significant changes in one- and two-photon excited emission spectra: λ _max red-shift from 460 (519) to 590 nm. The selective response is pH-independent in a large physiological pH range, and two-photon action cross section (ϕδ) is 51 GM (1 GM = 1×10⁻⁵⁰ cm⁴·s·photon⁻¹·molecule⁻¹) at 740 nm. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20705621 & 20706008), the National Basic Research Project of China (Grant No. 2009CB724706), the Ministry of Education of China, Changjiang Scholars Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT0711) and Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project (Grant No. 707016)     

Experimental testing of molecular dynamic functions of pairs by the isotope selectivity of radical recombination

A method for experimental testing of the molecular dynamic functionf(t), which describes the generation of reencounters in a dynamic pair of molecular particles, has been developed. The method is based on the analysis of isotope separation in spin selective reactions of a radical pair. Thef(t) function derived from the solution of the diffusion equation with physically rigorous initial and boundary conditions describes experimental results much better than the well-known Noyes function. Conditions that make it possible to increase the efficiency of isotope separation in spin selective reactions are formulated.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1639–1645, September, 1995.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-03-05227).