Pressure-jump method in the dehydrogenation of propane over chromia-alumina-potassium oxide

The pressure-jump method was applied to the dehydrogenation of C₃H₈ over a Cr₂O₃–Al₂O₃–K₂O catalyst in a closed static reactor at 443°C. The rate equation proposed for initial kinetics was shown to apply to the dehydrogenation of C₃H₈.

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C₃H₈ Cr₂O₃–Al₂O₃–K₂O 443°C. , , , C₃H₈.

     

The thermal properties of carbon-silica adsorbents (carbosils) prepared by methylene chloride pyrolysis

The thermal properties of complex carbon-silica adsorbents (carbosils) were investigated using differential thermal analysis. The adsorbents were prepared by pyrolysis of methylene chloride. Pyrolysis reaction on silica surface was carried out at different temperatures (400–700 °C) and at different pressures of CH₂Cl₂ vapours. Thermal analysis was carried out in air atmosphere. The following parameters characterizing the properties of the adsorbents were determined: carbon content, specific surface area, carbon layer thickness, pore volume, mean pore radius, differential of heats of adsorption ofn-hexane and benzene, and micrographs. The correlation between topography and morphology of carbon deposits (dependent on the parameters of the pyrolysis process) and the courses of DTA and TG curves corresponding to individual carbosils have been determined.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA wurden die thermischen Eigenschaften von komplexen Kohlenstoff-Silikaadsorptionsmitteln (Carbosil) untersucht. Die Adsorptionsmittel wurden durch Pyrolyse von Methylenchlorid gefertigt. Die Pyrolyse wurde an der Oberfläche von Silika bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (400–700 °C) und bei verschiedenen CH₂Cl₂-Drücken durchgeführt. Die Thermoanalyse geschah in Luftatmosphäre. Folgende Parameter zur Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften der Adsorbenten wurden ermittelt: Kohlenstoffgehalt, spezifische Oberfläche, Kohlenstoffschichtdicke, Porenvolumen, Porendurchmesser, Ableitung der Adsorptionswärme vonn-Hexan und Benzol sowie Oberflächenmikrogramme. Es konnte der Zusammenhang zwischen Topografie und Morfologie der Kohlenstoffablagerungen (abhängig von den Parametern des Pyrolysevorganges) sowie dem Verlauf der DTA- und TG-Kurven der entsprechenden Carbosile festgestellt werden.

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- (). . (400–700°) . . : , , , , - , . , , .

     

A mathematical model of simultaneous absorption of two catalytically reacting gases

A mathematical model is suggested for the simultaneous absorption of two gases entering into a catalytic reaction in a plug-flow reactor (PFR). The effect of its parameters on the reaction process is analyzed.

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, . .

     

Studies of V?Mo?O systems with small vanadium content in acrolein oxidation

A solid solution of vanadium in MoO₃ with a solubility limit of about 3 mol.% V₂O₅ is shown to be formed. Its catalytic properties are discussed.

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MoO₃ 3 . % V₂O₅ .

     

High temperature thermal decomposition of propane

The thermal decomposition of propane has been studied by pulse chromatographic method within the temperature range of 975–1083 K. The kinetic parameters of the reaction have been determined.

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- 975–1083 . .

     

Oxidation of ethanol on platinum/alumina and copper oxide catalysts

The oxidation of ethanol on CuO, CuO/Al₂O₃ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts has been studied at various concentrations of alcohol, oxygen and water vapor in the reaction mixture. The reaction order and activation energies have been determined for both complete and partial oxidation processes. A consecutive oxidation scheme is suggested.

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CuO, CuO/Al₂O₃ Pt/Al₂O₃ , . . .

     

Preparation and properties of zeolite coating on metal surface

Crystals of mordenite were grown on metallic Cr surface by the vapor phase method. The material of zeolite coating on metal surface has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and microprobe. It is shown by the results that this material possesses good catalytic properties.

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(Cr) . . , .

     

Effect of the medium in hexacyanoferrate (III)-iodide and peroxodisulfate-iodide reaction

The kinetics of the two reactions hexacyanoferrate (III)-iodide and peroxodisulfate-iodide in several isodielectric water-cosolvent mixtures have been studied. The results can be rationalized as a consequence of the cosolventwater interaction.

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(III) -. -.

     

Effect of carbon dioxide on the catalytic oxidation of ethylene over silver. Reaction rates and composition of adsorbed layer

It has been found that when the reaction is carried out at pressures of the reaction mixture ranging from 1 to 400 Pa, small surface coverages by adsorbed oxygen, carbonate groups and irreversibly adsorbed carbon-containing particles are obtained. Rate relaxations are due to the concentration variations of adsorbed oxygen and CO_3ads groups.

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, 1–400 , , . CO₃.

     

Benzyl chloride transformation as a probe for electron transfer on Rh/TiO2 under SMSI state

Benzyl chloride transformation has been studied over Rh/TiO₂ under SMSI state to give evidence for the transfer of electrons from support to metal.

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Rh/TiO₂, . .

     

Mechanism of ring expansion in 1-ethylindane under dehydrogenation conditions

Studies of 1-ethyl-(-¹⁴C)-indane dehydroisomerization over a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst (AP-64) have revealed that 34.5% or 16.5% of the initial tracer label migrates into the -position of the expanded methylnaphthalene ring when the catalyst is pretreated at 763 K in Ar or H₂, respectively. The reaction mechanism is discussed.

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1--(¹⁴C)- -64. , 763 - 34,5% , —16,5%. .

     

Acid properties and stability of operation of vanadium catalysts in benzene oxidation to phenol

Catalytic properties of V₂O₅/SiO₂ in benzene oxidation by N₂O were examined. Sodium additive was shown to affect the catalyst operation stability.

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V₂O₅/SiO₂ N₂O. .

     

Decomposition of ammonia on rhenium I. Hydrogen adsorption on rhenium

Field emission microscopy and thermal desorption studies of hydrogen adosrption on a monocrystal tip and a polycrystalline rhenium wire indicate dissociative adsorption which proceeds with an initial sticking coefficient of S_o0.2 and an isosteric adsorption heat of about 138 kJ/mol.

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. , , S_o0.2 138 /.

     

Investigation of the interaction between zinc oxide and phosgene

It has been shown that in the interaction of zinc oxide and phosgene, the most active are the samples having oxygen vacancies. A mechanism for this process is suggested.

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, , . .

     

Oxidative polymerization of durene and diphenyl oxide in the presence of palladium(II) and heteropolyacids

The possibility of obtaining tetramers from durene or diphenyl oxide in the presence of H₅PMo₁₀V₂O₄₀, a reversible oxidant, and palladium acetate as catalyst is demonstrated.

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— H₅PMo₁₀V₂O₄₀ .

     

Morphology and structure of composite catalysts of nickel on metal-ceramic substrate

A catalyst grain is shown to consist of microparticles constituting a metal nucleus of aluminium covered by an oxide (-Al₂O₃) film. On this film a nickel-aluminium spinel is localized with metallic nickel (Ni⁰) particles on its surface. This morphological structure of catalysts accounts for the increased electron density on nickel particles and hence for the high catalytic activity in steam reforming of methane.

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, , , (-Al₂O₃). - , (Ni⁰). , , .

     

Catalytic properties of palladium oxide systems in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde

Catalytic properties of Pd black-oxide systems have been studied in hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. It has been revealed that the additions of basic and amphoteric oxides (MgO, Fe₂O₃ and ZnO) increase the hydrogenation rate of the ethylenic bond in crotonaldehyde.

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Pd-- . , (MgO, Fe₂O₃, ZnO) .

     

On the possibility of formation of Ti?Mo heteropolyacids on Ti?Mo catalysts

According to IR spectroscopic studies, a Ti–Mo heteropolyacid is formed on the surface of Ti–Mo catalysts prepared from ammonium paramolybdate and TiO₂.

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- , Ti–Mo TiO₂ Ti–Mo .