氟利昂F13在外电场中的分子特性研究

利用密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT)在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上研究了外电场(-15.43~15.43V/nm)对氟利昂F13(三氟氯甲烷,CF3Cl)分子物理和光谱特性的影响.计算结果表明,在C—Cl键连线z方向上,外电场从-15.43 V/nm逐渐增加到15.43V/nm时,分子体系能量先增大后降低,偶极矩表现为先减小后增大,能隙EG先增加后减小,C—Cl键键长逐渐增大,C—F键键长逐渐减小.外电场对CF3Cl分子红外振动光谱的频率和强度也有影响.进一步研究发现在外电场作用(0到15.43V/nm)逐渐增强下,CF3Cl分子的势能曲线束缚形态逐渐被解开,解离的势垒逐渐减小.在强度为15.43V/nm的电场作用下,CF3Cl分子将会发生C—Cl键断裂而降解,该结果为对氟利昂进行外电场降解提供重要的参考依据.     

电场中B2分子特性研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-3l1＋G(2d)方法研究在不同方向电场(0～＋0.02 a.u.)作用下的B2分子的基态键长、总能量、偶极矩、最高占据轨道(HOMO)能量、最低空轨道(LUMO)能量、能隙及势能曲线的变化规律. 结果表明: 在一定外加电场范围内, 随电场强度的增大, 分子键长变大; 总能量降低; 偶极矩增大; HOMO能级、LUMO能级均降低; 能隙依赖外电场方向, 平行分子轴(Z)方向电场使能隙递减, 垂直分子轴(X)方向电场使能隙递增; 分子势能降低, 平行分子轴线(Z)方向电场对分子势能的影响随着核间距的增大而增大, 原有的“势能平台”遭到破坏.     

外电场下氮化铝分子结构和光谱研究

以6-311＋G(2DF)为基函数, 采用密度泛函B3P86的方法研究了外电场作用下氮化铝(AlN)基态分子的几何结构、HOMO能级、LUMO能级、能隙及谐振频率. 结果表明, 外电场的大小和方向对AlN分子基态的这些性质有明显影响. 在所加的电场范围内, 随着外电场的增大分子键长减小, 谐振频率增大, 总能量升高, 在F＝0.02 a.u.时能量达到最大, 为－297.4217 a.u., 此后继续增大电场强度, 系统总能量则开始降低; EH 和EL 随着电场的增加均逐渐增大, 在 F＝0.01 a.u.时, EH 和EL均取得最大值, 分别为－0.2776和－0.0828 a.u., 随着电场的继续增大, 能级EH和EL均逐渐减小, 而能隙在外电场增大的过程中始终处于减小趋势.     

基于密度泛函理论的外电场下c-C4F8的结构及其特性

采用密度泛函理论CAM-B3LYP/DGDZVP2对c-C4F8进行优化计算,得到基态分子结构.在该结构基础上施加线性外电场(0~10.284 V·pm^-1),获得了c-C4F8的几何特性、能量、前线轨道能级、键能和红外光谱数据.结果表明:当电场沿x轴变大时,c-C4F8的点群从D2d变为C1,偶极矩和极化率不断增大,结构稳定性降低;分子总能量和能隙不断减小,且C(4)-F(10)键的键能降低速度最快,最有可能率先在外电场作用下断裂,导致c-C4F8结构和对称性被破坏.同时c-C4F8的绝热电子亲和能单调上升,分子吸收自由电子的能力增强;红外光谱中,吸收峰的个数增加,4个主要吸收峰发生了红移.     

外电场作用下甲基乙烯基硅酮分子结构和电子光谱

采用密度泛函B3P86方法在6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上优化得到了沿分子轴方向不同外电场(0-0.04 a.u.)作用下, 甲基乙烯基硅酮分子的基态电子状态、几何结构、电偶极矩和分子总能量. 在优化构型下利用杂化CIS-DFT方法(CIS-B3P86)研究了同样外电场条件下对甲基乙烯基硅酮的激发能和振子强度的影响. 计算结果表明, 分子几何构型与电场大小呈现强烈的依赖关系, 分子偶极矩μ随电场的增加先减小后急剧增大. 电场为零时, 分子总能量为-483.5532137 a.u., 随着电场增加, 能量升高, 在F=0.02 a.u.时达到最大值-483.5393952 a.u., 此后, 继续增大电场系统总能量则开始降低. 激发能随电场增加急剧减小, 表明在电场作用下, 分子易于激发和离解.     

VOx(x=1-5)团簇结构与稳定性的DFT研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法在相对论有效实势（RECP）(O/6-311++g(d,p), V/lanl2dz)水平上对气态VOx(x=1-5)分子的几何构型, 振动频率, 电子亲和势和能级分布进行了理论研究. 通过对基态结构的几何参数分析发现, 它们的基态结构趋于立体结构. 其基态结构为: VO (4Σ), VO2 (2A1), VO3 (2A), VO4 (2A2), VO5 (4B2) . 对基态结构的垂直电离能, 电子性质和能级分布研究分析表明: 该系列分子最稳定的是VO4, 最不稳定的是VO. 该系列分子基态的平均VO键键长随氧原子数的增加而增长.     

黄曲霉素B_2分子吸附在银团簇的表面增强拉曼散射机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,6-311G(d,p)(C,H,O)/LANL2DZ(Ag)基组,计算了黄曲霉素B2(AFB2)分子吸附在Ag2团簇的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱和预共振拉曼光谱,并与实验结果比较.结果显示:AFB2分子在基态Ag2团簇表面吸附时,增强因子最大达到102,对应吡喃(pyrane)环C=O伸缩振动,主要是由AFB2分子周围化学环境改变而引起的基态静极化率改变导致的化学增强.不同激发波长下的AFB2分子预共振拉曼光谱的增强强度不同:电荷转移态激发波长为1144和544 nm时拉曼信号增强了102倍,而选择电荷转移预共振波长432和410 nm作为入射光时,其拉曼信号增强了104倍,增强机理为银团簇和黄曲霉素分子之间的电荷转移共振增强.因此通过改变入射光波长,选择电荷转移共振激发波长,更有利于强致癌物AFB2分子的痕量检测.     

BF分子X~1Σ~+,A~1Π和B~1Σ~+电子态的势能函数

使用SAC/SAC-CI和D95++,6-311++g,6-311++g**及D95(d)基组,分别对BF分子的基态X~1Σ~+、第一简并激发态A~1Π和第二激发态B~1Σ~+的平衡结构和谐振频率进行优化计算.对所有计算结果进行比较,得出6-311++g**基组为最优基组.运用6-311++g**基组和SAC方法对基态X~1Σ~+,SAC-CI方法对激发态A~1Π和B~1Σ~+进行单点能扫描计算,并用正规方程组拟合Murrell-Sorbie函数,得到相应电子态的势能函数解析式,由得到的势能函数计算了与X~1Σ+,A~1Π和B~1Σ~+态相对应的光谱常数,结果与实验数据较为一致.     

理论研究外电场下CaH分子的物化性质

在B3LYP/6-311G**理论水平上,对CaH分子进行了键长优化,研究了垂直于键轴方向的外电场F(F的取值范围为0～0.040 a. u．)对基态CaH分子的键长、偶极矩、电子能量、Mulliken电荷布居数、轨道能级（HOMO、LUMO）及能隙和势能曲线的影响。计算结果表明,随外电场的增加,CaH分子键长先减小后增大,电子能量逐渐减小,偶极矩逐渐增大;势能曲线的势阱深度减小,分子更易解离。本文的研究结果丰富了外电场中CaH分子电子结构的理论研究。     

2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯激发态结构动力学及溶剂效应的共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算

获取了覆盖紫外光谱中A带和B带吸收的共7个不同激发波长的共振拉曼光谱, 并结合密度泛函理论方法研究了2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯(2-Ac-NMP)的A带和B带电子激发和Franck-Condon区域结构动力学. 在TD-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)计算水平上, A带和B带吸收的跃迁主体为π→π^* . A带和B带共振拉曼光谱分别指认为13个振动模式和8个振动模式的基频、泛频和组合频, 其中C＝O伸缩振动(ν₈)、C3-C4-C5不对称伸缩振动+C2-C6伸缩振动(ν₁₄)及环上CH面内摇摆(ν₁₈)对拉曼光谱强度贡献最大, 表明2-Ac-NMP的S_π激发态结构动力学主要沿反应坐标展开. 考察了溶剂对共振拉曼光谱强度模式的影响, 结果表明, 在同一溶剂中, 随激发波长由长变短, C＝O伸缩振动模(ν₈)的强度呈现出由强变弱再变强的现象. 这种变化规律与Franck-Condon区域S_n/S_π态混合或势能面交叉相关, 并受溶剂的有效调控.     

Study on the Physical and Dissociation Properties of Disulfur Dichloride under Electric Fields

Disulfur dichloride is a hazardous substance, which is irritating to the eyes. It is significant to study the physical and dissociation properties under external electric fields. The bond length, energy, dipole moment, orbital energy level distribution, infrared spectra and dissociation properties of disulfur dichloride molecule under different external fields are obtained by using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) basis set level. In addition, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the molecule in different electric fields are studied with configuration interaction-single excitation(CIS)/6-311++G(d, p) method. According to the results, it has been found that as the electric field exerted along the positive direction of the z-axis increases, the two sulfur-chlorine(S-Cl) bond lengths become longer and tend to break, while the sulfur-sulfur(S-S) bond length becomes shorter and the energy gap decreases. The infrared spectrum and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra both exhibit red shift under electric field. Moreover, by scanning the potential energy surface of disulfur dichloride about S-Cl bond, the dissociation barrier decreases with the increase of positive electric field. When the external electric field arrives at 0.040 atomic units, the barrier disappears, meaning the dissociation of disulfur dichloride. The present results offer an important reference to further study of disulfur dichloride.     

强外电场作用下二甲基硅酮的分子结构和激发态

The ground states of dimethyl siloxane under different intense electric fields ranging from - 0. 04 to 0. 04 a. u. are optimized using density functional theory DFT / B3P86 at 6-311 ++ G（d,p）level. The excitation energies and oscillator strengths under the same intense applied electric fields are calculated employing the revised hybrid CIS-DFT method. The result shows that the electronic state,molecular geometry,total energy,dipole moment and excitation energy are strongly dependent on the field strength and behave asymmetry to the direction of the applied electric field. As the electric field changes from - 0. 04 to 0. 04 a. u. ,the bond length of Si-O increases whereas the bond length of Si-C decreases because of the charge transfer induced by the applied electric field. The dipole moment of the ground state decreases linearly with the applied field strength. However,the dipole moment of molecule changes from positive to negative as the inverse electric field increase to - 0. 03 a. u. Further increase of the inverse electric field results in an increase of the total energy of the molecule. The dependence of the calculated excitation energies on the applied electric field strength is fitting well to the relationship proposed by Grozema. The excitation energies of the first five excited states of dimethyl siloxane decrease as the applied electric filed increases because the energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO become close with the field,which shows that the molecule is easy to be excited under electric field and hence can be easily dissociated.     

发光共价有机骨架LCOF-NDT1荧光识别甲醛的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT),探究了发光共价有机骨架LCOF-NDT1与甲醛之间的分叉氢键作用.发现LCOF-NDT1与甲醛氢键作用后发光机理发生改变.氢键复合物的电子激发能减小,激发态下的氢键键长变短,氢键质子供体的~1H-NMR移向高场,氢键质子供体和受体的振动频率发生红移,均表明电子激发态下的氢键增强.氢键复合物的荧光速率系数减小,内转换速率系数增大,阐明电子激发态下氢键的增强有利于非辐射跃迁,不利于辐射跃迁,从而导致LCOF-NDT1荧光减弱或猝灭.计算结果表明LCOF-NDT1在荧光识别甲醛方面有潜在的应用前景.     

电场对Ni3（dpa）4Cl2金属串配合物结构影响的理论研究

应用密度泛函UBP86方法对具有分子导线潜在应用性的金属串配合物Ni3(dpa)4Cl2进行研究,分析了外电场对配合物的几何构型和电子结构的影响.结果表明,零电场条件下存在沿着Ni63+轴及轴向配体Cl的Ni—Ni及Ni—Cl离域作用.沿金属轴Cl4→Cl5方向施加外电场,可使高电势端的Ni2—Cl4键长增大而Ni1—Ni2键长减小,低电势端的Ni3—Cl5键长减小而Ni1—Ni3键长增大;分子能量降低,偶极矩线性增大;HOMO与LUMO能隙减小,前线占据轨道分布向低电势方向移动且轨道能升高,空轨道分布则向高电势方向移动且轨道能降低,其中沿着金属轴方向离域的前线轨道分布及其轨道能随电场的变化尤为显著.在电场作用下,电荷分布发生改变,低电势端Cl5的负电荷向高电势端Cl4转移,但金属和桥联配体的电荷变化很小;同样,在电场作用下,配合物存在明显的结构变化和电子转移现象,呈现出类似导电过程中电子定向转移的变化规律.     

First Principles Calculations of Electric Field Effect on the (6,0) Zigzag Single-Walled Silicon Carbide Nanotube for use in Nano-Electronic Circuits

Structural, electronic, and electrical responses of the H-capped (6,0) zigzag single-walled silicon carbide nanotube (SiCNT) was studied under the parallel and transverse electric fields with strengths 0–140 × 10^?4 a.u. by using density functional calculations. Analysis of the structural parameters indicates that resistance of the nanotube against the applied parallel electric field is more than resistance of the nanotube against the applied transverse electric field. The dipole moments, atomic charge variations, and total energy of the (6,0) zigzag SiCNT show increases with any increase in the applied external electric field strengths. The length, tip diameters, electronic spatial extent, and molecular volume of the nanotube do not change significantly with any increasing in the electric field strength. The energy gap of the nanotube increases with any increases in the electric field strength and its reactivity is decreased. Increase of the ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical potential, and HOMO and LOMO in the nanotube with increase of the applied external electric field strengths indicates that the properties of SiCNTs can be controlled by the proper external electric field for use in nano-electronic circuits.     

电场对(4, 0)Zigzag模型单壁碳纳米管的影响

The structural and electronic properties of a (4, 0) zigzag single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) under parallel and transverse electric fields with strengths of 0-1.4×10~(-2) a.u. Were studied using the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31G~* method. Results show that the properties of the SWCNT are dependent on the external electric field. The applied external electric field strongly affects the molecular dipole moments. The induced dipole moments increase linearly with increase in the electrical field intensities. This study shows that the application of parallel and transverse electric fields results in changes in the occupied and virtual molecular orbitals (Mos) but the energy gap between the highest occupied MO (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied MO (LUMO) of this SWCNT is less sensitive to the electric field strength. The electronic spatial extent (ESE) and length of the SWCNT show small changes over the entire range of the applied electric field strengths. The natural bond orbital (NBO) electric charges on the atoms of the SWCNT show that increase in the external electric field strength increases the separation of the center of the positive and negative electric charges of the carbon nanotube.     

气相水杨酸激发态分子内质子转移特性分析

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)研究了气相水杨酸(SA)分子的激发态氢键动力学过程。通过对水杨酸分子基态和激发态结构的优化,以及对其稳态吸收和发射光谱特性、前线分子轨道、红外振动光谱和势能曲线的计算分析,阐明水杨酸分子内质子转移可在激发态下自发地发生,导致其激发态可存在烯醇式和酮式两种异构体结构,并揭示了这种质子转移源于分子内电荷转移的激发态氢键的加强机制。     

Theoretical study of a conjugated aromatic molecular wire

In this study, an organic conjugated molecule, 4,4′-[ethane-1,2-diylidenedi(nitrilo)] dibenzenthiol designed and is proposed as a molecular wire. Structural and electronic responses of this aromatic molecular wire to the static electric field with intensities −1.6 × 10⁻² to +1.6 × 10⁻² a.u., are studied using the DFT-B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Natural bond orbital atomic charge analysis shows that the imposition of static external electric field induces polarization—localization of charge on the two ends of molecule, especially on considered terminal contact sulfur atoms. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) energy levels including the highest occupied MO (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied MO (LUMO) and the HOMO–LUMO gap (HLG) values are modified by the static electric field as well. The electric dipole moment and polarizability of the proposed molecular wire under the studied electric field strengths are considerably increased. The current–voltage characteristic curve is estimated for the proposed molecular wire.     

On low‐lying excited states of extended nanographenes

Low‐lying excited states of planarly extended nanographenes are investigated using the long‐range corrected (LC) density functional theory (DFT) and the spin‐flip (SF) time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) by exploring the long‐range exchange and double‐excitation correlation effects on the excitation energies, band gaps, and exciton binding energies. Optimizing the geometries of the nanographenes indicates that the long‐range exchange interaction significantly improves the C C bond lengths and amplify their bond length alternations with overall shortening the bond lengths. The calculated TDDFT excitation energies show that long‐range exchange interaction is crucial to provide accurate excitation energies of small nanographenes and dominate the exciton binding energies in the excited states of nanographenes. It is, however, also found that the present long‐range correction may cause the overestimation of the excitation energy for the infinitely wide graphene due to the discrepancy between the calculated band gaps and vertical ionization potential (IP) minus electron affinity (EA) values. Contrasting to the long‐range exchange effects, the SF‐TDDFT calculations show that the double‐excitation correlation effects are negligible in the low‐lying excitations of nanographenes, although this effect is large in the lowest excitation of benzene molecule. It is, therefore, concluded that long‐range exchange interactions should be incorporated in TDDFT calculations to quantitatively investigate the excited states of graphenes, although TDDFT using a present LC functional may provide a considerable excitation energy for the infinitely wide graphene mainly due to the discrepancy between the calculated band gaps and IP–EA values. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.