Existence of solutions for a perturbed Dirichlet problem without growth conditions

We present some results on the existence and multiplicity of solutions for boundary value problems involving equations of the type −Δu=f(x,u)+λg(x,u), where Δ is the Laplacian operator, λ is a real parameter and , are two Carathéodory functions having no growth conditions with respect to the second variable. The approach is variational and mainly based on a critical point theorem by B. Ricceri.     

A Bahri–Lions theorem revisited

In 1988, A. Bahri and P.L. Lions [A. Bahri, P.L. Lions, Morse-index of some min–max critical points. I. Application to multiplicity results, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 41 (1988) 1027–1037] studied the following elliptic problem:

where Ω is a bounded smooth domain of , 2<p<(2N−2)/(N−2) and f(x,u) is not assumed to be odd in u. They proved the existence of infinitely many solutions under an appropriate growth restriction on f. In the present paper, we improve this result by showing that under the same growth assumption on f the problem admits in fact infinitely many sign-changing solutions. In addition we derive an estimate on the number of their nodal domains. We also deal with the corresponding fourth order equation Δ²u=|u|^p−2u+f(x,u) with both Dirichlet and Navier boundary conditions, as well as with strongly coupled elliptic systems.     

NONTRIVIAL SOLUTIONS FOR SEMILINEAR SCHR(O)DINGER EQUATIONS

The authors prove the existence of nontrivial solutions for the SchrSdinger equation -△u ＋ V（x）u =λf（x, u） in R^N, where f is superlinear, subcritical and critical at infinity, respectively, V is periodic.     

A Schrödinger singular perturbation problem

Consider the equation −ε²Δu_ε + q(x)u_ε = f(u_ε) in , u(∞) < ∞, ε = const > 0. Under what assumptions on q(x) and f(u) can one prove that the solution u_ε exists and lim_ε→0u_ε = u(x), where u(x) solves the limiting problem q(x)u = f(u)? These are the questions discussed in the paper.     

Boundary behavior of solutions to some singular elliptic boundary value problems

Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary in . For the more general weight b, some nonlinearities f and singularities g, by two kinds of nonlinear transformations, a new perturbation method, which was introduced by García Melián in [J. García Melián, Boundary behavior of large solutions to elliptic equations with singular weights, Nonlinear Anal. 67 (2007) 818–826], and comparison principles, we show that the boundary behavior of solutions to a boundary blow-up elliptic problem Δw=b(x)f(w),w>0,xΩ,w|_∂Ω=∞ and a singular Dirichlet problem −Δu=b(x)g(u),u>0,xΩ,u|_∂Ω=0 has the same form under the nonlinear transformations, which can be determined in terms of the inverses of the transformations.     

A Palais–Smale approach to Lane–Emden equations

We consider the unbounded domain problems −Δu+u=|u|^p−2u in Ω, u>0 in Ω, and u=0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is an unbounded domain in , 2<p<2^*, for N>2, and 2^*=∞ for N=2. The existence of a ground state solution to the problems is greatly affected by the shape of the domain. To determine the existence of the solutions in a general domain remains a challenge task. For the flat interior flask domain that consists a strip and a ball attached to the bottom of the strip, previous results have asserted the existence of a ground state solution when the diameter of the ball is greater than a positive constant. However, the existence of the solutions when the diameter of the ball equals to the width of the strip is still an important open question. This article resolves the open question partially by considering a variation of the flat interior flask domain, which is formed by attaching a stretched ball to the bottom of the strip.     

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS FOR SCHR(O)DINGER EQUATIONS WITH MAGNETIC FIELD

The authors consider the semilinear SchrSdinger equation
-△Au＋Vλ（x）u= Q（x）｜u｜γ-2u in R^N,
where 1 〈 γ 〈 2＊ and γ≠ 2, Vλ= V^＋ -λV^-. Exploiting the relation between the Nehari manifold and fibrering maps, the existence of nontrivial solutions for the problem is discussed.     

Standing waves for supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equations

Let V(x) be a non-negative, bounded potential in RN, N?3 and p supercritical, . We look for positive solutions of the standing-wave nonlinear Schrödinger equation Δu−V(x)u+up=0 in RN, with u(x)→0 as |x|→+∞. We prove that if V(x)=o(⁻²|x|) as |x|→+∞, then for N?4 and this problem admits a continuum of solutions. If in addition we have, for instance, V(x)=O(|x|^−μ) with μ>N, then this result still holds provided that N?3 and . Other conditions for solvability, involving behavior of V at ∞, are also provided.     

Asymptotic behavior of large solution to elliptic equation of Bieberbach–Rademacher type with convection terms

We analyze the asymptotic behavior of solutions to nonlinear elliptic equation Δu±|u|^q=b(x)f(u) in Ω, subject to the singular boundary condition u(x)=∞ as , where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in R^N, for some , and . Our approach employs Karamata regular variation theory combined with the method of lower and supper solution.     

Sharp estimates of bounded solutions to some semilinear second order dissipative equations

Let H, V be two real Hilbert spaces such that VH with continuous and dense imbedding, and let FC¹(V) be convex. By using differential inequalities, a close-to-optimal ultimate bound of the energy is obtained for solutions in to u^″+cu^′+bu+F(u)=f(t) whenever .     

Nonradial large solutions of sublinear elliptic problems

Let p be a nonnegative locally bounded function on , N3, and 0<γ<1. Assuming that the oscillation sup_|x|=rp(x)−inf_|x|=rp(x) tends to zero as r→∞ at a specified rate, it is shown that the equation Δu=p(x)u^γ admits a positive solution in satisfying lim_|x|→∞u(x)=∞ if and only if

     

On the graph of a function over a prime field whose small powers have bounded degree

Let f be a function from a finite field with a prime number p of elements, to . In this article we consider those functions f(X) for which there is a positive integer with the property that f(X)ⁱ, when considered as an element of , has degree at most p−2−n+i, for all i=1,…,n. We prove that every line is incident with at most t−1 points of the graph of f, or at least n+4−t points, where t is a positive integer satisfying n>(p−1)/t+t−3 if n is even and n>(p−3)/t+t−2 if n is odd. With the additional hypothesis that there are t−1 lines that are incident with at least t points of the graph of f, we prove that the graph of f is contained in these t−1 lines. We conjecture that the graph of f is contained in an algebraic curve of degree t−1 and prove the conjecture for t=2 and t=3. These results apply to functions that determine less than directions. In particular, the proof of the conjecture for t=2 and t=3 gives new proofs of the result of Lovász and Schrijver [L. Lovász, A. Schrijver, Remarks on a theorem of Rédei, Studia Sci. Math. Hungar. 16 (1981) 449–454] and the result in [A. Gács, On a generalization of Rédei’s theorem, Combinatorica 23 (2003) 585–598] respectively, which classify all functions which determine at most 2(p−1)/3 directions.     

Global positivity estimates and Harnack inequalities for the fast diffusion equation

We investigate local and global properties of positive solutions to the fast diffusion equation u_t=Δu^m in the range (d−2)₊/d<m<1, corresponding to general nonnegative initial data. For the Cauchy problem posed in the whole Euclidean space we prove sharp local positivity estimates (weak Harnack inequalities) and elliptic Harnack inequalities; we use them to derive sharp global positivity estimates and a global Harnack principle. For the mixed initial and boundary value problem posed in a bounded domain of with homogeneous Dirichlet condition, we prove weak and elliptic Harnack inequalities. Our work shows that these fast diffusion flows have regularity properties comparable and in some senses better than the linear heat flow.     

Non-simultaneous versus simultaneous quenching in a coupled nonlinear parabolic system

This paper deals with finite-time quenching for the nonlinear parabolic system with coupled singular absorptions: u_t=Δu−v^−p, v_t=Δv−u^−q in Ω×(0,T) subject to positive Dirichlet boundary conditions, where p,q>0, Ω is a bounded domain in with smooth boundary. We obtain the sufficient conditions for global existence and finite-time quenching of solutions, and then determine the blow-up of time-derivatives and the quenching set for the quenching solutions. As the main results of the paper, a very clear picture is obtained for radial solutions with Ω=B_R: the quenching is simultaneous if p,q≥1, and non-simultaneous if p<1≤q or q<1≤p; if p,q<1 with , then both simultaneous and non-simultaneous quenching may happen, depending on the initial data. In determining the non-simultaneous quenching criteria of the paper, some new ideas have been introduced to deal with the coupled singular inner absorptions and inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary value conditions, in addition to techniques frequently used in the literature.     

Well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the fractional power dissipative equation in critical Besov spaces

In this paper we study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear fractional power dissipative equation u_t+(−Δ)^αu=F(u) for the initial data u₀ in critical Besov spaces with , where α>0, F(u)=P(D)u^b+1 with P(D) being a homogeneous pseudo-differential operator of order d[0,2α) and b>0 being an integer. Making use of some estimates of the corresponding linear equation in the frame of mixed time–space spaces, the so-called “mono-norm method” which is different from the Kato's “double-norm method,” Fourier localization technique and Littlewood–Paley theory, we get the well-posedness result in the case .     

Existence and estimates of solutions to a singular Dirichlet problem for the Monge–Ampère equation

Given a strictly convex, smooth, and bounded domain Ω in we establish the existence of a negative convex solution in with zero boundary value to the singular Monge–Ampère equation det(D²u)=p(x)g(−u). An associated Dirichlet problem will be employed to provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the singular boundary value problem. Estimates of solutions will also be given and regularity of solutions will be deduced from the estimates.     

Refined blowup criteria and nonsymmetric blowup of an aggregation equation

We consider an aggregation equation in , d2, with fractional dissipation: u_t+(uK*u)=−νΛ^γu, where ν0, 0<γ<1, and K(x)=e^−|x|. We prove a refined blowup criteria by which the global existence of solutions is controlled by its norm, for any . We prove the finite time blowup of solutions for a general class of nonsymmetric initial data. The argument presented works for both the inviscid case ν=0 and the supercritical case ν>0 and 0<γ<1. Additionally, we present new proofs of blowup which does not use free energy arguments.     

Spike solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with degenerate potential

We study the existence of positive solutions to the elliptic equation ε²Δu(x,y)−V(y)u(x,y)+f(u(x,y))=0 for (x,y) in an unbounded domain subject to the boundary condition u=0 whenever is nonempty. Our potential V depends only on the y variable and is a bounded or unbounded domain which may coincide with . The positive parameter ε is tending to zero and our solutions u_ε concentrate along minimum points of the unbounded manifold of critical points of V.     

Uniqueness of Piecewise Smooth Weak Solutions of Multidimensional Degenerate Parabolic Equations

We study the degenerate parabolic equationu_t + ∇ · f = ∇ · (Q∇u) + g, where (x, t) ∈ ^N × ⁺, the fluxf, the viscosity coefficientQ, and the source termgdepend on (x, t, u) andQis nonnegative definite. Due to the possible degeneracy, weak solutions are considered. In general, these solutions are not uniquely determined by the initial data and, therefore, additional conditions must be imposed in order to guarantee uniqueness. We consider here the subclass of piecewise smooth weak solutions, i.e., continuous solutions which areC²-smooth everywhere apart from a closed nowhere dense collection of smooth manifolds. We show that the solution operator isL¹-stable in this subclass and, consequently, that piecewise smooth weak solutions are uniquely determined by the initial data.     

Periodic solutions of sublinear Liénard differential equations

In this paper, we study the existence of periodic solutions of the second order differential equations x^″+f(x)x^′+g(x)=e(t). Using continuation lemma, we obtain the existence of periodic solutions provided that F(x) () is sublinear when x tends to positive infinity and g(x) satisfies a new condition

where M, d are two positive constants.