鬼臼毒素及其衍生物热分解反应的动力学研究

The thermal behavior and thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of podophyllotoxin （1） and 4 derivatives, picropodophyllin （2）, deoxypodophyllotoxin （3）, fl-apopicropodophyllin （4）, podophyllotoxone （5） in a temperature-programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC and TG-DTG. The kinetic model functions in differential and integral forms of the thermal decomposition reactions mentioned above for first stage were established. The kinetic parameters of the apparent activation energy Ea and per-exponential factor A were obtained from analy- sis of the TG-DTG curves by integral and differential methods. The most probable kinetic model function of the decomposition reaction in differential form was （1- a）^2 for compounds 1-3,2/3·a^-1/2 for compound 4 and 1/2（1-a）·[-In（1-a）]^-1 for compound 5. The values of Ea indicated that the reactivity of compounds 1-5was increased in the order： 5〈4〈2〈1〈3. The values of the entropy of activation △S^≠, enthalpy of activation △H^≠ and free energy of activation △G^≠ of the reactions were estimated. The values of △G^≠ indicated that the thermal stability of compounds 1-3 with the samef（a） was increased in the order： 2〈3〈1.     

Thermal Decomposition of Strontium and Barium Malonates

The thermal decomposition of strontium and barium malonates has been studied isothermally and non-isothermally employing simultaneous TG-DTG-DTA, DSC, XRD and IR spectroscopic techniques. DSC of these malonates has been recorded both in oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres. The decomposition is a single step process and the end product formed is carbonate. The energy of activation and frequency factor values for the decomposition of strontium malonate are 547 kJ mol⁻¹ and 10⁴¹ s⁻¹ respectively. The activation energy and frequency factor values for isothermal dehydration of barium malonate sester-hydrate are 57–111 kJ mol⁻¹ and 10⁷–10¹² s⁻¹ respectively and the corresponding values for decomposition from DSC are 499.5 kJ mol⁻¹ and 10⁴⁴ s⁻¹ respectively. The higher thermal stability of strontium malonate as compared to that of barium salt is ascribed to its being anhydrous so that decomposition proceeds without restructuring. Their thermal stabilities have also been compared with that of respective oxalate salts. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

差示扫描量热法确定L-脯氨酸的热动力学参数

利用差动热分析仪测得L 脯氨酸的差示扫描量热分析(DSC)曲线,采用普适积分法和微分方程法通过逻辑选择确定了L 脯氨酸相变和热解过程的最可几机理函数,并计算出相应的指前因子和活化能.     

Influence of DSC Measurement Conditions on Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

An autocatalytic model involving the limited solubility of volatile catalytic products was applied to the thermal decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. The critical supersaturation of the thermal decomposition products with the catalytic properties was higher at a low heating rate. Decrease of the sample mass led to an increased critical supersaturation of the decomposition products. This is probably a result of the greater contribution of products adsorption on the aluminium pan surface. It is presumed that the differences observed in the rate constant are connected with the uncontrolled critical supersaturation of the volatile thermal decomposition products. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Decomposition of Spatially Hindered Phenols Using Chromatomass-spectrometric System

The present paper deals with thermal decomposition of some spatially hindered phenols, which are in the industry as stabilizers in synthetic materials used. The investigated stabilizers are separated to two groups in respect to mechanism of decomposition (group I and II). This assumption was confirmed by chromatomass-spectrometric investigations. It allows a stabilizer for forming a plastic with variety properties to choose. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Zr(OH)4的热分解及ZrO2的相变过程

利用TG-TDG-DTA热分析技术研究了由Zr（OH）4热分解制备ZrO2的脱水过程,并结合X射线粉末衍射技术研究了ZrO2的相变过程．发现在82℃的吸热峰对应Zr（OH）4的脱水,而435℃附近出现的放热峰则为四方ZrO2向单斜ZrO2的晶相转变．采用外推法确定了Zr（OH）4脱水过程遵循三维扩散机理,其函数方程为g（α）=[{1／（1-α）}^1/3-1]^2．以实验获得的动力学参数ln A和E为基础,用最小二乘法对ln A和E进行线性拟合,得到动力学补偿效应表达式为ln A=0．437E-20．69．     

Determination of the Thermal Degradation Kinetic Parameters of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Using TG

In this work, a kinetic study on the thermal degradation of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy is presented. The degradation is investigated by means of dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TG) in air and inert atmosphere at heating rates from 0.5 to 20°C min⁻¹ . Curves obtained by TG in air are quite different from those obtained in nitrogen. A three-step loss is observed during dynamic TG in air while mass loss proceeded as a two step process in nitrogen at fast heating rate. To elucidate this difference, a kinetic analysis is carried on. A kinetic model described by the Kissinger method or by the Ozawa method gives the kinetic parameters of the composite decomposition. Apparent activation energy calculated by Kissinger method in oxidative atmosphere for each step is between 40–50 kJ mol⁻¹ upper than E _a calculated in inert atmosphere. The thermo-oxidative degradation illustrated by Ozawa method shows a stable apparent activation energy (E _a ≈130 kJ mol⁻¹ ) even though the thermal degradation in nitrogen flow presents a maximum E _a for 15% mass loss (E _a ≈60 kJ mol⁻¹ ). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermochemistry of the Decomposition of Some Cobalt Compounds

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the molar enthalpies of dehydration and decomposition of CoC₂O₄·2H₂O, Co(HCOO)₂·2H₂O and [Co(NH₃)₆]₂(C₂O₄)₃·4H₂O. The first stage of dissociation of each compound is a single-step dehydration both in air and argon atmospheres. The next stages are decomposition processes influenced by experimental parameters. The enthalpies of dehydration and decomposition vary from compound to compound in each atmosphere. The obtained data have been related to the macromechanisms proposed for the thermal decomposition and the parallel-consecutive decomposition-oxidation processes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

硫酸铝钾热分解反应动力学模型

近年来,在热分析动力学研究领域内,已有许多动力学模式及相应数据处理方法来描述固相反应的最可能机理,如：aRCHAR微分法[1]Coats-Redfe积分法[2]相结合的方法和等温过程与非等过程相结合的方法[3]等。而最近Dollimore等人[4]提出了利用 TA曲线的特征来确定动力学模型的方法,从而避免了对 f(a)和 g(a)逐一尝试的麻烦。本文就是用该法来研究硫酸铝钾的热分解动力学。硫酸铝钾热分解过程虽然已有人研究[5],但其动力学则未见文献报道。1 实验部分 实验工作在美国PE公司TGA７热分析仪上完成,反应气氛为氮气,流速为40mL·min-1 ,…     

Thermal Stability of Some Textile Dyes

The effect of thermal treatment at 25–800°C on the structure of some textile dyes (rhodanine' derivatives) has been investigated. The general formula of these dyes are;[(R)–C₆H₄–C₃NS₂O–C₅H₄N–CH=CH–C₆H₄N(CH₃)₂]; 2-[p-dimethylamino-styryl]-6-[5-(3-aryl)-rhodanine]-1,2-dihydropyridine and its derivatives, R=H (I), o-OCH₃ (II), p-OCH3 (III) and p-OH (IV). The techniques employed were TG, IR, UV, NMR and elemental analysis. The results showed that the thermal stability of these dyes depends on the nature of the substituent (R) alkyl radical present and its position in the benzene ring. On the basis of the application of a non-isothermal kinetic equation, it was found to be a first order reaction. Some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition process in each stage have been evaluated by the application of two different calculation methods. To support the above results a simple quantum study was reported. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kinetic Modeling of the Decomposition of Carbon Tetrachloride in Thermal Plasma

Decomposition of carbon tetrachloride in a RF thermal plasma reactor was investigated in argon atmosphere. The net conversion of CCl₄ and the main products of its decomposition were determined from the mass spectrometric analysis of outlet gases. Flow and temperature profiles in the reactor were calculated and concentration profiles of the species along the axis of the reactor were estimated using a newly developed chemical kinetic mechanism, containing 12 species and 34 reaction steps. The simulations indicated that all carbon tetrachloride decomposed within a few microseconds. However, CCl₄ was partly recombined from its decomposition products. The calculations predicted 70\% net conversion of CCl₄, which was close to the experimentally determined value of 60\%. A thermodynamic equilibrium model also simulated the decomposition. Results of the kinetic and thermodynamic simulations agreed well above 2000 K. However, below 2000 K the thermodynamic equilibrium model gave wrong predictions. Therefore, application of detailed kinetic mechanisms is recommended for modeling CCl₄ decomposition under thermal plasma conditions.     

Thermal and Kinetic Studies on the Stability of Some Thioureido-Sulfonamide Derivatives

The kinetic and thermal behaviour for the following compounds: R-HN-CS-NH-(CH₂)_n-C₆H₄-SO₂NH₂ where: R=phenyl, ally1; n=0, 1, 2 was studied by TG and DTA techniques. The compounds decompose in many steps; the last one corresponding to the burning of H₂N–S–C₆H₄–C₆H₄–S–NH₂ occurs with comparable reaction rates. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Non-isothermal Kinetic Study of the Heterogeneous Thermal Decomposition of a Mannich Compound

The authors present data concerning the evaluation of kinetic parameters of the decomposition of a Mannich compound by using the classical method of constant heating rate thermal analysis and the new one of controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA). The data processed using the CRTA method allow to obtain more reliable kinetic parameters according to the proposed reaction mechanism. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物的热分解行为及脱嵌反应动力学

以高岭石/二甲基亚砜为前驱体,利用置换法制备了高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物。XRD和FTIR分析表明苯甲酰胺进入高岭石层间并与其形成新的氢键。采用TG、DSC研究了插层复合物的热分解行为。结果表明复合物在加热过程中发生两步分解,第一步是插层复合物的分解,即插层剂分子于231℃发生脱嵌,第二步为高岭石脱羟基的过程。针对第一阶段的脱嵌反应,采用等转化率法改进后的迭代法、Malek法以及Dollimore法等动力学方法计算得到了完整的动力学三因子:活化能Ea=75.4kJ.mol-1,指前因子A的范围为4.9×1010~8.8×1010s-1,动力学方程为:G(α)=[1-(1-α)1-n]/(1-n),f(α)=(1-α)n。     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Kinetic Mechanism of Thermal Decomposition of a Zinc(II) Complex with N-Salicylidene-p-toluidine

1 INTRODUCTION Over the past decades, considerable attention has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and property studies of Schiff bases and their com- plexes because of their potential and developed appli- cations in the fields of conducting and magnetic ma- terials, dyes, non-linear optics, catalysis, analytical chemistry, biochemical research, agriculture and so on[1～7]. A large number of reports are available in the chemistry and biologic activities of transition metal co…     

非等温TG—DTG法确定2,2‘—联吡啶—对甲氧基苯甲酸铕（Ⅲ）热分解 …

采用TG DTG和DTA技术研究了2,2' 联吡啶 对甲氧基苯甲酸铕(Ⅲ)在静态空气中的非等温热分解过程及动力学 ,根据TG曲线确定了热分解过程中的中间产物及最终产物 ,运用微分法与积分法对非等温动力学数据进行分析 ,推断出第一步的动力学方程为dα/dt=Aexp( E/RT)2(1 α)1/2 。     

Study of Kinetic Parameters of Reject/Clay/Composites by Thermal Analysis

Thermal degradation of granite and marble industry reject (GMIR), a red clay (RC)and their composites were studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) in nitrogen atmosphere, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and derivative thermogravimetry(DTG) in air atmosphere. Measurements were made in the temperature range of 25–1000,25–1200 and 25–1400°C. The kinetic parameters were determined by Flynn–Wall and Kissinger's methods. The results indicate the absent dominance of one mechanism of reaction, and the composites show smaller values of kinetic parameters than GMIR or RC. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Study of The Mechanism and Kinetic Parameters of The Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt Sulphate Hexahydrate

Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used in the study of the kinetics of decomposition of cobalt sulphate hexahydrate under an air atmosphere. The kinetics of the particular stages of CoSO₄ 6H₂ O decomposition were evaluated from the dynamic mass loss data. The values of the kinetic parameters for each stage of the thermal decomposition were calculated from the α(T) data by using the integral method, applying the Coats-Redfern approximation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一元氯化镁化合物热分解的热力学研究

本文利用Gaussian 03程序,采用量子化学理论,在RHF/6-31G(d)水平上,对一元氯化镁化合物热分解反应机理进行了研究。在对现有4种水氯镁石脱水技术的反应物和产物几何构型进行能量梯度法全优化的同时,计算了不同温度下4种方法的主副反应路径的标准热力学参数(298.15~1000 K)。热力学计算结果表明:所有反应均为吸热反应,当压力为1.01×105 Pa、温度低于1000 K时,所有反应都不能自发进行;从热力学的角度分析,热分解更有利于以苯胺为助剂的复盐法的发生。     

Kinetic Analysis of Thermal Decomposition of Ca(OH)2 Formed During Hydration of Commercial Portland Cement by DSC

In this paper, evaluation of kinetic parameters (the activation energy – E,the pre-exponential factor – A and the reaction order – n) with simultaneous determination of the possible reaction mechanism of thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide (portlandite), Ca(OH)₂ formed during hydration of commercial Portland-slag cement, by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in non-isothermal conditions with a single heating–rate plot has been studied and discussed. The kinetic parameters and a mechanism function were calculated by fitting the experimental data to the integral, differential and rate equation methods. To determine the most probable mechanism, 30 forms of the solid-state mechanism functions, f(α_c) have been tried. Having used the procedure developed and the appropriate program support, it has been established that the non-isothermal thermal decomposition of calcium hydroxide in the acceleratory period (0.004<α_c<0.554) can be described by the rate equation: d α_c/dT=A/βexp(−E/RT)f(α_c), which is based on the concept of the mechanism reaction:f(α_c)=2(α_c)^1/2. The mechanism functions as well as the values of the kinetic parameters are in good agreement with those given in literature. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.