共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
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The energy and current balances in the diode unit of a high-current pulsed electron accelerator (350–500 keV, 60 ns, 250 J per pulse) are compared for an explosive emission cathode (made of graphite, copper, or carbon felt) and a multipoint (graphite or copper) cathode. The planar diode with the continuous cathode is shown to be more efficient in terms of conversion of the applied energy to electron energy (more than 90%) despite a delay in the plasma surface formation. With the impedance of the planar diode matched to the output resistance of the nanosecond generator, the efficiency of the diode does not depend on the time of plasma formation on the cathode. In the case of the graphite cathode, the plasma formation delay reduces the fraction of slow electrons in the forming electron beam and reduces electron losses in anode foil when the beam is extracted from the vacuum space of the diode chamber into the reactor. 相似文献
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在电压0.6~1.0 MV,脉冲重复频率为100 Hz条件下,实验研究了爆炸发射阴极的有效发射面积、平均发射电流密度、二极管阻抗、电子束能量损耗机制等特性。结果表明:阴极有效发射面积随时间呈方波变化,在脉冲开始后5 ns内有效发射面积基本达到稳定。在碳纤维、天鹅绒、石墨、不锈钢4种阴极材料中,碳纤维阴极有效发射面积最大且变化相对稳定,并且碳纤维阴极具有最大的平均发射电流密度。二极管阻抗随着阴阳极间隙的增加并非呈平方关系增加,而是呈线性增长,阻抗失配是降低电子束能量传输效率的主要机制。 相似文献
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用于直线感应加速器的3.5 MeV注入器脉冲功率系统采用了感应叠加原理。整个系统包含了脉冲形成系统、触发系统以及感应腔负载。脉冲形成系统主要由Marx发生器和Blumlein脉冲形成线组成,产生12个脉宽约90 ns,幅度约200 kV的高压脉冲,通过12个感应腔和变阻抗阴阳极杆,在阴阳极间隙处产生3.5 MV的二极管电压,由天鹅绒阴极发射强流电子束。触发系统主要由两级触发开关构成,严格控制12个高压脉冲的输出时间,时间分散性统计值小于1 ns(动作时间抖动)。采用该脉冲功率系统注入器能产生能量约3.5 MeV,电流2~3 kA的强流电子束。 相似文献
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以闪光二号加速器为研究平台,实验研究了前沿80 ns和34 ns脉冲电压下的二极管工作稳定性,通过对比实验结果和数值模拟结果,分析了脉冲前沿对二极管启动时间、阴极发射均匀性和阻抗重复性的影响,探讨了脉冲前沿对平面阴极二极管工作状态的影响机制。实验结果表明:脉冲前沿、二极管启动时间增加时,二极管的阻抗重复性降低;平面阴极易于在中心位置形成强区域发射,等离子体覆盖整个阴极发射面的时间随脉冲前沿增大而增加;屏蔽效应对阴极发射的影响随前沿增加而变大,进而导致阴极表面不均匀强点发射,等离子体运动速度增加,阴极有效发射面积减小,在等离子体运动速度和阴极有效发射面积共同作用下,二极管工作稳定性下降。 相似文献
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Phelps D. A. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1978,6(1):76-82
The general operation of intense relativistic electron beam oscillators is described. These oscillators employ the well-known reflex triode phenomenon to plug the ends of a magnetically confined beam drift region by setting up efficient electron reflexing between the real cathode of an accelerator and a downstream virtual cathode. For a variety of magnetic traps and experimental conditions, it is shown that the inherent electron beam feedback from the drift region can be effectively utilized to reduce the electronion diode impedance and thereby permit good matching and energy transfer between the diode and a sub-ohm particle accelerator. A theoretical model is presented to interpret the observed phenomena. 相似文献
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Price D. Fittinghoff D. Benford J. Sze H. Woo W. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1988,16(2):177-184
The Vircator II oscillating virtual-cathode microwave source operates with diode voltages between 600 and 800 kV and diode current between 50 and 120 kA. Maximal microwave output power between 200 and 500 MW is achieved when the diode aspect ratio, cathode surface, charge voltage, and extraction coupling are arranged to simultaneously (1) maximize diode voltage, (2) satisfy magnetic insulation criteria, (3) avoid nonuniform or unstable electron emission, and (4) optimize microwave transmission from the virtual cathode to the launching antenna. Broadband radiation between 0.4 and 5.5 GHz is generated. The central frequency follows the beam plasma frequency. It is tuned by varying the current density with anode-cathode gap adjustments 相似文献
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I. V. Pegel' 《Russian Physics Journal》1996,39(12):1186-1199
Results are presented from experimental and numerical studies of the spatial and temporal microstructure of a relativistic
heavy-current electron beam of nanosecond duration. The beam is formed in a magnetically insulated coaxial diode with an edge-emitting
cathode. Microcurrent oscillations and azimuthal nonuniformity of the beam are seen, the scale of the latter depending on
the maximum cyclotron radius of the electrons. Two- and three-dimensional numerical calculations performed by the macroparticle
method show that space-charge oscillations near the cathode produce these phenomena even in the case of a uniform emission
surface. It is shown that the increase in the full current of the beam that occurs during the pulse in a weak magnetic field
is connected with the gradual propagation of emission to the cylindrical outside surface of the cathode. A study is made of
the effect of the discreteness of the emission surface on the impedance and current of the vacuum diode. The linear increase
seen in current during the pulse with a small number of emission centers is attributed to an increase in their size as a result
of expansion of the cathode plasma.
Institute of Heavy-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh
Uchebnykh Zavedenii, No. 12, pp. 31–48, December, 1996. 相似文献
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对L波段双阶梯阴极磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO)进行了粒子模拟,在输入电压710 kV,电流56.6kA条件下,得到微波输出功率为4.8 GW,微波频率1.22 GHz。根据模拟结果设计MILO实验装置并开展实验研究,介绍了测试方法与测试系统,并对辐射微波功率、频率和模式进行了测量。在二极管电压740 kV,电流61 kA条件下,测得辐射微波功率为3.57 GW,微波脉宽46 ns,微波频率1.23 GHz,功率转换效率8%,辐射微波模式为TM01模。 相似文献
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对基于短电子束脉冲超辐射机理的X波段相对论返波管进行了优化设计和粒子模拟,结果表明:在超辐射机理作用下,该器件能实现高峰值功率和高功率转换效率的微波辐射。在小型Tesla脉冲源基础上设计了阻抗变换段、二极管、磁场系统等装置,建立了一套小型窄脉冲电子加速器,以此为实验平台在低磁场条件下进行了器件的初步实验研究。在磁场0.73 T、束压约380 kV、束流约4.5 kA、脉宽3.1 ns条件下,实验获得的微波脉冲峰值功率约360 MW,脉宽1.10 ns,上升沿800 ps,频率9.15 GHz,功率转换效率为21%。 相似文献
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闪光X射线照相是获得高凝聚态物质内部物理图像的重要手段,阳极杆箍缩二极管是X射线源的重要组成部分之一,其设计直接影响X射线源稳定性。由于受装置结构及真空等因素的影响,使得阴阳极几何中心同心存在一定的困难。因此,评估同心偏差对二极管物理特性的影响,对提高闪光X射线源稳定性具有重要的意义。针对阴阳极几何中心同心偏差问题开展实验研究,分别取三种同心偏差度(小于1%,15.02%和22.92%)状态。在1 MV电压下获得了不同同心偏差度下二极管电参数特性,并在此基础上结合理论模型分析了同心偏差度对二极管物理特性及电极等离子体扩散速度的影响。研究结果表明,随着同心偏差度增加,磁绝缘阶段阻抗下降率及等离子体扩散速度呈非线性增加,同时造成该阶段二极管阻抗与脉冲驱动源输出阻抗失配严重,降低了二极管与脉冲驱动源的能量耦合效率。 相似文献
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通过粒子模拟的方法设计了分离腔振荡器(SCO),并建立了基于爆炸发射的阴极模型,对带有真实二极管结构的SCO进行了整体的粒子模拟研究。典型的数值模拟结果为:在二极管电压为495 kV,电流为3.93 kA时,输出高功率微波的功率为640 MW,微波频率为2.85 GHz,功率效率为33.0%。同时,还研究了二极管输入电压幅度及波形、阴-阳极间距、阴极半径等参数对SCO输出高功率微波特性的影响,初步研究结果表明:除了栅网的通过率,SCO对二极管阻抗、阴极半径等参数也比较敏感,对应一定的二极管阻抗,需有一个最佳的电压值与之匹配;三角波电压波形会明显降低SCO的功率效率。 相似文献
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为“闪光二号”加速器研制了新的二极管系统, 其电子束能注量比原二极管系统大3倍多。该系统由带滑闪开关的二极管、漂移管、脉冲磁场和真空靶室等部分组成, 通过减小阴极直径、增大轴向磁场强度和磁透镜比,调节滑闪开关距离和预脉冲开关气压等技术措施, 使二极管具有高能注量电子束输出的稳定工作状态, 在Marx发生器充电电压70kV条件下,在距阴极22cm的靶上获得了总能量21.5kJ、束斑直径52mm和能注量1.01kJ/cm2的电子束输出。 相似文献