Fe3+/V5+/TiO2复合纳米微粒光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Fe^3 /V^5 /TiO2复合纳米微粒作为光催化剂。光降解反应结果表明，其掺杂催化剂Fe^3 /V^5 /TiO2的光催化活性明显提高。光电化学研究显示，铁离子可以成为电荷陷阱，促进空穴的界面传递反应。适量钒离子掺杂使TiO2电极的光电流升高，导带中电子浓度的增大，加快了界面的电子传递反应。共掺杂催化剂中，Fe^3 、V^5 分别提供了空穴与电子的陷阱，同时加快了电子与空穴的界面传递反应，从 更有效地提高光催化活性。双组份共掺杂为提高TiO2光催化活性提供新的途径。     

脯氨酸与Zn~(2+/1+/0)相互作用及性质

运用M062X和X3LYP两种密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在TZVP和6-311++G(2d,p)+LANL2DZ基组水平上,对已报道的15种脯氨酸(Pro)构象分别与Zn2+、Zn+及Zn进行不同方式配位体系的几何结构、能量学特征、振动光谱和电子结构性质进行了计算研究.Pro-Zn2+、Pro-Zn+和Pro-Zn三种体系分别得到19、21和24种稳定结构.Pro-Zn2+体系中Zn2+与Pro两性离子的氧端(OO)配位形成的四元环结构能量最低,其次是与Pro羧羰基氧和亚氨基氮配位形成的五元环结构,而Pro-Zn+体系与之相反.Pro-Zn2+/1+/0体系的相对能差逐渐降低,结合能分别位于-620--936,-139--325和-1.5--22 kJ·mol-1范围,配位Pro的变形能随价态降低而减小.ProZn2+体系受方法和基组影响较大,离子体系中Zn均获得少量负电荷,所有配位化合物的前线轨道能差均比相应两个碎片要低.     

Co(H2O)26+/3+体系电子转移反应动力学的理论研究

电子转移过程在化学、生命科学、材料科学等领域普遍存在,几十年来一直受到国际学术界的广泛关注,是当前化学研究的前沿课题之一[1-6].过渡金属络合物间的电子转移是一类重要的电子转移过程,其动力学行为是理论和实验研究的热点[7-12].根据过渡态理论,这类自交换反应速率可表示为     

Co(H2O)62+/3+体系电子转移反应动力学的理论研究

A theoretical scheme is presented which is based on an activation model for calculating the rate of the electron- exchange reaction between transition metal complexes in aqueous solution and applies to Co(H2O)6 2+/3+ electron transfer system. The activation parameter and activation energy of the system are obtained via the activation model. The slopes of the potential energy surfaces (curves) of the reacting system at the separated reactants are calculated from the fitted potential energy curves. The coupling matrix element is determined by using the perturbation theory and numerical integral method. Theoretical rate constants are obtained for the system at both UHF/6-311G and UMP2/6-311G levels. The agreement of the theoretical results with experimetal values is excellent. This fact indicates the scheme proposed is feasible and accurate in studying the self- exchange eletron transfer reaction.     

Ce4+/Ce3+-V2+/V3+氧化还原流动电池的可行性研究(Ⅱ)--旋转圆盘(RDE)与旋转环盘(RRDE)法对Ce4+/Ce3+氧化还原体系的研究

用RDE与REDE法研究了Ce4+/Ce3+-V2+/V3+氧化还原流动电池中Ce4+/Ce3+体系的电化学动力学参数,以说明组成该新型氧化还原流动电池的可能性.用RDE法得出在铂电极表面与玻碳电极上均会生成一层氧化膜,对Ce3+的氧化反应产生阻碍作用.但在铂上的氧化膜对Ce4+的还原反应却有催化作用.用Rrde法得出Ce3+在玻碳电极上的氧化与析氧之间存在着竞争,为得到较高的Ce3+氧化效率,应控制氧化电流在2～8 mA@cm-2之间.     

HF(B1Σ→X1Σ) UV chemiluminescence from the H+/H+2+F− ion-ion reactions

Chemiluminescence spectra attributable to the H⁺/H⁺₂+F⁻→ HF B¹Σ ion-ion reactions were obtained in the wavelength region 185–270 nm. The rovibrationally resolved bands were assigned as HF B ¹Σ (v', J') to HF X ¹Σ (v″,J″) transitions with 0⩽v'⩽4 and 12 ⩽ v″ ⩽ 16. The corresponding rotational branches all have peaks at high J values. These non-thermal distributions suggest that the corresponding product state v',J' populations reflect the nascent distribution from the ion-ion reactions.     

Pitzer Parameters for the Pertechnetate Ion in the System Na+/K+/Mg2+/Ca2+/Cl−/SO 2 4 −/TcO − 4 /H2O at 25°C

Isopiestic vapor pressure experiments are performed at 25°C with aqueous Mg(TcO₄)₂ solutions and with ternary mixtures containing various combinations of NaTcO₄, Mg(TcO₄)₂, NaCl, MgCl₂, Na₂SO₄, and MgSO₄. The osmotic coefficients of the binary solutions are used to evaluate the binary Pitzer parameters ⁽⁰⁾, ⁽¹⁾, and C for Mg(TcO₄)₂. We previously reported these parameters for NaTcO₄. The binary parameters for KTcO₄ and Ca(TcO₄)₂ are evaluated from solubilities of KTcO₄ in KCl and CaCl₂ solutions, respectively. The mixing parameters _{TcO 4} ^– _/Cl ^–, _{M/TcO 4} ^– _/Cl ^–, _{TcO 4} ^– _{/SO 4} ^2– , _{M/TcO 4} ^– _{/SO 4} ^2– , and _Na ⁺ _/Mg ²⁺ _/TcO4 ^2– are calculated from either osmotic coefficients or solubilities in the corresponding ternary mixtures. The evaluated set of Pitzer parameters predicts well the activity coefficients and solubilities of KTcO₄ in multicomponent systems.     

Role of the V(V)/ 1O2Complex in Oxidative Reactions in the H2O2/V(V)/AcOH System: Oxidation of Alkenes and Anthracenes

Anthracene and its alkyl derivatives undergo oxidation in the V^(V)/H₂O₂/AcOH system via a nonradical mechanism through the intermediate formation of the vanadium(V) complex with singlet dioxygen as a ligand. The ¹O₂molecule is transferred from this complex to an unsaturated substrate. The free singlet dioxygen ¹O₂(¹ _g ) is almost inactive toward anthracene in AcOH solution. Consequently, the vanadium(V) complex with singlet dioxygen is the only oxidant species active in the reaction. The ratio between the rate constant of the reaction of this complex with 2-ethylanthracene and the rate constant of its deactivation is an order of magnitude greater than the ratio between the rate constant of the reaction of dissolved free singlet dioxygen with the same substrate and the rate constant of its deactivation (physical quenching).     

检测器(V)

在本卷第３期上我们介绍了消除检测器噪声的电阻－电容（Ｒ／Ｃ）滤波器。该滤波器的电路虽然很简单,但对一些由于检测器电路本身所产生的噪声的消除却非常有效。图５是连接Ｒ／Ｃ滤波器前后的色谱基线谱图（注意图５－ａ,ｂ的Ｙ轴标值是不同的）。从图５－ｂ中可以看出该滤波器的滤波效果是很明显的。但Ｒ／Ｃ滤波器也不是万能的,它主要对消除叠加在正常基线上的噪声尖锐峰特别有效（见图６）,而对图７所示的基线噪声却无能为力。图５　使用Ｒ／Ｃ滤波器前后基线图ａ．使用前,ｂ．使用后。图６　使用Ｒ／Ｃ滤波前后色谱图ａ．使用前,…     

Oxo Peroxo Glycolato Complexesof Vanadium (V). Crystal Structureof (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(C2H2O3)2]ċH2O

Summary.  Oxo peroxo glycolato complexes of vanadium(V) (M ₂[V₂O₂(O₂)₂(C₂H₂O₃)₂]ċnH₂O (n=0, 1; M=NBu₄ ⁺ (1), K⁺ (2), NH₄ ⁺ (3), Cs⁺ (4), NPr₄ ⁺ (5)) as well as (NBu₄)₂[V₂O₄(C₂H₂O₃)₂]ċ H₂O (6) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods. X-Ray structure analysis of 1 revealed the presence of dinuclear [V₂O₂(O₂)₂(C₂H₂O₃)₂]²⁻ anions with a (chemical structure) bridging core and six coordinated vanadium(V) atoms in a distorted pentagonal pyramidal array. Received July 12, 1999. Accepted (revised) October 28, 1999     

全钒液流电池高浓度下V(IV)/V(V)的电极过程研究

采用循环伏安、低速线性扫描和阻抗技术, 以石墨为电极, 研究了V(IV)/V(V)在较高浓度下的电极过程. 结果表明, 采用2.0 mol•L-1 的V(IV)溶液时, H2SO4浓度低于2 mol•L-1, V(IV)/V(V)反应极化大, 可逆性差, 表现为电化学和扩散混合控制; H2SO4浓度增至2 mol•L-1以上, V(IV)/V(V)反应的可逆性提高, 转为扩散控制, 且增加H2SO4浓度有利于阻抗的降低; 但H2SO4浓度超过3 mol•L-1, 溶液的粘度和传质阻力大, 阻抗反而增大. 在3 mol•L-1的H2SO4中, 随着V(IV)浓度的增加, 体系的可逆性和动力学改善, 阻抗减小; 但V(IV)浓度超过2.0 mol•L-1, 较高的溶液粘度导致溶液的传质阻力迅速增加, V(IV)/ V(V)的电化学性能衰减, 阻抗增大. 因此, 综合考虑电极反应动力学和电池的能量密度两因素, V(IV)溶液的最佳浓度为1.5～2.0 mol•L-1, H2SO4浓度为3 mol•L-1.     

Kinetics of H+/Na+ Ion Exchange on H1 ± xZr2 − xMx(PO4)3 (M = Y or Nb) NASICON Materials

The thermodynamic parameters of ion exchange have been estimated for HZr₂(PO₄)₃ · H₂O and the products of its aliovalent doping. Ion exchange occurs via formation of the (H₃O_{1 ? x}Na_x)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ solid-solution series. As in the case of ion exchange on layered zirconium phosphate (Zr(HPO₄)₂ · H₂O), the interdiffusion coefficient and the major interfacial defect generation processes are considerably affected by the contact-solution pH.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [H4As8V14O42(H2O)]·6H2O

The title compound [H4As8V14O42(H2O)]·6H2O 1 has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in trigonal, space group R3c with a = b = 36.447(6), c = 21.485(5) (A), V = 24717(8) (A)3, Z = 18, Mr = 2114.66, Dc = 2.557g/cm3, F(000) = 17928, μ = 7.149 mm-1, R = 0.0792 and wR = 0.1265. The [H4As8V14O42- (H2O)] cluster consists of fourteen VO5 square pyramids linked by four As2O5 handle-like units.     

柴油在超声波/Cu2+/H2O2中的氧化脱硫

为了实现生产低硫柴油和超低硫柴油的目标,以超声波为外加能源,构筑超声波/类Fenton试剂的柴油氧化脱硫反应体系,考察了水相pH值和超声功率这两个参数对柴油氧化脱硫效果的影响。实验结果表明,当类Fenton试剂的水相pH值为2.00左右时,其脱硫效果较好;无超声波下H2O2、类Fenton试剂、超声波/H2O2及超声波/类Fenton试剂的柴油氧化脱硫反应符合表观一级反应动力学规律。超声波功率的提高对氧化脱硫有明显的促进作用,这主要是由于功率的增加,有助于加速空穴的形成与内爆,从而促进反应的进行。     

V2H分子的分子结构与势能函数

用密度泛函理论(DFT), 在BP86/6-311＋＋g(d,p)水平上对V₂, VH和V₂H进行了理论研究. 得到该系列分子的基态电子态分别为: V₂( ), VH( ) , V₂H ( ), V₂H分子的基态稳定构型具有C_2v对称性. 用Murrell-Sorbie势能函数对V₂和VH分子的扫描势能点进行了拟合, 其扫描点都与四参数Murrell-Sorbie函数拟合曲线符合很好, 在此基础上推导出了它们的光谱数据和力常数. 用多体项展开理论导出了V₂H分子的解析势能函数, 在固定键角∠VHV＝58.7^o时, RH-V＝0.1790 nm处存在一个势阱, 深度为7.26 eV, 表示在该处容易形成稳定的V₂H分子.     

Expansion of antimonato polyoxovanadates with transition metal complexes: (Co(N3C5H15)2)2[{Co(N3C5H15)2}V15Sb6O42(H2O)]·5H2O and (Ni(N3C5H15)2)2[{Ni(N3C5H15)2}V15Sb6O42(H2O)]·8H2O

Two new polyoxovanadates (Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2))(2)[{Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)]·5H(2)O (1) and (Ni(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2))(2)[{Ni(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)]·8H(2)O (2) (N(3)C(5)H(15) = N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In both structures the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) shell displays the main structural motif, which is strongly related to the {V(18)O(42)} archetype cluster. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 14.3438(4), b = 16.6471(6), c = 18.9186(6) ?, α = 87.291(3)°, β = 83.340(3)°, γ = 78.890(3)°, and V = 4401.4(2) ?(3) (1) and a = 14.5697(13), b = 15.8523(16), c = 20.2411(18) ?, α = 86.702(11)°, β = 84.957(11)°, γ = 76.941(11)°, and V = 4533.0(7) ?(3) (2). In the structure of 1 the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) cluster anion is bound to a [Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)](2+) complex via a terminal oxygen atom. In the Co(2+)-centered complex, one of the amine ligands coordinates in tridentate mode and the second one in bidentate mode to form a strongly distorted CoN(5)O octahedron. Similarly, in compound 2 an analogous NiN(5)O complex is joined to the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) anion via the same attachment mode. A remarkable difference between the two compounds is the orientation of the noncoordinated propylamine group leading to intermolecular Sb···O contacts in 1 and to Sb···N interactions in 2. In the solid-state lattices of 1 and 2, two additional [M(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)](2+) complexes act as countercations and are located between the [{M(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](4-) anions. Between the anions and cations strong N-H···O hydrogen bonds are observed. In both compounds the clusters are stacked along the b axis in an ABAB fashion with cations and water molecules occupying the space between the clusters. Magnetic characterization demonstrates that the Ni(2+) and Co(2+) cations do not significantly couple with the S = 1/2 vanadyl groups. The susceptibility data can be successfully reproduced assuming a distorted ligand field for the Co(2+) ions (1) and an O(h)-symmetric Ni(2+) ligand field (2).     

Diethyltin-Containing Tungstoarsenate(V), [{Sn(C2H5)2}3(H2O)6(A–α–AsVW9O34)]3−

Reaction of (C₂H₅)₂SnCl₂ with the trilacunary 9-tungstoarsenate(V) [A–α–AsW₉O₃₄]^9? in aqueous pH 5 medium resulted in the diethyltin-containing polyanion [{Sn(C₂H₅)₂}₃(H₂O)₆(A–α–As^VW₉O₃₄)]^3? (1), which crystallized as a hydrated guanidinium salt, [C(NH₂)₃]₃[{Sn(C₂H₅)₂}₃(H₂O)₄(A–α–As^VW₉O₃₄)]·9H₂O (1a). Polyanion 1 represents the first example of a diethyltin-containing polyanion. The diethyltin groups are bound to the trilacunary Keggin units via two Sn–O(W) bonds involving edge-shared WO₆ octahedra. Each Sn atom also has two terminal, cis-related water ligands, and two terminal, trans-related ethyl groups. Multinuclear (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn, ¹⁸³W) NMR spectrometry indicated that polyanion 1 is stable in solution. Compound 1a was structurally characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD, FT-IR, as well as thermogravimetric and elemental analyses. Single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that 1a crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P _nma , with a = 23.5280(10) Å, b = 15.5435(6) Å, c = 18.6191(9) Å, V = 6809.1(5) ų and Z = 4. The structure of 1a is an extended 2D assembly of individual polyanion units 1 linked via Sn–O(W) bridges.     

Hexaaquachromium(III) trihydrogen isopolyvanadate [Cr(H2O)6]H3[V10O28] · 2H2O: Synthesis and study

Hexaaquachromium(III) trihydrogen isopolyvanadate [Cr(H₂O)₆]H₃[V₁₀O₂₈] · 2H₂O (I) was obtained and examined by mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, and IR and NMR spectroscopy. The crystals are monoclinic, space group $P\bar 1$ a = 7.862(3), b = 8.427(5), c = 5.000(2) Å, β = 96.46(4)°, V = 867.0(3) ų, ρ_calcd = 5.83 g/cm³, Z = 1.     

The ion product of H2O,dissociation constants of H2CO3 and pitzer parameters in the system Na+/H+/OH−/HCO 3 − /CO 3 2- /ClO 4 − /H2O at 25°C

The ion product of water and the dissociation constants of carbonic acid have been determined in 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0M NaClO₄ at 25°C. The ion product of water K _w ^' has been evaluated by emf measurements with a combined glass electrode in NaClO₄ solutions containing 0.001–0.1M HCLO₄ or NaOH. The product K _H ^' K _l ^' K ₂ ^' of the Henry constant for CO₂ and the dissociation constants for H₂CO₃ have been determined by titration of carbonate solutions equilibrated with pCO₂ =10^–3.52 atm, and K ₂ ^' has been evaluated by potentiometric titration and by measuring the H⁺ concentration at fixed HCO ₃ ^– and CO ₃ ^2- concentrations. The ion interaction (Pitzer) equations are applied to describe the constants K _w ^' , K ₂ ^' and K _H ^' H ₁ ^' K ₂ ^' as a function of the NaClO₄ concentration. The experimental data are used to evaluate the mixing parameters _{i/ClO 4} and _{i/ClO 4} ^-/Na⁺ fori = OH ^-,HCO ₃ ^- andCO ₃ ^2-