六硅Y沸石的研制及性能

ＬｉＮａＹ沸石经ＳｉＣｌ４气相同晶脱铝补硅后制得系列高硅铝比,高结晶度的Ｙ沸石,用低温氮吸附法,救是样品对Ｎ２的吸附－－脱附等温线,从而计算其比表面和孔体积,并采用ＢＪＨ模型计算孔径分布。用真空重量法测定了四种Ｃ６化合物（正己烷,２,３－二甲基丁烷、苯、环己烷）的吸附等温线,探讨吸附量与吸附物的性能（极性、几何构型）,吸附量一吸附剂脱铝深度的关系,从而得到,经ＳｉＣｌ４同晶取代后Ｙ沸石的孔结构和表     

新型高硅Y(NHSY)沸石的研究:Ⅰ.NHSY沸石的制备

新型高硅Ｙ（ＮＨＳＹ）沸石的研究　Ⅰ．ＮＨＳＹ沸石的制备刘兴云，裴站芬，佘励勤，李宣文（北京大学化学系，北京１００８７１）关键词ＮａＹ沸石，骨架改性，化学脱铝，ＮＨＳＹ沸石，草酸为了提高用于制备裂化催化剂的Ｙ沸石的稳定性，必须对其骨架进行改性．实用的...     

氯硅烷改性对Y沸石结构的影响

用２９Ｓｉ，２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ，ＸＲＤ及化学分析法研究了氯硅烷改性Ｙ沸石的结构及组成变化，结果表明改性过程伴有脱铝和补硅作用，并同时有大量非骨架铝碎片形成．非骨架铝有两类，一类是２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ可测的，另一类是不可测的．改性沸石的酸性可能来源于非骨架铝碎片．对各催化剂上甲苯歧化反应的考察表明，由于改性沸石酸度适中，是较ＨＹ沸石优良的催化剂．     

草酸脱铝Y沸石的性质

草酸与草酸铵脱铝的Ｙ沸石，具有八面沸石结构和良好的结晶度。羟基红外光谱和吡啶吸附的红外光谱表明，在脱铝Ｙ沸石的骨架中存在着铝空位，这种缺铝Ｙ沸石中由３５５０ｃｍ＾－１表征的小笼羟基更具开放性，但稳定性较差，在升温过程中，它比３６４０ｃｍ＾－１表征的大笼羟基更易脱除。吡啶与ＣＯ双探针分子红外光谱的研究表明，升温脱羟基过程伴随着与Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸有关的非骨架铝的生成，低温Ｎ２吸附的结果显示，缺铝Ｙ沸石中还     

以拟薄水铝石为铝源合成的β沸石的表征和催化性能(英文)

考察了以拟薄水铝石为铝源、固体硅胶为硅源、四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂时不同晶化混合液ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比和不同晶化温度对β沸石合成的影响。ＸＲＤ、ＴＧＡ、ＩＣＰ及ＳＥＭ研究结果表明,在晶化混合液ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比为２０至５０之间、晶化温度为１４０℃～１６０℃范围内能合成出高结晶度的β沸石,且β沸石硅铝比与晶化混合液硅铝比呈良好的线性关系：ＴＧＡ总失重量随β沸石硅铝比增加而增加,晶化温度对β沸石的晶粒度没有明显影响。此外,所制备的Ｈβ沸石对甲苯与Ｃ９芳烃歧化和烷基转移反应具有良好的催化性能。     

氟氯有机化合物对HZSM-5分子筛改性过程中氟和氯的作用

利用ＸＲＤ，ＭＡＳ，ＮＭＲ，ＩＲ和ＸＰＳ等手段研究了ＣＦ４－ｎＣｌｎ改性的ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛的体相和表面结构的变化。结果表明，改性过程中Ｆ和Ｃｌ均能使ＨＺＳＭ－５脱铝和脱硅。Ｃｌ可以使沸石骨架ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３升高，而Ｆ除使沸石骨架脱铝外，还会极化其晶格。Ｆ比Ｃｌ更容易在沸石表面富集。Ｆ和Ｃｌ是通过取代Ｏ或ＯＨ与沸石表面Ｓｉ或Ａｌ作用的。改性后的沸石表面有数种含氟表面物种存在。     

改善β沸石水热稳定性的研究

 考察了不同浓度的盐酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸和磺基水杨酸溶\r\n液对Hβ沸石的脱铝效果．结果表明，酸处理可以明显提高β沸石的硅\r\n铝比，但沸石的相对结晶度显著降低．然而，低浓度柠檬酸溶液处理不\r\n仅可以提高β沸石的硅铝比，而且可以提高沸石的相对结晶度及水热稳\r\n定性．在引入外来硅源的情况下，考察了低浓度柠檬酸溶液对β沸石的\r\n脱铝补硅作用，提出了一种既可有效提高β沸石硅铝比，又可使β沸石\r\n具有较高结晶保留度的脱铝补硅方法．采用该方法改性的催化剂，对丙\r\n烯水合醚化反应连续运转720h，丙烯转化率由56．6％仅降为52％，表\r\n明催化剂稳定性得到明显改善．     

合成沸石用溶液组分的中间控制分析

沸石是天然和合成水合钠 (钾、钙、钡 )铝硅酸盐矿物的通称。合成沸石基于铝硅酸盐外配位层和沸石分子中碱 (碱土 )金属、铝、硅之间摩尔比的不同以及合成条件的差异 ,而有多种型号。其中常用的Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ结构框架的就有 4Ａ、 13Ｘ、Ｙ、丝光沸石等类型[1] ,而 4Ａ沸石经ＫＣｌ或ＣａＣｌ2 部分交换处理后 ,生成 3Ａ (Ｋ Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ)或 5Ａ (Ｃａ Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ)沸石 ;13Ｘ型 (Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ)经ＣａＣｌ2 交换后生成10Ｘ (Ｃａ Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ)沸石。因此 ,Ｎａ Ａｌ Ｓｉ型合成沸石是制取其它合成沸石的基础。本文介绍的合成沸…     

脱铝八面沸石的研究——Ⅲ.稳定性

以NaY沸石为原料,用SiCl_4同晶取代法制备了不同硅铝比且具有高结晶度的八面沸石,进一步将样品交换成铵型。还制备了超稳Y样品及铝交换型八面沸石。研究结果表明,随骨架硅铝比提高,八面沸石的骨架稳定性、热稳定性及水热稳定性均得到很大改善。骨架外铝会使较低硅铝比样品的水热稳定性变差。钠型及铵型样品在不同硅铝比时,对稳定性有不同影响。在骨架硅铝比相近情况下,SiC1_4脱铝沸石(DNH_4Y)较水热法脱铝沸石(USY)有好得多的热稳定性,然而二者却具有相近的水热稳定性。     

脱铝丝光沸石的吸附性能研究

丝光沸石是优良的吸附剂和工业生产对二甲苯的实用催化剂。脱铝是使丝光沸石改性的有效方法。Chen报道了脱铝丝光沸石对环己烷的吸附量在硅铝比为15～50范围内随硅铝比增加而减少,而在50～90范围内变化很小。张红浪等用高温水蒸气处理结合酸洗的方法脱铝,得到不同硅铝比的丝光沸石,并研究了脱铝对其结构、酸性和催化性能的影响。本     

高硅Y沸石的研制及性能——Ⅱ.沸石孔结构及吸附性能

LiNaY沸石经SiCl₄气相同晶脱铝补硅后制得系列高硅铝比、高结晶度的Y沸石,用低温氮吸附法,求得样品对N₂的吸附—脱附等温线,从而计算其比表面和孔体积,并采用BJH模型计算孔径分布。用真空重量法测定了四种C₆化合物(正己烷,2,3-二甲基丁烷、苯、环己烷)的吸附等温线,探讨吸附量与吸附物的性能(极性、几何构型)、吸附量与吸附剂脱铝深度的关系。从而得到,经SiCl₄同晶取代后Y沸石的孔结构和表面性质与脱铝深度的关系。     

高硅Y沸石“二次孔”结构的物理吸附法研究

用低温氮物理吸附法研究了化学法和水热法相结合制备的两个系列Y沸石的孔结构性质。研究结果表明, 用不同化学试剂处理Y沸石形成的孔结构有明显差别。但是, 当把由此得到的Y沸石在相同条件下交替进行水热处理和化学处理时, 孔结构却呈现类似的变化趋势, 即总比表面积、微孔比表面积和微孔体积是先下降后上升, 经第二次水热和化学处理是再次下降再次回升。而过程中产生的“二次孔”比表面积却呈现先上升后下降, 又回升又下降的相反的变化趋势。这种变化趋势, 可能与水热处理和化学处理过程中非骨架铝物种的形成与消失有关。     

The Characterization of Natural and Artificial Calcium Carbonates by Adsorption and Immersion Techniques

Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77K and enthalpies of immersion into water at 293K have been measured for a series of artificial and natural calcium carbonates. It appears that the external surface area and the micropore system can be fully characterized if a non-porous sample, present in the series, is used as an internal reference. Data are given for the reference isotherm. Owing to high specific interactions, immersion into water only provides information on the total surface area of the samples.     

Adsorption of 1-tetradecene/dodecane mixtures on different types of zeolites

The influence of heterogeneity parameters on the shape of excess adsorption isotherms has been discussed. These isotherms have been calculated according to the equations corresponding to different energy distributions. Next, the isotherm equations have been applied to examine the experimental excess isotherms for 1-tetradecene/dodecane mixture adsorption on different types ofX-zeolites at 293 K, 313 K and 333 K. The zeolite samples have been prepared from NaX-zeolite by exchanging the sodium ions for ions of alkalines and calcium group. Analysis of the above adsorption data by means of different isotherm equations showed that the parameters of aDubinin-Radushkevich-type equation change correctly with temperature and the contents of alkalines in the zeolite samples.     

改性Y沸石的孔结构与催化性能

测定了不同方法改性的Y沸石样品的N_2吸附和脱附等温线, 并计算了样品的微孔、大孔和二次孔的孔容和表面积, 以及样品的二次孔分布, 证实改性方法对样品的孔结构有显著的影响。同时, 还考察了不同尺码探针分子在改性Y沸石样品上的酸催化反应活性, 将所得数据与样品的酸量、酸强度和二次孔容相关联, 取得了满意的结果。说明对大尺码反应分子, 改性过程中生成的大孔径二次孔, 对提高沸石催化剂的反应活性是有利的。     

高硅Y型沸石的研制及性能——Ⅰ.LiNaY沸石的SiCl4脱铝

LiNaY沸石经SiCl_4气相脱铝补硅而制得一系列高硅铝比Y沸石,用XRD,IR测定脱铝沸石的晶胞参数α_0,骨架硅铝比Si_F/Al_F,和其结构稳定性.用TG—DTA法研究其表面憎水性能.用真空重量法研究其吸附性能。结果表明随着骨架脱铝量的增加其结构稳定性和憎水性都随之增加.对极性分了的吸附能力随之下降。     

Studies of physico-chemical properties and fractal dimensions of selected high-temperature superconductor surfaces

Properties relating to porosity of solids (fractal dimensions, surface roughness parameters) were evaluated from atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measured at 77 K for selected high-temperature [(RE) Ba₂Cu₃O_7−x, RE=Y, Sm] superconductors. Adsorption capacity, specific surface area, fractal dimensions were determined from adsorption-desorption isotherms. The adsorption isotherms of all samples were S-shaped and belong to type II according to the IUPAC classification. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the fractal coefficients calculated by using the two methods and values of adsorption capacity of monolayer.     

The Finite Pore Volume GAB Adsorption Isotherm Model as a Simple Tool to Estimate a Diameter of Cylindrical Nanopores

The finite pore volume Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (fpv-GAB) adsorption isotherm model has been considered as a simple tool which not only enables us to analyze the shape of isotherms theoretically, but also provides information about pore diameter. The proposed methodology is based on the geometrical considerations and the division of the adsorption space into two parts: the monolayer and the multilayer space. The ratio of the volumes of these two spaces is unambiguously related to the pore diameter. This ratio can be simply determined from the N₂ adsorption isotherm by its fitting with the use of fpv-GAB model. The volume ratio is equal to the ratio of the adsorption capacities in the monolayer and the multilayer—two of the best-fit parameters. The suggested approach has been verified using a series of isotherms simulated inside ideal carbon nanotubes. The adsorption data for some real adsorbents has also been used during tests. The studies performed have proven that diameters estimated with the use of the proposed method are comparable with the geometrical sizes or diameters published by others and based on the application of more sophisticated methods. For pores wider than 3 nm, the relative error does not exceed a few percent. The approach based on the fpv-GAB model reflects well the differences in pore sizes for the series of materials. Therefore, it can be treated as a convenient tool to compare various samples.     

Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food

This paper deals with the study of volatile compounds present in a set of three paper and board (P&B) samples of different composition, surface treatment, grammage and thickness. The volatile compounds released by the packaging material (P&B) can be trapped on the food and may then affect the safety and health of consumers. To evaluate if the recycled P&B could be used as food packaging material, adsorption studies have been performed with a selection of chemical substances. The adsorption isotherms are provided. Partition coefficients between paper and air have been calculated for a series of volatile compounds used as model compounds to represent different families of contaminants commonly present in P&B. Values from 4 to 3243 were obtained at different temperatures. The analysis of volatile compounds have been carried out by automatic headspace coupled on-line with GC/MS in SIM mode. The results obtained are shown and discussed.     

On the solution of diffusion controlled adsorption kinetics by means of orthogonal collocation

The problem of diffusion controlled adsorption kinetics is solved by orthogonal collocation for the Henry and the Langmuir isotherms. The dependence of the surface concentration of a surfactant on time is described by explicit formulae for the whole range of time. The results are compared with those obtained by power series expansions and finite difference methods and have a high accuracy for any time value. The method of orthogonal collocation has been shown to be very effective. It is suitable for applications to similar problems.