Composition of essential oils from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia anatolica</Emphasis>, a new species endemic from Turkey

The component composition of essential oils produced by steam distillation from flower heads, leaves, and stems of Salvia anatolica (Lamiaceae), a recently described new species endemic from Turkey, was studied by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of 127 volatile components representing 96% of the oil was identified in essential oil from flower heads and leaves. It was found that the principal oil components of flower heads and leaves were α-pinene (10.9%), β-pinene (6.7%), α-copaene (6.3%), heptacosane (6.2%), and hexadecanoic acid (5.0%). A total of 109 volatile compounds representing 87.9% of the oil was characterized in essential oil isolated from stems. The principal oil components of stems were identified as hexadecanoic acid (27.2%), tetradecanoic acid (15.2%), dodecanoic acid (5.5%), and α-copaene (5.0%). __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 552–555, November–December, 2007.     

Essential oil composition of Nepeta satureioides from Iran

The essential oil of Nepeta satureioides Boiss. from Iran was isolated by hydrodistillation in yield of 0.06% (w/w). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-five compounds accounting for 97.4% of the total oil were identified. The major components were linalool (23.8%), (Z,E)-farnesol (14.7%), linalyl acetate (11.1%), β-caryophyllene (6.6%), lavandulol acetate (6.6%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4%), and (Z)-β-farnesene (3.4%). Oxygenated terpenoids were the main group of compounds. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 144–145, March–April, 2006.     

Chemical composition of the resin essential oil of Canarium album from Vietnam

The composition of the essential oil obtained from the resin of Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch, Burseraceae, growing in Vietnam, was studied by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-nine compounds representing 95.2% of the oil were identified. Monoterpenoids made up 93.2% of the oil, with β-pinene (33.3%), α-terpinene (19.4%), γ-terpinene (14.1%), and terpinen-4-ol (11.9%) as the main components. Sesquiterpenoids made up 2.0% of the oil, and the content of each individual was below 0.5% of the oil. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 421–422, September–October, 2006.     

Composition of the essential oils of Lycium barbarum and L. ruthenicum fruits

Water-distilled essential oils from the fruits of Lycium barbarum and L. ruthenicum were analyzed by GCMS. The main components in the oil of L. barbarum were found to be hexadecanoic acid (47.5%), linoleic acid (9.1%), β-elemene (5.4%), myristic acid (4.2%), and ethyl hexadecanoate (4.0%). The essential oil of L. ruthenicum has heptacosane (14.3%), ethyl linoleate (10.0%), hexacosane (7.0%), nonacosane (6.2%), and ethyl hexadecanoate (5.8%) as the main compounds. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 20–21, January–February, 2006.     

Composition of essential oil from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia glauca</Emphasis> from western Siberia

The composition of essential oil from Artemisia glauca (Asteraceae) growing in southern Siberia was studied. More than 60 oil components consisting of 99.0–99.7% of the total volatile components were identified by GC—MS by comparison of full mass spectra and retention times. The main components of the essential oil were acetylene derivatives of capillene (11–60%) and benzyldiacetylene (1–31%). Other acetylene derivatives such as capillin, (E)-hex-4-en-2-ynylbenzene, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadiyne, and capillarin were also identified in the oil. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 446–449, September–October, 2007.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis from Iran

The hydrodistilled oils from the aerial parts of Ferula latisecta and Mozaffariania insignis, which is endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. (Z)-Ocimenone (32.4%), (E)-ocimenone (20.3%), and cis-pinocarvone (11.4%) were the main components among the 22 constituents characterized in the oil of F. latisecta, representing 87.7% of the total components detected. Twenty-five compounds were identified in the oil of M. insignis, representing 99.0% of the total oil, with octyl acetate (41.1%), β-pinene (30.3%), and α-pinene (23.9%) as the main constituents. The essential oils were examined for their potential antimicrobial activities. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 561–563, November–December, 2006.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthemis wiedemanniana</Emphasis> from Turkey

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from aerial parts of Anthemis wiedemanniana, an endemic taxon of Turkey, were investigated. Linalool (12.75%), 1,8-cineole (8.49%), hexadecanoic acid (6.09%), and chrysanthenone (5.67%) were found to be the main components among the 122 compounds characterized in the essential oil of Anthemis wiedemanniana. Antimicrobial activities were reported against 12 microorganisms and five yeast-like fungi by the disc diffusion method. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 40–43, January–February, 2007.     

Chemical Compositions of the Essential Oils of Stems,Leaves, and Roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prangos latiloba</Emphasis>

Hydrodistilled volatile oils from crushed dry stems, leaves, and roots of Prangos latiloba Korov. (Umbelliferae) growing wild in Sabzevar (Iran) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eight compounds constituting 84.72% of stem oil, twelve compounds constituting 95.39% of leaf oil, and nine compounds constituting 88.73% of root oil have been identified. The main components of stem oil were γ-cadinene (30.39%), α-pinene (25.47%), and sabinene (12.55%). The main components of leaf oil were germacrene D (27.79%), α-pinene (17.81%), β-caryophyllene (12.75%), and β-pinene (11.23%). The main components of root oil were spathulenol (29.5%), 1,8-cineol (19.42%), p-cymene (17.03%), and α-bisabolol (15.33%). __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 443–444, September–October, 2005.     

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Two Endemic Species from Turkey: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis cilicica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis bilgerana</Emphasis>

Aerial parts of Sideritis cilicica Boiss. & Bal. and Sideritis bilgerana P.H. Davis (Lamiaceae) were hydrodistilled to obtain essential oils that were then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. β-Pinene (39%), α-pinene (28%), and β-phellandrene (20%) were the main components in the oil of S. cilicica, while β-pinene (48%), and α-pinene (32%) were the major constituents in the oil of S. bilgerana. The antimicrobial activities of the oils were evaluated by using the microdilution broth method. Both of the oils showed good inhibitory effects on C. albicans. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 559–561, November–December, 2005.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Sagittaria trifolia

The essential oil of Sagittaria trifolia, a well-known famous medicinal foodstuff in China, was analyzed for the first time using GC-MS. Twenty-eight constituents were identified. The major components of the oil were hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (62.3%), tetramethylhexadecenone (5.8%), myristaldehyde (4.7%), n-pentadecane (2.9%), and 2-hexyldecanol (2.9%).The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against seven microorganisms, including two clinically isolated strains and five reference strains, using microbiological cylinder plate assay and broth microdilution methods. The results showed that the oil had a significant antimicrobial effect on four of them. This antimicrobial activity can partly explain why the oil is used medicinally during childbirth and for skin diseases in Chinese traditional medicine. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 419–420, September–October, 2006.     

Chemical variability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia herba-alba</Emphasis> Asso essential oils from East Morocco

Chemical compositions of 16 Artemisia herba-alba oil samples harvested in eight East Moroccan locations were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Chemical variability of the A. herba-alba oils is also discussed using statistical analysis. Detailed analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 52 components amounting to 80.5–98.6 % of the total oil. The investigated chemical compositions showed significant qualitative and quantitative differences. According to their major components (camphor, chrysanthenone, and α- and β-thujone), three main groups of essential oils were found. This study also found regional specificity of the major components.     

Essential oil composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Santolina etrusca</Emphasis> from Italy

The essential oil composition of aerial parts of Santolina etrusca Marchi & D’Amato from Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-nine compounds of oil were identified representing 97.1% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were viridiflorol (17.9%), terpinen-4-ol (14.4%), myrcene (11.8%), β-pinene (9.9%), and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (9.9%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the GC/MS determination of the essential oil composition of S. etrusca. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 38–39, January–February, 2007.     

Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carlina acanthifolia</Emphasis> Root Essential Oil

The root of Carlina acanthifolia All. (Asteraceae) contained 1.0% of essential oil (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). Using GC and GC/MS, nine components were identified (100% of total oil). The structure of benzyl 2-furylacetylene (carlina oxide), which is the principal component of the oil (91.5%), was spectrometrically identified. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 331–332, July–August, 2005.     

Essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laurus nobilis</Emphasis> from Montenegro

Steam distilled oil from the shoots, separated leaves, and stem, as well as from the flower of laurel (Laurus nobilis), grown in Montenegro, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of essential oil was as follow: 1.4% in young shoots, 1.5% in the separated leaves, and 0.7% in separated stems. The main constituents of all investigated oils were 1,8-cineole, methyleugenol, and α-terpinyl acetate. Besides, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and linalool were also present. It was interesting and important for commercial samples of laurel essential oil that there was no significant difference among the essential oil obtained from young shoots and those obtained from leaves and stem. The main constituents of the flower oil were 1,8-cineole (15.7%), β-caryophyllene (9.5%), γ-muurolene (7.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (6.5%), and methyleugenol (3.9%). Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 337–339, July–August, 2007.     

The volatile constituents of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dracocephalum kotschyi</Emphasis> oils

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Dracocephalum kotschyi (Lamiaceae) aerial parts, grown in Iran and obtained from three different methods, were determined by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven compounds (93.3%) in the hydrodistillate oil, 55 compounds (94.2%) in the steam distillate oil, and 34 compounds (98.4%) in the hydrolate were identified. The major compounds in the hydrodistillate oil were α-pinene (12.1%), methyl geranate (11.2%), β-ocimene (8.6%), and limonene (7.2%). α-Pinene (15%), methyl geranate (14.5%), limonene (11.2%), and β-ocimene (8.4%) were the most abundant components in the steam distillate oil. The percentages of geraniol (13%), trans-verbenol (11.6%), and terpinen-4-ol (11.2%) were more than other constituents in the hydrolate. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 35–37, January–February, 2007.     

Investigation of the chemical composition–antibacterial activity relationship of essential oils by chemometric methods

The antibacterial effects of Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae), Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiaceae), and Calamintha nepeta (Lamiaceae) Savi subsp. nepeta var. subisodonda (Borb.) Hayek essential oils on five different bacteria were estimated. Laboratory control strain and clinical isolates from different pathogenic media were researched by broth microdilution method, with an emphasis on a chemical composition–antibacterial activity relationship. The main constituents of thyme oil were thymol (59.95%) and p-cymene (18.34%). Linalool acetate (38.23%) and β-linalool (35.01%) were main compounds in lavender oil. C. nepeta essential oil was characterized by a high percentage of piperitone oxide (59.07%) and limonene (9.05%). Essential oils have been found to have antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Classification and comparison of essential oils on the basis of their chemical composition and antibacterial activity were made by utilization of appropriate chemometric methods. The chemical principal component analysis (PCA) and hierachical cluster analysis (HCA) separated essential oils into two groups and two sub-groups. Thyme essential oil forms separate chemical HCA group and exhibits highest antibacterial activity, similar to tetracycline. Essential oils of lavender and C. nepeta in the same chemical HCA group were classified in different groups, within antibacterial PCA and HCA analyses. Lavender oil exhibits higher antibacterial ability in comparison with C. nepeta essential oil, probably based on the concept of synergistic activity of essential oil components.     

Essential Oil Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nepeta involucrata</Emphasis> from Iran

The essential oil of Nepeta involucrata (Bunge) Bornm. (Lamiaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts during the flowering stage was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-eight compounds representing 97.2% of total oil were identified. The main compounds of the oil were 1,8-cineol (23.1%), germacrene-D (15.1%), and β-pinene (12.2%). No traces of nepetalactone isomers were found as oil constituents. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 562–564, November–December, 2005.     

Composition of the essential oil of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stachys acerosa</Emphasis> growing in central Iran

The essential oil of aerial parts of Stachys acerosa, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and grows in central Iran, was obtained by a hydrodistileation method and analyzed by GC and GC-MS apparatus. Fourteen compounds representing 98.8% of the oil were identified. Among them N-methylisatin (30%), α-pinene (25%), sabinene (12.3%), and 2-hydroxyacetophenone (11.2%) were the major constituents of the oil, which was obtained in 0.1% yield. Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 32–34, January–February, 2007.     

Analysis of Essential Oil from the Needles of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinaster</Emphasis> Growing in Algeria

The needle oil of the Algerian maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) growing in natural habitats in Sidi Feradj (Algiers region) was obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.3% yield and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. More than 46 compounds amounting to 65.2% of the total oil were identified. The main components were β-caryophyllene (26.6%), allo-aromadendrene (12.5%), and α-humulene (4.3%). __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 445–447, September–October, 2005.     

Component composition of essential oils from four species of the genus Achillea growing in Kazakhstan

The component composition of the four species Achillea filipendulina, A. sudetica, A. ledebourii, and A. cartilaginea was studied by GC-MS. It was found that the principal components of the essential oil (%) were santolina alcohol (29.1) and borneol (27.9) for A. filipendulina, linalool (11.8) and caryophyllene (8.9) for A. sudetica, germacrene D (20.55) for A. ledebourii, and α-thujone (26.15) and β-thujone (11.76) for A. cartilaginea. The chemical composition of the essential oils from A. sudetica, A. ledebourii, and A. cartilaginea was studied for the first time. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 243–245, May–June, 2006.